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1 LandswithWildernessCharacteristics IntheBureauofLandManagement RoyalGorgeFieldOffice: RockyMountainBighornSheepintheBrownsCanyonSouthproposedLWCPhoto:JohnSztukowski SubmittedtotheBLMRoyalGorgeFieldOfficeonMay6,2015by 2013H2015

2 LandswithWildernessCharacteristics IntheBureauofLandManagement RoyalGorgeFieldOffice: Submittedby: WildConnections 2168PheasantPlace,ColoradoSprings,CO80909 Preparedby: JohnSztukowski,WildlandsInventoryCoordinator,WildConnections TableofContents Introduction...2 Methodology...4 WildConnections proposedlandswithwildernesscharacteristicsinblm sroyalgorge FieldOfficeregion...6 MapofLWCUnitsinBLM sroyalgorgefieldoffice...8 MapofLWCUnitsalongtheArkansasRiverCorridor...9 MapofLWCUnitsinSouthPark...10 CreditsandAcknowledgments...11 Copyright...12 ListofReferences

3 Introduction TheBureauofLandManagement(BLM)RoyalGorgeFieldOffice(RGFO)manages680,000acres ofpubliclandsincentralandeasterncolorado.muchofthislandisinthearkansasriver CanyonlandscorridorfromSalida,COtoCañonCity,CO,neartheiconicRoyalGorge,whichthe fieldofficeisnamedafter.howeverotherblmlandinthisregionstretchesnorthintolakeand ParkCounties,southtothesouthernendoftheSangredeCristoMountains,andeasttotheFront Rangeandbeyondtotheeasternplains. ThelandthattheBLMRGFOmanagesisverydiverse.Muchofthisland,particularlyinthe ArkansasRivercorridor,consistsofpinionpine,junipers,andsagebrushintheloweraltitudes, withmanycliffsandgulchesthatsupportriparianlifeanddeciduoustreessuchasgambeloaks andnarrowleafcottonwoods.aselevationsincrease,middelevationmixedforestsofponderosa pine,coloradobluespruce,douglasfir,andquakingaspentakehold,andoftengivewayto montanegrasslandsnearthemountaintops. Manyanimalspeciesmakeseasonalandpermanenthomesinthisvastlandscape.Largemammals livinginthisregionincluderockymountainbighornsheep,blackbear,elk,muledeer,whited taileddeer,pronghorn,mountainlion,andswiftfox.manybirdspeciestakerefugeinthisregion aswell,includingthebaldeagleandtheamericanperegrinefalcon,whicharelistedasspeciesof mostconcern,andthethreatenedspeciesmexicanspottedowl. TheBLMRGFOregionencompassesanumberofexistingWildernessStudyAreas(WSAs)totaling approximately77,765acres.however,therearemanymorewildlandsinthisregionthatoffer thepotentialtoconserveexceptionalwildernessandwildlifeincentralcolorado,aswellas protectingoutstandingprimitiverecreationalopportunities.inthefaceofincreasedenergy developmentincolorado,particularlyoilandgas,aswellaseverdgrowingrecreationaluseand militaryoperationspressures,itisevermoreimperativetoidentifyandpreservecolorado s uniquepublicwildlands. InMarch2012,theBLMissuednewmanuals,Manuals6310and6320,forinventoryingand managinglandswithwildernesscharacteristics(lwcs)onthepubliclands.thesemanuals providetheagency sregionalfieldofficeswithdirectionforimplementingitslegalobligationsto inventorythepubliclandsforwildernesscharacteristicsunderthefederallandandpolicyact (FLPMA).Manual6310,ConductingWildernessCharacteristicsInventoryonBLMLands,sets guidelinesonassessingandinventoryinglandsforwildernesscharacteristics.manual6320, ConsideringLandswithWildernessCharacteristicsintheBLMLandUsePlanningProcess,guides theblmonaddressingidentifiedlandswithwildernesscharacteristicsinplanningprocesses. Additionally,FLPMAincludesaprovisionthatBLM preserveandprotectcertainpubliclandsin theirnaturalcondition (43U.S.C. 1701(a)(8)). BLMManual6310furtherstatesthattheBLMregionalofficemustreviewacitizenDsubmitted landswithwildernesscharacteristicsinventorythatmeetstheminimumstandardforreviewof newinformation.thefollowingreportmeetstheminimumstandardsbecauseitincludesmapsof sufficientdetail,detailednarrativesthatdescribethewildernesscharacteristicsofthearea(and 2

4 3 documentshowtheinformationdiffersfromthatofthe BLMinventory),andphotographicdocumentation(BLM Manual6310at.06(B)(1)(b)).Furthermore,Manual 6310statesthattheBLMmust documenttherationale forthefindings,makethefindingsavailabletothe public,andretainarecordoftheevaluationandthe findingsasevidenceoftheblm sconsideration (BLM Manual6310at.06(B)(2)). From2013D2015,WildConnectionsinventoried potentiallandswithwildernesscharacteristicsinthe RoyalGorgeFieldOfficeregion,usingthenewBLM manualsasguidelines.ourinventoryteamscompleted fieldinventoryonabout290,000acresofpotentiallands withwildernesscharacteristics.weassessedthese landsbasedonthecriteriaandpoliciessetforthin Manual6310.Therefore,weinventoriedbasedonsize oftheunit,qualitiesofnaturalness,outstanding opportunitiesforsolitudeorprimitiveandunconfined recreation,andsupplementalvalues.establishingmore than1,200geotaggedphotopointswithdetailedfield notes,wealsodocumentedboundaryroads, cherrystemedroadsandotherroutes,additional infrastructure,terrainandecology,andotherfactors thatmaydemonstratetheimportanceofmanaging specificareasforprotection. ThelandsdescribedinthisreportmeettheBureauof LandManagement scriteriaforwilderness characteristics,andpossessoutstandingwilderness qualitiesthatdeserveprotectionfromactivitiesanduses thatwouldotherwisedegradetheirwildernessvalues. WeurgetheBLMRoyalGorgeFieldOfficetoreevaluate itsowninventoryoftheseareastoconservethe exceptionalwildernessqualitiesthattheyprovide.we believethatwildconnections inventoriesclearly demonstratethattheseareasmeetblm scriteriafor LandswithWildernessCharacteristicsinaccordance withblmmanual6310,andwerequestthateachof theseareasbeaddedtoblm slwcinventory. TurkeyCreek,BeaverCreekWSAEast ContiguousUnits Photo:JohnStansfield

5 4 Methodology Inearly2013,WildConnectionsconductedaninitial Desktop inventory,usingaerialimagery andgisanalysis,toidentifypriorityareasintheroyalgorgefieldofficeregionthatmayqualify forlandswithwildernesscharacteristicsbasedonthesizecriteria.from2013to2015,wild ConnectionsconductedcitizenDledinventoriesinto27ofthesepriorityareas,totaling approximately290,000acres,followingtheprotocolsandcriteriainblmmanual6310, ConductingWildernessInventoriesonBLMLands.WildConnectionsfoundlandswithwilderness characteristicstotalingapproximately246,000acresover24areasinthergforegion. InFebruary2014,theBLMRoyalGorgeFieldOfficereleaseditsLandswithWilderness CharacteristicsInventoryUpdate,whichidentified40individualpolygonstotaling77,765acresas potentiallandswithwildernesscharacteristics.theblminventoried89totalareasforlandswith wildernesscharacteristics,totaling257,324.9acres.wildconnections citizendledinventory confirmsmanyconclusionsoftheblm sinitialinventory;however,itrevealsthatnumerous significantgapsexistintheblm sinventory. WhileweappreciatetheinventoryeffortsmadebytheBLMtoidentifypotentiallandswith wildernesscharacteristics,themethodbywhichtheseareaswereidentifiedhasledtoerrors, whichuntilrectified,rendertheinventoryinadequatetoinformplanningdecisions.specifically, weidentifyfourmajorissuesarisingfromtheblm sinventorythatshouldbeaddressedasblm refinesandupdatesthelwcinventory: 1) TheBLMusesan overlystrictapproachtoassessingnaturalness inthelandswith wildernesscharacteristicsinventory,whichiscautionedagainstinmanual6310.the BLMdoesnotfindnaturalnessonmanyoftheunitsthatwereinventoriedduetocumulative minorhumanimpacts.asnotedabove,theblmdoesnotprovidesufficientevidenceto supportmanyoftheseassertions.furthermore,blmmanual6310requiresthat, Caution shouldbeusedinassessingtheeffectofrelativelyminorhumanimpactsonnaturalness. Somehumanworksareacceptablesolongastheyaresubstantiallyunnoticeable.Avoidan overlystrictapproachtoassessingnaturalness (BLMManual6310at.06(C)(2)(b)(ii)(2)). AdditionallyitshouldbenotedthatBLMManual6310referstonaturalnessastowhetheror notanarealooksnaturaltotheaveragevisitor(blmmanual6310at.06(c)(2)(b)(ii)(1)(b)). Mostimportant,theBLM sstrictuseofnaturalnessappearstobederivedfromonly inventoryingimpactedareasofaunit.themajorityoftheblmfieldinventoriesdonot venturefrommotorizedroutes,failingtoinventorythegreaterunitasawhole,includingthe naturalareasthatpredominantlycomprisetheseunits.lastlythereappeartobe inconsistenciesinblm sreportsfromunittounitwithregardtodeterminingtheeffectsof humanimpactsonnaturalness. 2) ManyoftheLWCunitreportsdonotprovidethenecessaryphotoandgeoHreferenced datathatisrequiredinblmmanual6310.theblmdismissesmanyunits,assertingthat theunitsdonotmeetthenaturalnesscharacteristicsprotocollaidoutinblmmanual6310. However,theBLMdoesnotprovidephotodocumentationorgeographiclocationtosupportits assertionsasrequiredinthe WildernessCharacteristicsInventoryProcess sectionofblm

6 5 Manual6310(BLMManual6310at.06(B)(4)).TheBLMRoyalGorgeFieldOfficedoesnot providephotoorgeodataon30ofthe62individualareasthatwerenotfoundaslandswith wildernesscharacteristics,includinglargeareassuchasupperredcanyon(cofd020d070da) andnorthofcotopaxi(cofd020d056).furthermore,blmreportsthatdoprovidephotoand geodreferenceddataaretypicallyinsufficienttosupportreportassertionsthatdeemanentire unitunnatural,forexampleatechocanyon(cofd020d019),thirtyonedmilemountain(cofd 020D061),CramptonMountain(COFD020D049),EightmileMountain(COFD020D050),andRace Path(COFD020D054). 3) SomeoftheBLMdefinedboundariesdonotmeetthecriteriaforboundarydelineation laidoutinblmmanual6310.manual6310statesthattheboundarydelineationforalwc unit isgenerallybasedonthepresenceofwildernessinventoryroads (BLMManual6310at.06(C)(1)).TheBLMdefinesawildernessinventoryroadasavehicleroutethathas been improvedandmaintainedbymechanicalmeanstoensurerelativelyregularandcontinuous use (BLMManual6310at.07).A way thatiseithersolely maintained bythepassageof vehicles,isusedregularlybutnotmaintained,orwasoriginallyconstructedusingmechanical meansbutnolongerbeingmaintainedbymechanicalmeansisnotaroad(ibid).theblm generallyusedtheabovedefinitionstodetermineunitboundaries;however,therearesome unitswhereanarbitraryboundarylinewasdrawn,excludingcontiguouslandswith wildernesscharacteristics,forexampleinbadgercreeknorth(cofd020d018),bearmountain (COFD020D071),CooperMountain(COFD020D017),andRedCanyon(COFD020D070). 4) TheBLMinventorydoesnotmakeanyattemptstoexcludehumanimpactsbyredrawing unitboundaries.therearesomeunitswherethehumanimpactsareneartheboundariesof theblminventoriedunit.theblmdismisseslargeareasfornotpossessingnaturalness characterduetohumanimpacts,whichcaneasilybeexcludedbyredrawingtheunit boundaries,forexampleracepath(cofd020d054),echocanyon(cofd020d019),northof Cotopaxi(COFD020D056),EightmileMountain(COFD020D050). Humanimpactsoutsidethe areawillnotnormallybeconsideredinassessingnaturalnessofanarea (BLMManual6310at.06(C)(2)(b)(iii)). InordertoinventorytheboundaryandinteriorroadsandrouteswithinapotentialLWCunit,and toproperlyassessiftheymeetthecriteriaforwildernessinventoryroads,wildconnectionsspent thespringof2013throughthespringof2015visitingeachpossiblelwcunitanddocumenting routeconditions.duringthistime,wildconnectionsutilizednewtechnologiesincludingipad Minis,withinternalGPSunits,topreciselyassessBLMboundarydelineations,suchasroutes constructedandmaintainedbymechanicalmeanstoensureregularandcontinuoususe,aswellas substantiallynoticeablehumanimpacts,andotherqualifyingfeatures.weinventoried approximately290,000acresofblmlands,takingover3,300geotaggedphotosintheprocess, andmaderoutedeterminationsoncountlessroadsandways. Thisreportisintendedasaresourceforpubliclandagencies,conservationists,andother interestedpartieswhoareconcernedwithsustainablemanagementandprotectionofwildernessd qualitylands,wildlifehabitatandlinkages,nativespecies,andprimitiverecreationopportunities foundontheselands.wildconnectionshastakengreatcaretoensuretheaccuracyofour

7 fieldwork,butwewouldbepleasedtodiscussanysubstantivedocumentationthatwouldimprove thedata.weareconfidentthattheinformationcollectedandcondensedintoreportformathere isthemostextensiveinventoryeffortconductedforthisfieldofficetodate,andshouldprovide invaluableinformationtotheblmandtothepublicabouttheareaswithinthergfothatmeetthe criteriaforlwcs. Wewillcontinuetoupdateandamendourinventoryasmoreinformationand/orresources becomeavailabletous. WildConnections proposedlandswithwildernesscharacteristicsinblm s RoyalGorgeFieldOfficeregion MapID Name BLMLWCID Acres 1" Reinecker"Ridge" COF/020/082" "4,310"" 2" Beaver"Creek"WSA"East"Contiguous"Units:"Crown"Point" COF/020/006" "152"" 2" Beaver"Creek"WSA"East"Contiguous"Units:"Little"Fountain"Creek" COF/020/007" "192"" 2" Beaver"Creek"WSA"East"Contiguous"Units:"Turkey"Creek" COF/020/009" "2,444"" 3" Beaver"Creek"WSA"West"Contiguous"Units:"East"Fork" COF/020/035" "935"" 3" Beaver"Creek"WSA"West"Contiguous"Units:"East"Fork"Creek" COF/020/062" "1,268"" 3" Beaver"Creek"WSA"West"Contiguous"Units:"NE"Phantom"Canyon" COF/020/063" "1,187"" 3" Beaver"Creek"WSA"West"Contiguous"Units:"NE"Steel"Bridge" COF/020/036" "549"" 3" Beaver"Creek"WSA"West"Contiguous"Units:"NW"corner" COF/020/020" "59"" 3" Beaver"Creek"WSA"West"Contiguous"Units:"Red"Rock"Subdivision" COF/020/010" "146"" 3" Beaver"Creek"WSA"West"Contiguous"Units:"S1" COF/020/033" "208"" 3" Beaver"Creek"WSA"West"Contiguous"Units:"S2" COF/020/011" "40"" 3" Beaver"Creek"WSA"West"Contiguous"Units:"SE"Phanton"Canyon"Road" COF/020/034" "589"" 4" Cooper"Mountain" COF/020/017/COF/020/017/A" "25,523"" 5" Booger"Red/Bare"Hills/The"Bank" COF/020/070/COF/020/070/A" "23,054"" 6" Thompson/Gribble/Twin"Mountains" COF/020/050" "19,214"" 7" Cottonwood"Creek" COF/020/049" "5,120"" 8" Thirtyone"Mile"Mountain" COF/020/061" "7,514"" 9" Waugh"Mountain" COF/020/041" "5,591"" 10" Browns"Canyon"South" COF/020/005" "2,448"" 11" Chipeta"Pahlone"Foothills" "" "2,886"" 12" Table"Mountain"Echo"Canyon" COF/020/019" "31,633"" 13" Bear"Mountain/West"Table"Mountain" COF/020/071//A//B" "13,296"" 14" Badger"Creek/Jack"Hall"Mountain" COF/020/018/COF/020/069" "12,248"" 15" Sand"Gulch/Falls"Gulch"Mountain" COF/020/056" "17,558"" 16" Badger"Creek"South" COF/020/022" "8,147"" 17" Sangre"de"Cristo"Foothills"Contiguous"Units:"Bear"Gulch" COF/020/058" "277"" 17" Sangre"de"Cristo"Foothills"Contiguous"Units:"Box"Canyon" "" "1,449"" 6

8 17" Sangre"de"Cristo"Foothills"Contiguous"Units:"Castle"Gardens" "" "713"" 17" Sangre"de"Cristo"Foothills"Contiguous"Units:"Cottonwood"Creek" COF/020/089" "496"" 17" Sangre"de"Cristo"Foothills"Contiguous"Units:"East"Kerr"Gulch" COF/020/065" "1,854"" 17" Sangre"de"Cristo"Foothills"Contiguous"Units:"Kerr"Gulch" COF/020/040" "342"" 17" Sangre"de"Cristo"Foothills"Contiguous"Units:"Mosher"Creek" "" "225"" 17" Sangre"de"Cristo"Foothills"Contiguous"Units:"Palmer"Gulch" "" "71"" 17" Sangre"de"Cristo"Foothills"Contiguous"Units:"Pole"Gulch" COF/020/038" "1,592"" 17" Sangre"de"Cristo"Foothills"Contiguous"Units:"South"Howard" COF/020/067" "605"" 17" Sangre"de"Cristo"Foothills"Contiguous"Units:"Taylor"Gulch" "" "1,109"" 18" Grand"Canyon"Hills" COF/020/061" "5,008"" 19" McIntyre"Hills"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Copper"Gulch" COF/020/008" "672"" 19" McIntyre"Hills"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"McIntyre"Gulch" COF/020/039" "1,857"" 19" McIntyre"Hills"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"McIntyre"Gulch"SE" COF/020/039" "300"" 19" McIntyre"Hills"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Poverty"Mountain" COF/020/048" "3,358"" 19" McIntyre"Hills"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Road"Gulch" COF/020/076" "3,120"" 19" McIntyre"Hills"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Sheep"Basin" COF/020/047" "203"" 19" McIntyre"Hills"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Texas"Creek"Gulch" COF/020/046" "2,416"" 20" Grape"Creek"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"War"Dance"Mine" COF/020/012" "459"" 20" Grape"Creek"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Pierce"Gulch" COF/020/013" "242"" 20" Grape"Creek"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Iron"Mountain" COF/020/051" "28"" 20" Grape"Creek"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Westfall"Gulch" COF/020/014" "113"" 20" Grape"Creek"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Bull"Domingo"West" COF/020/015" "236"" 20" Grape"Creek"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Horseshoe"Mt/Adamic" COF/020/030" "147"" 20" Grape"Creek"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Marsh"Gulch" COF/020/016" "479"" 20" Grape"Creek"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"East"Pierce"Gulch" COF/020/021" "815"" 20" Grape"Creek"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Goat"Park" COF/020/023" "138"" 20" Grape"Creek"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Dead"Mule" COF/020/025" "1,788"" 20" Grape"Creek"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"BH"Subdivison" COF/020/026" "41"" 20" Grape"Creek"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Horseshoe"Mt/Adamic"2" COF/020/031" "74"" 20" Grape"Creek"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Susie's"Ridge" COF/020/088" "2,831"" 20" Grape"Creek"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Hellgateway"North" COF/020/028" "42"" 20" Grape"Creek"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"Pine"Gulch" COF/020/024" "391"" 20" Grape"Creek"WSA"Contiguous"Units:"North"of"Bear"Gulch,"Grape"Creek" COF/020/029" "348"" 21" Backdoor"Gulch" COF/020/054" "6,720"" 22" Cucharas"Canyon" COF/020/042" "6,061"" 23" Badito"Cone"Units:"Apache"Creek" COF/020/003" "326"" 23" Badito"Cone"Units:"Arroyo"Hondo" COF/020/002" "535"" 23" Badito"Cone"Units:"Badito"Cone"South" COF/020/001/COF/020/001/A" "5,813"" 23" Badito"Cone"Units:"Badito"Cone"West" COF/020/087" "954"" 24" Stanley"Creek/Green"Mountain" COF/020/037" "5,474"" ProposedLWCreportPDFsandmapsavailableat: 7

9 MapofLWCUnitsinBLM sroyalgorgefieldoffice 8

10 MapofLWCUnitsalongtheArkansasRiverCorridor 9

11 10 MapofLWCUnitsinSouthPark

12 CreditsandAcknowledgments WildConnections WildConnectionsisdedicatedtoprotectingthenetworkofwildlandsthatwillsustain biodiversity,wildlifeandwildlifehabitatforourownandfuturegenerationsincentralcolorado, specificallytheupperarkansasandsouthplatterwatersheds. WildConnectionswasestablishedin1995tomaproadlessareasofthePikeDSanIsabelNational ForestandadjacentlargeBLMroadlessareas.Trainedvolunteersmappedmorethan100areas, andincorporatedthisinformation,biologicaldataandinputfromlocalworkshopsintothewild ConnectionsConservationPlan.ThisscienceDbasedregionalecosystemstrategyispartofthe networkofwildlandsinwesternnorthamerica. Thankstoouractivevolunteermemberboardfortheircontributionsonthisproject: JimLockhart,President JohnStansfield,VicePresident AlisonGallensky,Treasurer/Secretary MisiBallard JohnChapman TomMowle ClaudeNeumann DebOvern LeePatton KristinSkoog JeanSmith,FounderandBoardMemberEmeritus TodBacigalupi,formerboardmember TheWildernessSociety TheWildernessSociety(TWS)isanAmericanconservationorganizationthatworkstoprotectour nation ssharedwildlands.theyhaveconductedlandswithwildernesscharacteristicsinventories forotherregionalblmfieldoffices,andhavebeenaninvaluableresourceforourorganization. AlsothankstoSorenJespersen,JuliSlivkaandtheirBLMActionCenterforprovidingresources andfeedbackthroughoutthisproject. RockyMountainWild RockyMountainWild(RMW)protectsthebiologicaldiversityoftheRockyMountainWest. ThankstoAlisonGallenskyforherGISconsulting,creatingtheLWCoverviewandindividualunit maps,andprovidinganassessmentofbiologicalimpact(abi)foreachoftheinventoriedareas. EcoFlight BasedoutofAspen,CO,EcoFlighteducatesandadvocatesfortheprotectionofremainingwild landsandwildlifehabitatthroughtheuseofsmallaircraft.weofferaspecialthankstoecoflight s founderandpilotbrucegordonandprogramcoordinatormichaelgormanfortheflightoversixof ourprioritylwcareas,garneringbeautifulaerialviewsandprovidingclarityondifficulttoaccess areas. 11

13 WildConnectionsMappingInternsandVolunteers Wewouldliketothankour2013and2014summermappinginternsfortheirinvaluabletimeand servicespentonfieldpreparation,fieldmapping,andreportcomposition.our2013mapping internswerejaimiereiss(metrostateuniversity Denver),RyanMcCarley(MetroState University Denver),WillSchaar(MetroStateUniversity Denver),andJamesHowe(Denver University).Our2014mappinginternswereBrianSmith(MetroStateUniversity Denver), LarkinMcCormick(DenverUniversity),andJacobTwersky(ColoradoCollege).Their contributionsarenotedontherespectiveunitreportsthattheytooktheleadon. Inaddition,WildConnectionstrained65volunteerswhocontributedcountlesshoursinthefield totheinventoryeffort.specialthankstoallofthosewhomadeacontributiontothisproject ThankstothefollowingorganizationsforcoordinatingvolunteertripswithWildConnections: CentralColoradoWildernessCoalition GreaterArkansasRiverNatureAssociation(GARNA) PikesPeakSierraClub FinancialSupportoverthelastcoupleofyearsmadeWildConnections citizenlandswith WildernessCharacteristicsinventoryoftheBLMRoyalGorgeFieldOfficeregionapossibility: FundforWildNature Individualdonors MakiFoundation Mt.EvansSierraClub NewDLandFoundation NorcrossWildlifeFund PatagoniaDenver PewCharitableTrust,WesternLandsInitiative Copyright Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformor byanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformation storageandretrievalsystemacknowledgementandconsentofwildconnectionsasthesource. PublishedbyWildConnections,ColoradoSprings,Colorado. Copyright 2015byWildConnections 12

14 ListofReferences ColoradoNaturalHeritageProgram.2015.CNHPPotentialConservationAreasReportsPage. ONLINE.Available: Apr.2015]. ColoradoParksWildlife.2015.StateTrustLands.ONLINE.Available: ColoradoParksWildlife.2015.StateTrustLandMaps.ONLINE.Available: ColoradoParksWildlife.2015.ColoradoHuntingAtlas.ONLINE.Available: Dickson,B.G.,L.J.Zachmann,C.M.Albano SystematicIdentificationofPotential ConservationPriorityAreasonRoadlessBureauofLandManagementLandsinthe WesternUnitedStates. BiologicalConservation178:117D127. Omernik,J.M.,G.E.Griffith.2008.EcoregionsofColorado(EPA).ONLINE.Available: RockyMountainWild.2015.AssessmentofBiologicalImpact(ABI)Screen.ONLINEAvailable: SodaMountainWildernessCouncil,KlamathDSiskiyouWildlandsCenter,OrgeonWild,andThe WildernessSociety.2013.LandswithWildernessCharaccterReportfortheGreenSprings MountainWildArea.Ashland,OR. UnitedStatesDepartmentoftheInteriorBureauofLandManagement.1980.ProposedWilderness StudyAreas:ColoradoBLMIntensiveWildernessInventory.Denver,CO. UnitedStatesDepartmentoftheInteriorBureauofLandManagement.2001.TheFederalLand PolicyandManagementActof1976:AsAmended.Washington,DC. UnitedStatesDepartmentoftheInteriorBureauofLandManagement.2012.BLMManual6310 ConductingWildernessCharacteristicsInventoryonBLMLands(Public).Washington,DC. UnitedStatesDepartmentoftheInteriorBureauofLandManagement.2012.BLMManual6320 ConsideringLandswithWildernessCharacteristicsintheBLMLandUsePlanningProcess (Public).Washington,DC. UnitedStatesDepartmentoftheInteriorBureauofLandManagement.2013.BLMRoyalGorge FieldOfficeWildernessCharacteristicsInventory2013:Results.ONLINE.Available: 13

15 haracteristics.html[20apr.2015]. UnitedStatesDepartmentoftheInteriorBureauofLandManagement.2015.ColoradoACECs. ONLINE.Available: Apr.2015]. UnitedStatesDepartmentoftheInteriorBureauofLandManagement.2015.ColoradoHunting FAQ.ONLINE.Available: l[20apr.2015]. UnitedStatesDepartmentoftheInteriorBureauofLandManagement.2015.ColoradoWilderness StudyAreas.ONLINE.Available: as.html[20apr.2015]. UnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey.2015.ColoradoGeologicalMapData.ONLINE.Available: TheWildernessSocietyandConservationColorado.2013.LandswithWildernessCharacteristicsin thewhiteriverfieldoffice:atourofwildernessvaluesandthecaseforprotection.denver, CO. TheWildernessSocietyandConservationColorado.2013.LandswithWildernessCharacteristics Recommendations:NorthIslandMesa.Denver,CO. Zachmann,L.J.,B.G.Dickson,andC.M.Albano.2014.Shapefiledepictingconservationpriority areasonbureauoflandmanagementlandsinthe11westernstates.thepewcharaitable Trusts.ONLINE.Available: 14