101 Is the species highly domesticated?

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1 Famil: Araliaceae Taxo: Polscias odosa Som: Aralia odosa Blume (basiom) Commo Name: jie jie a ag she Malapapaa Dog-boe Tree Kahili Tree Questioaire : curret Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: L Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, = Does the species have weed races? =1, = Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, = Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 Prit Date: 6/4/2012 Polscias odosa (Araliaceae) Page 1 of 7

2 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, = Hbridizes aturall =1, = Self-compatible or apomictic =1, = Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, = Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, 4+ ears = Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, = Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, = Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, = Propagules water dispersed =1, = Propagules bird dispersed =1, = Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, = Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, = Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, = Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, = Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, = Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: L WRA Score 0 Prit Date: 6/4/2012 Polscias odosa (Araliaceae) Page 2 of 7

3 Supportig Data: ASEAN Tropical Plat Database. Polscias [Is the species highl domesticated? No] No evidece odosa (Blume) Seem.. iew.jsp?ro=156&fo=&page=6&all= WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA ASEAN Tropical Plat Database. Polscias [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Java, Sulawesi, odosa (Blume) Seem.. Philippies, Moluccas, Lesser Suda Islads, New Guiea, ad Solomo Islads. I forests ad ope thickets, mostl at low altitudes." iew.jsp?ro=156&fo=&page=6&all= USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN) [Olie Database] ASEAN Tropical Plat Database. Polscias [Qualit of climate match data 2-High] odosa (Blume) Seem.. iew.jsp?ro=156&fo=&page=6&all= Steeis, C.G.G.J. va (ed.). Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 9. Martius Nijhoff/Dr. W. Juk Publishers, The Hague/Bosto/Lodo CSIRO. Australia Tropical Raiforest Plats Editio 6 [olie database] - Polscias odosa. server/data/0e0f d d07080d04/media/html/taxo/polscias_odo sa.htm Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Malapapaa - Polscias odosa. [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] " Native: ASIA-TROPICAL: Malesia: Idoesia - Celebes, Iria Jaa, Java, Lesser Suda Islads, Moluccas; Papua New Guiea; Philippies PACIFIC Southwester Pacific: Solomo Islads" [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "Ope thickets ad raiforest, mostl at low altitudes ad o small islads, but recorded to 1000 m." [Mostl low elevatio tropical climates] [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No evidece] "Occurs i CYP ad NEQ ad southwards to coastal cetral Queeslad. A rare species kow ol from a few collectios at Iro Rage, Hutchiso Creek, Kurada Rage, Edmoto, Missio Beach ad Cowa. Altitudial rage from ear sea level to 300 m. Grows i gaps i well developed lowlad rai forest. Also occurs i the Solomo Islads ad Malesia." [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "Hardiess: USDA Zoe 10b: to 1.7 C (35 F) USDA Zoe 11: above 4.5 C (40 F)" ASEAN Tropical Plat Database. Polscias [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Java, odosa (Blume) Seem.. Sulawesi, Philippies, Moluccas, Lesser Suda Islads, New Guiea, ad Solomo Islads. I forests ad ope thickets, mostl at low altitudes." iew.jsp?ro=156&fo=&page=6&all= USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Native: ASIA-TROPICAL: Malesia: Idoesia - Celebes, Iria Jaa, Java, Lesser Network - (GRIN) [Olie Database]. Suda Islads, Moluccas; Papua New Guiea; Philippies PACIFIC Southwester Pacific: Solomo Islads" Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex. [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Yes] "Five species are fairl commo i Hawaii, with a sixth (P. odosa) less commo." [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Yes] "Widel cultivated i Fujia (Fuzhou) ad Guagdog (Guagzhou) [ative to Malesia ad the Solomo Islads]. This species is used as a orametal." [Naturalized beod ative rage? No] No evidece Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Kha, N./Fl, [Naturalized beod ative rage? No] No evidece to date T.. Hawaiia Vascular Plat Updates: A Supplemet to the Maual of the Flowerig Plats of Hawai`i & Hawai`i's Fers & Fer Allies. iaflora/supplemet.htm Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No] No evidece Weeds - Idex Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex. [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No] No evidece Prit Date: 6/4/2012 Polscias odosa (Araliaceae) Page 3 of 7

4 Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex Rozefelds, A.C.F./Cave, L./Morris, D.I./Buchaa, A.M.. The Weed Ivasio i Tasmaia sice Australia Joural of Bota. 47: Queeslad Govermet. Weeds of Australia - Elderberr paax, Polscias sambucifolia b07-490a-8d c0f01/media/Html/Polscias_sambucifoli a.htm Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis [Evirometal weed? No] No evidece WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Allelopathic? Ukow] Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis Steves, A.M.. Kamus Legkap Idoesia Iggris. A Comprehesive Idoesia-Eglish Dictioar. Ohio Uiversit Press, Athes, OH [Cogeeric weed? Possibl] "Appedix 2. List of taxa itroduced i Tasmaia sice 1970" "Polscias sambucifolia" "Broad-leaved form established o roadsides, arrow-leaved form ma be ative (AMB)" [Cogeeric weed? Possibl] "Elderberr paax (Polscias sambucifolia) is regarded as a evirometal weed i Tasmaia." [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No] "Shrubs or trees, evergree, hermaphroditic, adromooecious or dioecious, uarmed, ofte glabrous, some with sharpl aromatic herbage." "Trees, to 25 m tall, dioecious. Leaves 1- or 2 piate; petiole ca. 30 cm, with a short sheathig base, ot claspig or alate; petiolules abset or ver short (leaflets sessile to subsessile); leaflets 21-33, ovate oblog, cm, paper, base rouded to trucate, margi shallowl create, apex apiculate." [Parasitic? No] "Trees, to 25 m tall, dioecious." [Araliaceae. Not parasitic] [Upalatable to grazig aimals? Possibl Palatable] "jaraa: various species of plat used as fodder, Crataeva urvala, Polscias odosa, Hiptage beghalesis." [No other iformatio o use of P. odosa as a fodder plat was foud] CSIRO. Australia Tropical Raiforest Plats Editio 6 [olie database] - Polscias odosa. server/data/0e0f d d07080d04/media/html/taxo/polscias_odo sa.htm [Toxic to aimals? Ukow] "The leaves are used to stupef fish. Philipso (1979)." [Ukow if this will affect large mammals] Florido, H.B./Sapla, J.C./Arcilla, R.P.. Reforestatio Species. Research Iformatio Series o Ecosstems. 3(4): Steeis, C.G.G.J. va (ed.). Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 9. Martius Nijhoff/Dr. W. Juk Publishers, The Hague/Bosto/Lodo Nellis, D.W.. Poisoous plats ad aimals of Florida ad the Caribbea. Pieapple Press Ic., Sarasota, FL Wagstaff, D.J.. Iteratioal poisoous plats checklist: a evidece-based referece. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL Florido, H.B./Sapla, J.C./Arcilla, R.P.. Reforestatio Species. Research Iformatio Series o Ecosstems. 3(4): Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Malapapaa - Polscias odosa. [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? Possibl] Diseases: Dampig-off Smptoms: Dampig-off occurs either before or after seedlig emergece. I post emergece dampig-off, ifected seedligs develop water soaked lesios at the base which dehdrate later, tur brow, wilt ad cause the seedligs to topple over. I ver crowded seedbeds, the cotledos ad the upper part of the stem ma tur brow ad die. Causal pathoge: Phtopthora, Pthium, Diplodia, Rhizoctoia ad Fusarium spp." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? Ukow. Medicial properties suggest potetial for iadvertet poisoig] "Uses. Used mediciall agaist purpuric fever ad to dela pregac (Midaao)." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? Ukow] "Polscias guilfolei" "Repeated cotact with the plat ma produce iflammatio ad a local or widespread rash. Sstemic allergic reactio with swellig is reported." [Related species shows evidece of toxicit] [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No evidece] [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No evidece] [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No evidece] [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Possibl] "Su Exposure: Su to Partial Shade" Prit Date: 6/4/2012 Polscias odosa (Araliaceae) Page 4 of 7

5 Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Malapapaa - Polscias odosa Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis McKezie, P./Brow, C./Jiaghua, S./Jia, W. (eds.). The uwelcome guests: Proceedigs of the Asia-Pacific Forest Ivasive Species Coferece. FAO, Bagkok, Thailad Ihalaie, L.. Improved Rubber Agroforestr Sstem RAS1 i West Kalimata, Idoesia Biodiversit ad Farmers' Perceptios. M.Sc. Thesis. Uiversit of Helsiki, Departmet of Forest Ecolog, Helsiki, Filad Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis Florido, H.B./Sapla, J.C./Arcilla, R.P.. Reforestatio Species. Research Iformatio Series o Ecosstems. 3(4): Florido, H.B./Sapla, J.C./Arcilla, R.P.. Reforestatio Species. Research Iformatio Series o Ecosstems. 3(4): [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? Possibl] "Soil ph requiremets: 6.1 to 6.5 (mildl acidic) 6.6 to 7.5 (eutral) 7.6 to 7.8 (mildl alkalie)" [Acidic to alkalie] [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] "Trees, to 25 m tall, dioecious." [Forms dese thickets? No evidece. I fact, Polscias odosa ad other trees appear to be outcompeted b o-atives] "While mahoga ivades regeeratig dipterocarp forests ad ma give the dipterocarps a hard time i competitio, the paper mulberr (*Broussoetia paprifera) also gives idigeous gap ad pioeer tree species ver kee competitio. Ocular observatio shows that where paper mulberr forms pure stad thickets, the usual idigeous pioeer tree species such as aabiog (Trema orietalis), biuga (Macaraga taarius), alim (Melaolepis multigladulosus), baato (Mallotus philippiesis), tibig (Ficus ota), hauili (F. septica), isis (F. ulmifolia), sablot (Litsea sebifera), pagurigo (Cratoxlo sumatraum), ad malapapaa (Polscias odosa) are ot preset." [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] "Aex 2. Average seedlig desit (ha-1) per famil ad species i the RAS1 stud sites, tpe ad habitat of the species (x=occurs, (x)=occurs occasioall). Families are arraged i descedig order of seedlig desit." [Polscias odosa = 42 / hectare] [Aquatic? No] "Trees, to 25 m tall, dioecious." [Terrestrial tree] [Grass? No] Araliaceae [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Araliaceae WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Hbridizes aturall? Ukow] [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No] "Trees, to 25 m tall, dioecious. Leaves 1- or 2 piate; petiole ca. 30 cm, with a short sheathig base, ot claspig or alate; petiolules abset or ver short (leaflets sessile to subsessile); leaflets 21 33, ovate-oblog, cm, paper, base rouded to trucate, margi shallowl create, apex apiculate. Iflorescece termial, erect, a paicle of heads; primar axis cm, secodar axes cm, peducles 6 15 mm, with heads of hermaphroditic flowers. Ovar 5-carpellate; stles free, spreadig. Fruit subglobose, ca. 4 mm high." [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No] No evidece [Produces viable seed? Yes] "Malapapaa is propagated b seeds." Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis Steeis, C.G.G.J. va (ed.). Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 9. Martius Nijhoff/Dr. W. Juk Publishers, The Hague/Bosto/Lodo [Self-compatible or apomictic? Presumabl No] "Trees, to 25 m tall, dioecious." [Requires specialist polliators? No evidece] "Iflorescece a diffuse paicle; primar axis up to c. 60 cm with secodar braches mostl i verticils at itervals alog its legth; secodar braches up to 30 cm bearig umbellules i a irregularl brached sstem towards their extremities; umbellules with flowers o pedicels c. 3 mm log. Calx a miute rim. Petals 5, 2 mm log. Stames 5. Ovar turbiate, c. 1 mm high, 2-3(-4)-celled; stles at first erect, later spreadig." Prit Date: 6/4/2012 Polscias odosa (Araliaceae) Page 5 of 7

6 Florido, H.B./Sapla, J.C./Arcilla, R.P.. Reforestatio Species. Research Iformatio Series o Ecosstems. 3(4): [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? No evidece] "Malapapaa is propagated b seeds." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Miimum geerative time (ears)? Ukow] Steeis, C.G.G.J. va (ed.). Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 9. Martius Nijhoff/Dr. W. Juk Publishers, The Hague/Bosto/Lodo Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall? Ulikel] "Fruit subglobose, flesh, c. 5 mm" [Fruits & seeds lack meas of exteral attachmet, although small size ma make iadvertet dispersal possible] [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] "Widel cultivated i Fujia (Fuzhou) ad Guagdog (Guagzhou) [ative to Malesia ad the Solomo Islads]. This species is used as a orametal." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? No] No evidece that trees are grow with or have become a produce cotamiat Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis Florido, H.B./Sapla, J.C./Arcilla, R.P.. Reforestatio Species. Research Iformatio Series o Ecosstems. 3(4): Schabacker, J./Curio, E.. Fruit Characteristics as Determiats of Gut Passage i a Bulbul (Hpsipetes philippius). Ecotropica. 6: Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis Steeis, C.G.G.J. va (ed.). Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 9. Martius Nijhoff/Dr. W. Juk Publishers, The Hague/Bosto/Lodo Schabacker, J./Curio, E.. Fruit Characteristics as Determiats of Gut Passage i a Bulbul (Hpsipetes philippius). Ecotropica. 6: Wu, Z.Y./Rave, P.H./Hog, D.Y. (eds.). Flora of Chia. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Sciece Press ad Missouri Botaical Garde Press, Beijig & St. Louis Daa, M.DP. /Reaviles, R.S./Badia, D.B.. Boliw ad Laeteg Gubat. Research Iformatio Series o Ecosstems. 20(2): Roal Botaic Gardes Kew. Seed Iformatio Database (SID). Versio [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No] "Fruit a drupe, terete or laterall flatteed. Seeds compressed, edosperm smooth." [Geus] "Fruit subglobose, ca. 4 mm high." [Species] [Propagules water dispersed? Possibl] " grows i ope thickets ad secod growth forests at low ad medium altitudes. It also grows i moist areas alog gulls ad creeks." [Propagules bird dispersed? Yes] "Durig summer ad witer (Jue 1997 to Jauar 1998) 80 feedig trials were carried our with briefl captive Philippie Bulbuls (Hpsipetes philippius) ad idigeous fruits. B virtue of its relative abudace" "The species of fruit sigificatl iflueces the GPT of seeds (see Fig. 3). Those three species with logest GPTs (Geusia cumigiaa, idet., PoIscias odosa) show sigificat differeces compared with species with the shortest GPTs " [Propagules bird dispersed? Presumabl Yes] "Fruit a drupe, terete or laterall flatteed. Seeds compressed, edosperm smooth." [Geus] "Fruit subglobose, ca. 4 mm high." [Species] [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? No] "Dispersal i the famil takes place geerall b fruit-fall; but as fruits are baccate or (more usuall) drupaceous, the will also be eate b birds (for the most part) ad bats " [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Yes] "Durig summer ad witer (Jue 1997 to Jauar 1998) 80 feedig trials were carried our with briefl captive Philippie Bulbuls (Hpsipetes philippius) ad idigeous fruits. B virtue of its relative abudace" "The species of fruit sigificatl iflueces the GPT of seeds (see Fig. 3). Those three species with logest GPTs (Geusia cumigiaa, idet., PoIscias odosa) show sigificat differeces compared with species with the shortest GPTs " [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Presumabl Yes] "Fruit a drupe, terete or laterall flatteed. Seeds compressed, edosperm smooth." [Geus] "Fruit subglobose, ca. 4 mm high." [Species] [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? Apparetl es] "Boliw (Polscias florosa), is a relative of malapapaa (P. odosa) ad ca be mistake for the species." "Ulike malapapaa with o regeeratio below the caop i spite of thousads of fruits/seeds that fall o the groud, ma germiats of boliw were foud ad collected below the caop." [Produces 1000s of seeds i ative rage, but apparetl ot seedlig recuits] [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? Ukow] Several Polscias species exhibit orthodox storage behavior WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Ukow] No iformatio o herbicide efficac or chemical cotrol of this species Lowr II, P.P. et al.. Polscias odosa (Blume) Seem. Collectio Number Missouri Botaical Garde Herbarium. [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Yes] "Tree, three mai truks recetl broke off at ca. 3-4 m above groud, each ca. 20 cm dbh, with several regrowth stems to 5 m tall." [Demostrates a abilit to resprout] Prit Date: 6/4/2012 Polscias odosa (Araliaceae) Page 6 of 7

7 WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) Ukow] Prit Date: 6/4/2012 Polscias odosa (Araliaceae) Page 7 of 7

8 Summar of Risk Traits High Risk / Udesirable Traits Thrives i tropical climates Leaves used as a fish poiso (potetiall toxic to other aimals & people) Produces umerous bird-dispersed seeds Abilit to resprout from cut or damaged truks Low Risk / Desirable Traits No evidece of aturalizatio or records of ivasiveess elsewhere were foud Grows ol i lower elevatio, tropical climates Trees are dioecious, ad presumabl ot self-fertile Ladscapig ad orametal value

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