Olive Trees Productivity in Response to Supplemental Irrigation under North-Western Coastal Conditions in Egypt

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1 Amrin-Eursin J. Ari. & Environ. Si., 11 (5): , 2011 ISSN IDOSI Pulitions, 2011 Oliv Trs Proutivity in Rspons to Supplmntl Irrition unr Nor-Wstrn Costl Conitions in Eypt A.M. Attll, M. Al-Sttr, A.E. Mhrous n A.A. Al-Azz 1 Dprtmnt o Pomoloy, Fulty o Ariultur (El-Shty), Alxnri Univ., Eypt 2 Dsrt Rsrh Cntr, Ministry o Ariultur & Rlim Soils, Eypt Astrt: This stuy ws rri out urin two sussiv ssons o 2008 n 2009 on mtur oliv trs v. Mnznillo. In is stuy, nin irrition trtmnts wr us urin iv mons rom My to Dmr in n xpt "On" yr (2008) n n xpt "O" yr (2009).Th trtmnts wr: No irrition (rin ), 60mm on /mon, 80mm on/ mon, 100mm on/ mon, 120mm on/ mon, 30 mm twi/ mon, 40 mm twi /mon, 50 mm twi /mon n 60 mm twi/ mon. Th rinll in xprimntl rion ror 92.0 n mm/yr in 2008 n 2009, rsptivly. Th rsult show t hihr lvl o irrition wtr (60 mm twi/mon) urin My to Sptmr ws mor tiv in inrsin proutivity n ruit qulity o Mnznillo oliv in o ssons. Also l nitron, potssium, lium n iron ontnt wr inrs unr suh onitions. Ky wors: Oliv trs Supplmntl irrition Proutivity Eypt INTRODUCTION Du to limittion o wtr vilility or irrition in lr rs o worl, r is proility inrs Oliv (Ol urop L.) is wily ultivt in loosin o irrit ln. Howvr, or mtur ruit trs, smiri rs wi Mitrrnn limt, whr lon ruin ppli wtr to rtin limit oul improv prios o soil wtr iit r usully prsnt urin wtr us iiny [7]. Applyin wtr to ruit tr rops ry sson. Oliv tr hs n tritionlly rown unr is wily us prti ut iint wtr us hs rin- onitions n is onsir on o st om importnt only in rnt yrs u to rpi pt spis to smiri nvironmnt [1]. pltion o vill wtr rsours in mny rs o Howvr, unr is onition it usully shows worl [8]. Mny nolois to improv wtr rs in photosynsis t limits row n yil iiny n mnmnt o sr wtr rsours [2]. In is rspt oliv proution ws improv y r vill. Amon most promisin n iintwtr supply [3, 4]. Aorin to intrntionl oliv provn nolois r: (I) supplmntl irrition (SI) oil ounil (IOOC), worl r vot to oliv or optimizin us o limit wtr vill rom rowin is 8.8 million htr [5]. This r is ntr rnwl rsours in rin rs n (II) wtr minly in Mitrrnn sin, whih hs out 99% hrvstin (WH) or improv rmr inom in rir o worl's oliv rovs. It prou in 2007/2008 nvironmnt [9]. roun 2,030,800 mtri tons o oliv oil. In Eypt, oliv Th im o is stuy ws to vlut t o r rh n (56538 h) n ruitin supplmntl irrition on proutivity n qulity o r ror n (46152 h) wi totl ruit Mnznillo oliv unr smi-ri onitions o Mtrouh proution o mtri tons [6]. Oliv ors rt Govrnort rion, Eypt. onomi potntil ompr to or ruit trs rown unr sm onitions. It is us or oo MATERIALS AND METHODS nutritionl (s rsh piklin n or oil proution) n mil purposs. Oliv proution plys n importnt Plnt Mtril n Exprimntl Dsin: This stuy ws rol in onomy o mny Mitrrnn ountris. onut urin two sussiv ssons o 2008 n Corrsponin Auor: M. Al-Sttr, Dprtmnt o Pomoloy, Fulty o Ariultur (El-Shty), Alxnri Univ. Eypt. 609

2 Am-Eurs. J. Ari. & Environ. Si., 11 (5): , t El Hmmm rion, Mtrouh Govrnort, Eypt o totl numr o lowrs. In ition, inl ruit to invstit t o irnt irrition rts on l rtntion ws ror lso on h o prviously minrl ontnt, ruitin n ruit qulity o oliv trs v. t shoots just or hrvstin n prnt Mnznillo. Thirty yrs ol Mnznillo oliv trs, similr o ruit shin ws lult on sis o s possil in row, vior n hly wr plnt t numr o ruit st. In rly Sptmr o h sson, 7 x 7 m prt n riv rulrly rommn ruits wr pik, wiht in k to trmin yil hortiulturl prtis. Th rinll in xprimntl (k /tr). rion ror 92.0 n mm in 2008 n 2009, rsptivly orin to Mtrouh Rourss Fruit Proprtis: Th ruits wr hrvst s soon s Mnmnt Projt (Appli Rsrh Cntr).Thirty six y ttin mturity inis o mtur st. Smpl trs wr slt n sujt to nin irrition onsist o 100 ruits whih rnomly slt rom h trtmnts urin iv mons innin rom My to trt tr to stuy t o irnt trtmnt on Dmr, 2008 n 2009 ssons wi our trs or h ruit physil proprtis i.. ruit wiht (), ruit trtmnt (on rplit = on tr) in omplt imnsions (ln n imtr), lsh n ston rnomiz lok sin s ollows: 3 wiht(). Also, ruit volum (m ), moistur ontnt% n lsh iknss (m) wr trmin. Chmil -Rin only (ontrol). proprtis i.. ruit oil ontnt, oil iity % n T2- Irrition wi 60mm (192 L) on/ tr / mon. Sponiition numr wr trmin orin to T3- Irrition wi 80 mm (256 L) on/ tr / mon. A.O.A.C. [10]. T4- Irrition wi 100 mm (320 L) on/ tr / mon. T5- Irrition wi 120 mm (384L) on/ tr / mon. L Nutrint Contnt: At irst wk o Sptmr o T6- Irrition wi 30mm (96 L) twi/ tr / mon. h sson, l smpl (30 lvs) ws tkn rom T7- Irrition wi 40 mm (128 L) twi/ tr / mon. mil o non ruitin shoots (on yr ol) roun T8- Irrition wi 50 mm (160L) twi/ tr / mon. priphry o h tr [11], wsh n ovn ri t 70 T9- Irrition wi 60 mm (192 L) twi/ tr / mon. o C until onstnt wiht, n ry lvs wr roun n ist or irnt lmnts trmintion [12]. At innin o xprimnt, soil nlysis o Nitron ws trmin y Miro-Kjlhl mo [13], xprimntl orhr ws rri out s list in phosphorus ws trmin y mo o Murphy Tl 1. n Rily [14], potssium ws trmin y Flm Photomtr orin to mo o Brown n Tr Bloomin n Fruitin: Twnty shoots o on yr Lillln [15], whil lium n mnsium wr ol wr slt t rnom n ll or vry slt trmin y titrtion inst vrsnt solution (Ntr to trmin numr o inlorsn/mtr. Also, EDTA) [12].Iron n mnns wr trmin y numr o lowrs / inlorsn ws ount n usin Atomi Asorption Sptrophotomtr (Jrillror. Smpls o 30 pnils rom h tr wr Ash850). tkn t ull loom. Flowrs wiin h pnil wr xmin n numr o prt lowrs to totl Sttistil Anlysis: Th t ollt rouh out numr o lowrs ws lult. Numr o st ruitlss ours o is stuy wr sttilly nlyz orin to on prviously t shoots ws ror in lt Snor n Cohrn [16] n LSD tst ws us or My n ruit st prnt ws lult on sis omprison twn trtmnts. Tl 1: Physil n hmil proprtis o xprimntl soil sit Chmil proprtis Physil proprtis Ctions ( mq /l) Anions ( mq /l) Dp (m) Sn % Cly% Silt % SP ph EC S/m CEC OM% CCO 3 % ++ C ++ M + N + K - HCO3 - Cl -- SO

3 Am-Eurs. J. Ari. & Environ. Si., 11 (5): , 2011 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION smi-ri nvironmnt [1], louh unr s onitions it usully shows rs in photosynsis Tr Bloomin n Fruitin: Th t onrnin tr t limits row, inrs ruit rop n rs yil loomin s rsult o stui trtmnts, in o [2]. Morovr, tr miht rop som o its ruits to 2008 n 2009 ssons, r list in Tl 2. In o sv row [24]. Ths rsults wr in orn ssons, iht irrition trtmnts (T2-T9) wi inins o Mihlkis t l. [25], Ptumi t l. siniintly inrs numr o inlorsns in [26] n Auror t l. [27].Thy show t ruit tr Mnznillo oliv s ompr wi t o non irrition proutivity ws inrs wi inrsin irrition lvl. trtmnt () in most ss. Morovr, ll irrition trtmnts ris numr o lowrs omprin wi Fruit Proprtis t o rin trtmnt (ontrol) n irns Physil Propritis: Th t onrnin ruit physil wr siniint in most ss. In mntim, propritis o stui trtmnts in o 2008 n numr o prt lowr/pnil unr iht irrition 2009 ssons r prsnt in Tls 3 n 4. Fruit trtmnts (T2-T9) wr mrkly inrs s ompr wiht, ruit volum, ruit ln, ruit imtr, lsh wi t o ontrol (rin only),xpt T6 (30 mm iknss, pulp &ston wiht, pulp/ston rtio n ruit twi / mon) in son sson. Ths rsults moistur ontnt urin "on" or "o" yr unr ll init t irrition llows numr o irrition trtmnts wr siniintly hihr n t o inlorsns pr mtr to inrs in oliv rowin r ontrol (rin only), whil ruit imtr whr rinll is sr. Morovr, wtr vilility siniintly inrs unr ll irrition trtmnts inrss lowrin [17-22]. Rsults r wi os o omprin wi t o ontrol, xpt T6 in 2008 n Mill t l. [23]. This miht u to inrs in T2 in 2009.Th prvious rsults show t wtr rohyrts ontnt urin lowr irntition s strss trtmnts ws not tiv to rs ruit rsult o irrition trtmnts. In viw o prsnt volum n mnmnt prti o wtr pplyin t in o ssons, ruit st prnt siniintly ws mor tiv in inrsin it n is miht u inrs s rsult o irrition trtmnts in most ss to t trs tk its tim to uil up mor (T2-T9) whn ompr wi t o ontrol (non rohyrts n n inrs ruit volum [28]. In irrit). In mntim, ruit rop% inrs unr ition, rsults wr in rmnt wi os otin rin onition only (ontrol) omprin wi y Morin t l. [4], Ptumi t l. [26] n Golhmr irrition trtmnts n irns mon m wr [29]. Th otin rsults init t wtr strss siniint in most ss. Likwis, irrition n mnmnt prtis o wtr pplition ws trtmnts (T2-T9) siniintly inrs totl yil mor tiv in inrsin lsh iknss (mm) n /tr s ompr wi t o rin only. pplition o irrition wtr twi ws mor tiv It oul onlu t wtr strss t n on pplition (T2) n ontrol. Similr prnt o ruit rop. Oliv tr hs n inins wr oun y Ptumi t l. [26], nri t l. tritionlly rown unr rin- onitions n is [30] n Lv t l. [31]. Th prsnt rsults init onsir on o st pt spis to t mnmnt prti o wtr pplition t Tl 2: Tr loomin n ruitin o Mnznillo oliv s t y supplmntl irrition. Totl numr o Totl numr o Numr o prt inlorsns pr mtr lowrs pr pnil lowrs pr pnil Fruit st (%) Fruit rop (%) Yil (k / tr) Trtmnts T T T T T T T T Mns ollow y sm lttr in h olumn r not siniintly irnt t P=

4 Am-Eurs. J. Ari. & Environ. Si., 11 (5): , 2011 Tl 3: Fruit propritis o Mnznillo oliv s t y supplmntl irrition. Fruit wiht Fruit volum Fruit ln Fruit imtr Flsh iknss Ston wiht 3 () (m ) (m) (m) (mm) () Trtmnts h 0.96 T T T T T T T T s Mns ollow y sm lttr in h olumn r not siniintly irnt t P=0.05. Tl 4: Fruit propritis o Mnznillo oliv s t y supplmntl irrition. Pulp wiht Pulp /Ston Fruit moistur Fruit oil ontnt Oil iity Sponiition (m) rtio (%) (%) (%) numr Trtmnts T T T T T T T T Mns ollow y sm lttr in h olumn r not siniintly irnt t P=0.05. Tl 5: L nutrint ontnt o Mnznillo oliv s t y supplmntl irrition. Nitron Phosphorus Potssium Clium Mnsium Mnns Iron (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (ppm) (ppm) Trtmnts T T T T T T T T Mns ollow y sm lttr in h olumn r not siniintly irnt t P=0.05. pulp wiht whn omplmntry irrition istriut Chmil Proprtis: Th t onrnin ruit hmil urin ritil sts o ruit row, prtiulrly urin proprtis s t y stui trtmnts in o nlrmnt o msorp lls n inrss ruit 2008 n 2009 ssons r list in Tl 4. In o wiht, prnt o ruit lsh n ovrll tr proution ssons o stuy, oil ontnt % o Mnznillo oliv [3, 17, 32, 33]. i not show init trn s rsult o ll irrition 612

5 Am-Eurs. J. Ari. & Environ. Si., 11 (5): , 2011 trtmnts omprin wi t o ontrol. All irrition irns in som ss(tl 5). Ths rsults r in trtmnts (T2-T9) inrs ruit iity prnt o rmnt wi os otin y Ahm [42], Solimn Mnznillo oliv v. omprin wi t o ontrol, [43] n Clno t l. [44], y rport t totl whil, T2 n T6 in o ssons n T3 in 2008 sson mount o minrl lmnts ws inrs in irrit i not ir siniintly omprin wi ontrol. All oliv plnts omprin wi non-irrit ons. In irrition trtmnts (T2-T9) wr siniintly hihr ition, Alr t l. [45] oun t wtr strss n t o ontrol in son sson o stuy, ru nt ssimiltion o l. ut irns mon stui trtmnts wr not i nouh to siniint. CONCLUSION From prsnt rsults, som irrition trtmnts in o ssons t hmil proprtis ontnt. From prsnt rsults, it is onlu t Th prsnt rsults wr in rmnt wi os rport irrition wi 60 mm twi/ mon urin My to y Lv t l. [3], Spil [34], Vitlino [35] n Lv Sptmr ws mor tiv in inrsin n Wonr [36]. Also, similr rsults wr rport y proutivity n ruit qulity o Mnznillo oliv urin Ptumi t l. [37] Arnon t l. [38] n Toplu t l. o "on" n "o" yrs, s wll s l nutrint [39].Thy osrv t oli i ontnt ws ontnt (nitron, potssium, lium n iron ) unr rtst wi 100% rop vpotrnspirtion trtmnt onitions o prsnt stuy. whih onirms prviously shown t o irrition on onst o oil umultion. Also, Ptumi t l. [26] REFERENCES oun t irrition rly t oil tty i rtios or omposition. 1. Giménz, C., E. Frrs, C. Ruz n F. Orz, Wtr rltions n s xhn o oliv trs: L Nutrint Contnt: Th t onrnin l nitron, iurnl n ssonl pttrns o l wtr potntil, phosphorus n potssium ontnt unr stui photosynsis n stomtl onutn. At irrition trtmnts in o 2008 n 2009 ssons r Hortiultur, 449: list in Tl (5). From prsnt rsults, it oul 2. Boni, G. n A. Plliotti, Oliv. In: Shr, B. onlu t l nitron, phosphorus n potssium nrson, P.C. (Es.), Hnook o Environmntl ontnt ws inrs wi inrsin rt o Physioloy o Fruit Crops: Tmprt Crops, vol. I. irrition wtr n pplition twi ws mor CRC Prss, Bo Rton, FL, USA, pp: tiv n on n n ontrol.this miht 3. Lv, S.N., M. Nsho, M. Woonr n u to ius o irrition wtr rom soil to H. Hrshmsh, Th t o omplmntry root tissus. Ths rsults r in rmnt wi os irrition to ol oliv trs v. Souri on ruit rport y Zhrn t l. [40]. In, low potssium hrtristis, yil n oil proution. Avns ssimiltion is hihly orrlt wi oil umultion. in Hort. Si., 4(3): Di [41] init t shrp rution o ruit sink 4. Morin, A., F. Orz, M. Pstor n E. Frrs, strn ws inu y wtr strss. Th trtmnt Rspons o mtur oliv orhr to wtr (60 mm twi /mon) us hihst vlus o l iits. J. Amr. So. Hort. Si., 128: lium in o ssons, whil, ontrol trtmnt 5. Crot, K., Et l onsum l it us lowst n or trtmnts i not show oliv sor l omposiion lslipoprotins init trn (Tl 5). L mnsium n mnns j nsi n iniv uos irnts p ss ontnt ws inrs y ontrol trtmnt ompr uropos. Tsis otorl, Univ. Brlon, wi os o rminin irrition trtmnts (T2-T9) n Espn. CE, Rulmnto (CE) n_ 509/2006 o irns mon or trtmnts wr not i Conslho. J. Oiil Unio Eur. [O. J. Eur. Union]. nouh to siniint in most ss or ir t on 6. Ariulturl Sttistis, Ministry o Ariultur, l mnsium. In o sson, lvs rom T9 (60 mm prt Auust. twi/ mon) ontin hihst vlus o iron n 7. Glnn, D.M., Physioloil ts o os o (ontrol) n T2 (60 mm on/ mon) inomplt root zon wttin on plnt row n ontin lowst ons,whil or rminin ir implitions or irrition mnmnt. Hort irrition trtmnts wr in twn wi siniint Si., 35:

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