Table 1: National and regional public and private ampelographic collections. INIAV Pub. 38º 41 N. in renovation 754 9º 18 W

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1 Status Report of Vitis germplasm in PORTUGAL Jorge Cunha and J.E.J. EirasDias INIAV, Quinta d Almoinha, Dois Portos. Portugal 1. Importance of the Viticulture in the country Grapes are the most economically important fruit species in Portugal. The surface used by vineyards is around 4.9 % of the arable land, representing 240,000 ha, being the 7th area biggest in the world and the 4th in the European Union. Wine production occupies 236,880 ha and table grapes 3,120 ha. In 2011 Portugal produced 5.9 million hectolitres of which 2.9 million hectolitres were exported, making the country the 12th world wine producer. The total production of table grapes was around 430,000 qx. Raisins production is not significant in Portugal. 2. Collections or germplasm banks for Vitis List of national collections for Vitis, indicating the number of: 1) Vitis vinifera accessions; 2) other Vitis species; 3) rootstocks; 4) interspecific hybrids. Table 1: National and regional public and private ampelographic collections Management Owner Coordinates Number of Lat/Long accessions Observations INIAV Pub. 39º 04 N in renovation 754 9º 18 W INIAV Pub. 38º 41 N transfer to 180 9º 19 W PRT051 DRAAlg Pub. 37º 07 N 129 wine 7º 39 W 76 table in renovation DRAN DRAC Pub. Pub. 41º 10 N 40º 31 N Santa Bárbara Nelas 7º 33 W 7º 51 W DRAC Pub. 40º18' N local Lamaçais 7º23' W cultivars DRAC Pub. 46º26' N local Anadia 8º26' W cultivars DRAN Pub. 41º22'N local Sergude 8º10'W cultivars JMF, Wine ESPORÃO, Priv. Priv. 38º 32 N 38º 23 N Company Wine Company 8º 58 W 7º 33 W being installed PORVID Con. 38º 38 N each variety 12 8º 38 W with 300 clones UTAD Pub. 41º 17 N 7º 44 W local cultivars CVRVV Pub. 41º48' N 8º24' W local cultivars Con. = Consortium Pub. = Public Priv. = Private International Code PRT 051 PRT 010 PRT 068 PRT 078 PRT 079 1

2 The National Ampelografic Collection (PRT051) holds 691 accessions of Vitis vinifera ssp vinifera; 30 accessions of Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris; 24 accessions of rootstocks and nine of other Vitis species. 3. Status of characterization of the collections The National Ampelografic Collection (PRT051) was morphologically characterized with the OIV Descriptor List for Grape Varieties and Vitis species. The molecular characterization was made with, at least, the six nuclear SSRs recommended by OIV. Part of the grape varieties were characterized with 20 SSRs and the remaining are in progress. 4. References of germplasm collections or databases in internet The Portuguese ampelographic collections are not available in internet. 5. Main varieties in the country Six white plus ten red varieties represents more than 80% of the production: Arinto B Fernão Pires B Loureiro B Malvasia Fina B Malvasia Rei B Síria B Azal N Aragonez N Baga N Marufo N Rufete N Tinta Barroca N Touriga Franca N Touriga Nacional N Trincadeira N Vinhão N 6. Table grapes Main varieties cultivated for production of table grapes: Dona Maria B Itália B Rosaky B Alphonse Lavallée N Cardinal R Moscatel de Hamburgo N Red Globe N 7. Selection or breeding programmes in course In Portugal it has been considered of higher priority the selection of Portuguese grapevine varieties (for wine production) rather than to obtain new varieties. The selection has been carried out during the last 30 years as the aim to improve the viticultural and enological properties (namely yield, sugar content, flavor and anthocianins in the red cultivars). In order to minimize the genetic erosion resulting from the selection process, clonal fields of the main wine producing Portuguese cultivars were established. At present there are 70 grapevine clonal fields all around the country. These clonal populations, representing the variability of Portuguese grapevine varieties, are the result of casual selection in the prospecting missions. In the last three years grapevine breeding programs were begin with the main goal is to identify QTL associated with resistance to two of the most pernicious diseases infecting grapevine, PM and GLRaV3. The Powdery Mildew (PM) Erysiphe necator (Uncinula 2

3 necator (Schw.) Burr.), and Grapevine Leafroll associated Virus 3 (GLRaV 3), are two of the most severe biotic stresses in cultivated grapevine. The F1 progenies of two pseudotestcrosses from European Vitis vinifera L.. Wild Vines (WV Vitis vinifera ssp sylvestris are most tolerant to PM infection and most free to GLRaV3 diseases than Vitis vinifera varieties) x Touriga Nacional (TN Portuguese autochthonous cultivar, susceptible to PM infection and susceptible to GLRaV3) and TN x WV will be used to develop a linkage map that will be saturated using polymorphic molecular markers (SNP, SSRs and AFLPs). The obtained genetic map will be used for the identification and location of the QTL/ genes controlling the different resistance traits. The analysis of the QTL regions in the available Vitis vinifera sequenced genomes will allow the identification of putative candidate genes associated with tolerance/resistance to PM and GLRaV3. Extracted sequences will be used to amplify specific sequences and to analyse possible allelic association in the segregating populations. 8. Clonal selection status So far, we have registered a total of 122 clones from 27 different cultivars in the national grapevine catalogue (Table 2). 9. Catalogue or reliable publication with a list of the confirmed synonymies Currently the list of Vine varieties suitable for wine production in Portugal has the synonymies authorized to Portuguese varieties (Anexo Castas aptas à producao de vinho em Portugal in Diário da Republica nº /June/2000, page 3271). 10. Number of endangered cultivars Near 200 cultivars are in danger, because they are not propagated. 11. Main international varieties cultivated Three white plus six red cultivars: Chardonnay B Sauvignon B Semillon B Alicante Bouschet N Cabernet Sauvignon N Carignan N Merlot N Pinot Noir N Syrah N 12. Main rootstocks used R99 R110 SO4 140 RU 41B 1103P 3

4 Table 2: List of the certified Portuguese clones of grapevine cultivars. Obtainers Plansel UTL INIAV Variety clones JBP clones ISA clones EAN Alfrocheiro T 41 Alvarinho B 42; 43 44; 45; 46; 47 Antão Vaz B 50 Aragonez T 106; 110; 111; 114; ; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 60 Arinto B 34; 35; ; 37; 38; 39; 40 Bastardo T 48 Bical B 119 Castelão T 5; 25; 26 29; 30; 31; 32; 33 Cerceal Branco B 120 Fernão Pires B 1 68; 69; 70; 71; 72; 73; 74 Gouveio B 121; 122; 123 Jaen T 91; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97 Loureiro B 81; 82; 83; 84; 85 Malvasia Fina B ; 99; 100; 101; 102; 103; 104 Moreto T 51 Perrum B 128 Sercial B 49; 105 Síria B 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 80 Tinta Barroca T 9; 129 Tinta Caiada T 115; 116; 118 Touriga Franca T 24 Touriga Nacional T 16; 108; ; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23 Trajadura B 86; 87; 88; 89; 90 Trincadeira das Pratas B 124; 125; 126 Trincadeira T 6; 7; 8; ; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15 Vinhão T 61; 62; 63; 64; 65; 66; 67 Viosinho B 53 PE 1103 P 4 PE 110 R 2 PE 140 Ru 113 PE 99 R 3 3 Plansel/ JBP Plansel (Wine and Nursery Company) / Jorge Böhm Plansel UTL/ISA Universidade Técnica de Lisboa / Instituto Superior de Agronomia INIAV/ EAN Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária/ Estação Agronómica Nacional 4

5 13. Use of microsatellites in characterization. A systematic characterization of all the 340 varieties admitted for wine production in Portugal, including 243 autochthonous grape cultivars was done with the six nuclear SSRs recommended by OIV. These studies come to prove the synonyms and homonyms that previous morphologic descriptions had established in the past and also allowed the finding out of new synonyms. The autochthonous grapevine cultivars are to be evaluated with 20 SSR as recommended by Laucou et al., 2011 (Theoretical and Applied Genetics 122, ). 14. Sanitary status of the propagated material. The propagated material used in Portugal is under the EU regulation. The sanitary status of the National Ampelografic Collection (PRT051) was assessed for the principal viruses of grapevine (Arabic mosaic virus (ArMV), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), grapevine fleck virus (GFKV), grapevine leafroll associated virususes 1, 2, 3 and 7 (GLRaV 1, 2, 3 and 7) grapevine virus A (GVA) and grapevine virus B (GVB)). 15. Main reference publications related to Vitis varieties or clones. EirasDias, J.E., Rolando Faustino, Pedro Clímaco, Paula Fernandes, Amândio Cruz, Jorge Cunha, Manuela Veloso, Rogério de Castro, Catálogo das Castas para Vinho Cultivadas em Portugal, Vol. I, Instituto da Vinha e do Vinho, Lisboa. Böhm, J., M. Telles Antunes, R. Andrade, J. Mota Barroso, Maria J. Cabrita, Hélia Cardoso, J.E. EirasDias, L. Fernandes, P. Fevereiro, A. Figueiredo, Ó. Gato, Olga Laureano, V. Loureiro, A. Martins, N. Magalhães, G. Nulasco, H. Oliveira, M. Salomé Pais, A. Peixe, Cecília Rego, Ó. Sequeira, C. Sequeira, J. Ricardo da Silva, M. Manuela Veloso, Portugal vitícola. O Grande Livro das Castas. 229 p. Chaves Ferreira Publicações, Lisboa. 16. Occurrence of Vitis sylvestris in wild habitats All the wild vine populations found up to now in Portugal are found in riparian woods along small streams belonging to three large river basins: Tagus (Tejo in Portuguese), Guadiana and Sado (Table 3). The first two rivers are common to Portugal and Spain. Table 3: Vitis vinifera ssp sylvestris Portuguese populations data: river basin; geographic coordinates, elevation (in meters) estimated size of the population, and risk of extinction. Population River Reference Latitude Longitude Elevation Estimated size of the basin Code (meters) population PopRisk Stª Sofia MontemoroNovo Tagus 01*ª N W 306 [3040] 3 Pônsul Castelo Branco Tagus 02*ª N W 119 [3040] 7 Guadiana Mourão Guadiana 03ª N W Vale do Guiso Alcácer do Sal Sado 04*ª N W 49 [1020] 3 Portel Guadiana 05* N W 197 [2030] 7 Ardila Barrancos Guadiana N W 208 [2030] 5 Vendinha Évora Guadiana N W 163 [1020] 5 Pintada MontemoroNovo Tagus N W 204 [1020] 5 Fronteira Tagus N W 93 [1020] 5 Anta do Silval Évora Tagus N W 292 <10 5 Q. do Pinheiro MontemoroNovo Tagus N W 234 [2030] 5 S.José/Toutalga Moura Guadiana N W 176 [2030] 5 Enxota tordos Grândola Sado N W 34 >50 3 * Wild populations studied by [28, 29]/ ª Wild populations studied by [33] PopRisk (survival risk of the population ): 1= No Risk; 3= Some Risk; 5= Medium Risk; 7= At Risk; 9= Extinct 17. Realization of prospections (minor cultivars, clones, Vitis species) 5

6 Currently, in Portugal we have four projects for prospection and preservation of minor cultivars and clones. 18. Is particular attention paid to preservation of clones? At the present there are 73 fields where it is maintained the clonal variability of the main Portuguese varieties for wine production, which are considered autochthon to Portugal. Three additional fields were established for preservation of intraclonal variability of table grapes Dona Maria and Ferral. 19. Are there any organizations responsible for grape germplasm, e.g. linking gene banks or coordinating activities? The National Institute for Agricultural Research and Veterinary I. P. (INIAV) is the state laboratory whose mission is the pursuit of science policy and research to support public policies aimed at the enhancement of national biological resources. 20. Existence of national respectively regional programs/projects Currently, in Portugal we have four projects for prospection and preservation of minor cultivars and clones: 1) Project for Renewal and updating of the National Ampelographic Collection; 2) Project for Prospection and conservation of intravarietal genetic variability of autochthonous vine varieties in winegrowing regions of Lisbon, Tagus and the Setubal peninsula; 3) Project for Prospection, conservation and characterization of the genetic variability of autochthonous vine varieties in winegrowing regions of Alentejo and Algarve; 4) Project for Prospection and conservation of genetic variability of autochthonous vine varieties in winegrowing Central region. 6

Current status of Vitis sylvestris genetic resources in Portugal

Increasing the efficiency of conservation of wild grapevine genetic resources in Europe (InWiGrape project) Current status of Vitis sylvestris genetic resources in Portugal J. Eiras-Dias, João Brazão and