a program to detect plant pests and diseases of regulatory concern Dr. Leroy A. Whilby State Survey Coordinator FDACS-DPI-CAPS

Transcription

1 a program to detect plant pests and diseases of regulatory concern Dr. Leroy A. Whilby State Survey Coordinator FDACS-DPI-CAPS

2 CAPS (Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey) CAPS is a combined effort by Federal and State agricultural organizations to conduct surveillance, detection, and monitoring of agricultural and natural resource pests. Plant diseases, insects, mites, nematodes, mollusks, & weeds.

3 Florida CAPS (Largest Program in Country) Gainesville (Headquarters): State Survey Coordinator GIS & Mapping Specialist Information Specialist Molecular Diagnostician Entomological Identifier Entomological Identifier Pest Survey Specialist Pest Survey Specialist Orlando: Pest Survey Specialist Agricultural Technician Palmetto: Pest Survey Specialist Pest Survey Specialist Miami: Pest Survey Specialist Mariana: Agricultural Technician DPI DPI DPI DPI DPI USDA USDA DPI USDA USDA USDA DPI DPI USDA

4 Surveys Exotic Woodboring and Bark Beetles(EWBB) and Sirex Woodwasp Solid wood packing material - SWPM Emerald Ash Borer EAB Gold spotted oak borer -GSOB Asian Longhorned Beetle ALB Corn Commodity Cotton Commodity Potato Cyst Nematode Nursery

5 Common pine shoot beetle Tomicus destruens Pale spruce bark beetle Hylurgops palliatus European woodwasp Sirex noctilio Redhaired pine bark beetle Hylurgus ligniperda Oak ambrosia beetle Platypus quercivorus Solid Wood Packing Materials Survey (SWPM) Bark and Ambrosia Beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae), Longhorn Beetles (Cerambycidae), Jewel Beetles (Buprestidae) and Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)

6 SWPM Florida s forest industry: >$16.5 billion, >133,000 jobs Plus: parks, preserves, residential and street trees Florida is a major trade hub and receives material by rail, sea and air from all over the world, putting it at a high risk for the introduction and establishment of exotic wood boring insects.

7 SWPM Survey and monitor high risk areas that pose the greatest risk of introduction and establishment of exotic wood boring insects via infested wood packing materials

8 SWPM 15 international airports and 12 maritime ports 68 Lindgren multi-funnel traps throughout the state

9 Scolytinae: No pests from the CAPS watch list have been detected; however: Ambrosiodmus atratus Ambrosiodmus minor Hypocryphalus sp. Hypothenemus miles Xyleborus celsus Xyleborus glabratus Xyleborus impressus Xyleborus intrusus (x3 counties) Xyleborus similis Xylosandrus germanus Curculionidae: Cosmobaris americana Cerambycidae Asemum striatum Batyle ignicollis australis Eutrichillus biguttatus Rhagium inquisitor Hemisphere Record State Record County Record In 2012, 725 samples were processed; over 17,000 beetles were identified.

10 Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) and Gold Spotted Oak Borer (GSOB) Agrilus planipennis Agrilus auroguttatus

11 Emerald Ash Borer Arrived from Asia in packing wood material in identified as cause of ash mortality in Michigan and Ontario

12 Gold Spotted Oak Borer Native to oak forests in SE Arizona Is not a pest in its native range Detected in San Jose County, CA in 2004 Detected in San Diego County, CA in 2008

13 EAB/GSOB March - Nov State parks, state forests, federal camp sites, private camp sites, highway rest areas Purple prism trap in ash or oak EAB Lure: Manuka oil, z-3 hexen-1-ol GSOB trap unbaited EAB and GSOB NOT DETECTED

14 Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB) Anoplophora glabripennis

15 ALB Red maple infested with ALB. First U.S. detection in New York in 1996; most recent find from Boston, MA in 2010 Native to China and Korea; probably introduced via wood packing materials made from poplar Maples, birches and elms are susceptible to attack by ALB Populations may go unnoticed for years before detection Michael Bohne, Bugwood.org

16 ALB 3 purported ALB sightings from prompted a Tampa-area survey Trap survey used experimental ALB traps (black panel intercept traps with a 5 component lure) 5 traps were run from May- November 2012; checked a total of 14 times Visual survey conducted Sept , 2012 ALB NOT DETECTED

17 CAPS Corn Commodity Survey Corn Smut- Picture taken in Hamilton County, FL Corn Earworm- larval stage. (Photo courtesy of University of Kentucky College of Agriculture) Bucket Trap with label and id number Bucket Trap hanging in tree row between corn fields Corn Earworm adult moth. (Picture copyright Bruce Marlin 2002)

18 CAPS Corn Commodity Survey Introduction Where We Survey Commercial & Organic Fields Sweet Corn & Corn for Grain or Feed Panhandle Region West of Suwannee River and South Florida Types of Surveys Trapping for Insect Pests Visual for Downy Mildews and other Pathogens

19 CAPS Corn Commodity Survey Target Pests Helicoverpa armigera (Old World Bollworm) Bucket Trap w/lure Autographa gamma (Silver Y Moth) Bucket Trap w/lure Thaumatotibia leucotreta (False Codling Moth) Wing Trap w/lure

20 CAPS Corn Commodity Survey Target Pests Peronosclerospora maydis (Java Downy Mildew) Visual Survey Peronosclerospora philippinensis (Philippine Downy Mildew) Visual Survey

21 CAPS Corn Commodity Survey

22 CAPS Corn Commodity Survey 2012 Results 38 Traps, 23 Sites, 8 Counties Targets NOT Found ~150 Helicoverpa zea (Corn Earworm) trapped (Close to target H. armigera). A common pest. ~290 moths covering 3 genera in the Noctuidae family (Close to target A. gamma) ~15 Gymnandrosoma punctidiscanum (Native but close to target T. leucotreta)

23 CAPS Corn Commodity Survey 2013 Survey Plan Revisit 2012 Locations Add Additional Locations at High Risk Sites Fields along interstates or near rest stops Organic Growers

24 Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa 1847) (Hemiptera: Oxycarenidae) South Florida cotton surveys for 2012 Andrew Derksen, FDACS 2013

25 Mike Thomas, DPI 2010 Significance Lygaeoid 4-7 generations per year in Florida Impact gregarious seed feeders body fluids stain cotton lint cotton is $5.1 billion/year national industry

26 Survey Sites Host plant locations commercial cotton wild cotton okra kenaf Potential entry pathways

27 Status Update: 2012 Derksen, FDACS 2010 Stock Island totals: 11 CAPS surveys 1 USDA survey two years of negative surveys in March 2012 Fort Zachary Taylor totals: 9 CAPS surveys 45 DEP surveys two years of negative surveys in June 2012 two years of negative surveys since plants were allowed to boll in February 2013

28 Griffiths, USDA 2010 South Florida Cotton Surveys: 2013 Continue quarterly surveys of sentinel plants throughout Keys and South Florida 140 cotton sites 47 non-cotton host sites

29 2013 CAPS Cotton Commodity Survey Helicoverpa armigera Spodoptera littoralis Helicoverpa armigera Oxycarenus hyalinipennis O. hyalinipennis Coutin R. / OPIE Spodoptera litura

30 2013 CAPS Cotton Commodity Survey Target Pests Spodoptera litura Cotton Cutworm Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Cotton Seed Bug K. Kiritani (JP) Courtesy of Bilule

31 2013 CAPS Cotton Commodity Survey Target Pests Helicoverpa armigera Cotton Bollworm Spodoptera littoralis Egyptian Cottonworm UGA

32 2013 CAPS Cotton Commodity Survey Target Pests Achatina fulica Giant African Land Snail Monacha spp. Helicid snail UGA

33 CAPS 2013 Cotton Commodity Survey 15 sites in cotton growing areas North Florida / panhandle region Install 1 bucket trap for each lepidopteran pest H. armigera, S. littoralis, S. litura Pest-specific pheromone baits are used in each bucket trap. Survey to commence late March / early April 2013 Bucket traps to be serviced every 2 4 weeks During trap service visits, visual survey for Oxycarenus hyalinipennis, Achatina fulica, and Monacha spp. will also take place. Survey will end at harvest October 2013

34 Potato Cyst Nematode Survey

35 Potato Cyst Nematodes There are two species of potato cyst nematodes. Globodera rostochiensis (the golden nematode). Globodera pallida (the pale cyst nematode). Their success is due to: - Long association and coevolution with host. - Adaptability to environmental conditions. - High reproductive potential. - Ability to survive adverse conditions for long periods of time. (as much as ten years)

36 Counties Surveyed for PCN Charlotte Collier Lee Manatee Miami-Dade Osceola Okeechobee St. Johns Suwannee Flagler Putnam

37 Nursery Survey Targets Epiphyas postvittana Light Brown Apple Moth (LBAM) Spodoptera litura Cotton Cutworm Spodoptera littoralis Egyptian Cottonworm Lymantria dispar European Gypsy Moth Lymantria mathura Rosy Gypsy Moth

38 Nursery Survey Targets Helicoverpa armigera Cotton Bollworm Lobesia botrana European Grape Vine Moth (EGVM) Halyomorpha halys Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB) Bagrada hilaris Bagrada bug

39 Adult LBAM Male Female

40 Examples of LBAM Damage Pear Citrus Fruit Strawberry Larva within leaf roll Rose

41 LBAM Host Plants LBAM has been recorded feeding on over 250 plant species including: apple, grape, pear, peach, apricot, nectarine, citrus, persimmon, cherry, almond, avocado, oak, willow, walnut, poplar, cottonwood, coast redwood, pine, eucalyptus, grape, kiwifruit, strawberry, berries (blackberry, blueberry, boysenberry, raspberry), corn, pepper, tomato, pumpkin, beans, cabbage, carrot, alfalfa, rose, camellia, jasmine, chrysanthemum, clover, and plantain

42 Objectives Survey and monitor environs in and around nurseries and cut flower facilities receiving plant material from LBAM positive counties in California.

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44 2013 Nursery Survey Target Pests Spodoptera litura Cotton Cutworm Spodoptera littoralis Egyptian Cottonworm K. Kiritani (JP) Courtesy of Bilule

45 2013 Nursery Survey Target Pests Helicoverpa armigera Cotton Bollworm UGA

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49 Collaboration Etc. Etc. Etc.

50 Collaboration Technical advice Improved trapping techniques Attractants Expertise Assistance Deploy prototype/pilot projects Data collecting, mapping Interagency communication Research, extension, industry, private consultants

51 Cooperators FDACS-DPI FDACS-DOF FDACS-ALE USDA-APHIS-PPQ USDA-CPHST UF-IFAS FL-DEP FL-DOT DHS-CBP FL FWC SFWMD DERM ECISMA Producers County Parks Broward, Palm Beach, Miami-Dade, Lee Orange, Pinellas, Hillsborough, Hardee & Sarasota Glades Crop Care Ah-Tah-Thi-Ki Museum, Seminole Tribe of Florida Miccosukee Tribe of Florida

52 Cooperators Audubon Society Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary Camp Venice Retreat Peace River Campground Riverside RV Resort Archbold Biological Station KOA Fisheating Creek Campground US-NPS - Big Cypress, Everglades & Biscayne Billie s Swamp Safari Fairchild Tropical Gardens Key West Tropical Botanical Gardens Army Corps of Engineers CDFA Institute for Regional Conservation Montgomery Botanical Center

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