101 Is the species highly domesticated?

Transcription

1 Famil: Chrsobalaaceae Taxo: Licaia platpus Som: Moquilea platpus Hemsl. (basiom) Commo Name: Sasapote moke apple Questioaire : curret Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: L Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, = Does the species have weed races? =1, = Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0? 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, = Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 Prit Date: 8/29/2012 Licaia platpus (Chrsobalaaceae) Page 1 of 7

2 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, = Hbridizes aturall =1, = Self-compatible or apomictic =1, = Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, = Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, >3 4+ ears = Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, = Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, = Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, = Propagules water dispersed =1, = Propagules bird dispersed =1, = Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, = Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, = Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, = Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, = Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, = Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: L WRA Score -1 Prit Date: 8/29/2012 Licaia platpus (Chrsobalaaceae) Page 2 of 7

3 Supportig Data: Campbell, R.J.. South America fruits deservig further attetio. p I: J. Jaick (ed.), Progress i ew crops.. ASHS Press, Arligto, VA Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Marti, F.W./Campbell, C.W./Puberté, R.M.. Pereial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: A Ivetor. Agriculture Hadbook No U.S. Departmet of Agriculture, Washigto, DC Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, [Is the species highl domesticated? No evidece] "Marti et al. (1977) cosidered this fruit to have little potetial for further commercializatio. However, the fruit are large ad ca withstad hadlig, makig them a cadidate as a fresh fruit for the lowlad humid ad seasoall dr tropics. I order to improve the commercializatio of this fruit, a cocerted effort ito the selectio of superior cultivars would be eeded, as well as research o productio, ad hadlig procedures." [Is the species highl domesticated? No evidece] [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "The sasapote grows wild i dese forests from souther Mexico to Paama, o both coasts, ad also i orther Colombia." [Qualit of climate match data 2-High] [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "Cultural requiremets: Hot tropical lowlads, seasoall dr." [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "This is a tropical species limited to low elevatios ot more tha 2,000 ft (600 m) above sea-level." [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "It is readil killed b frost ad prefers aual raifall above 1500 mm." [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "The sasapote grows wild i dese forests from souther Mexico to Paama, o both coasts, ad also i orther Colombia." [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Hawaii ad Philippies] "It was itroduced ito the Philippies i the earl 1900's ad ito Hawaii ol about 25 ears ago. I the sprig of 1913, the Uited States Departmet of Agriculture received seeds from the Departmet of Agriculture i Sa José, Costa Rica (S.P.I. #34915)." Imada, C.T./Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. Aotated Checklist of Cultivated Plats of Hawai i. The Bishop Museum, [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Hawaiia Islads. Possibl limited distributio] "Locatios: Harold L. Lo Arboretum Pacific Tropical Botaical Garde (ow Natioal Tropical Botaical Garde) Waimea Arboretum & Botaical Garde" atedplats/ Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece] Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Kha, N./Fl, [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece] T.. Hawaiia Vascular Plat Updates: A Supplemet to the Maual of the Flowerig Plats of Hawai`i & Hawai`i's Fers & Fer Allies. iaflora/supplemet.htm Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No evidece] Prit Date: 8/29/2012 Licaia platpus (Chrsobalaaceae) Page 3 of 7

4 Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, 404. Love, B./Spaer, D.. A Surve of Small-Scale Farmers Usig Trees i Pastures i Herrera Provice, Paama. Joural of Sustaiable Forestr. 20(3): Milto, K.. The foragig strateg of howler mokes: a stud i primate ecoomics. Columbia Uiversit Press, New York Prace, G.T./Sothers, C.A.. Chrsobalaaceae 1: Chrsobalaus to Pariari. Species Platarum: Flora of the World. 9: Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Wagstaff, D.J.. Iteratioal poisoous plats checklist: a evidece-based referece. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Wagstaff, D.J.. Iteratioal poisoous plats checklist: a evidece-based referece. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL Alle, C.K.. Flora of Paama. Part V. Fascicle II. Aals of the Missouri Botaical Garde. 37(2): [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No evidece] [Evirometal weed? No evidece] [Cogeeric weed? No evidece] Licaia arborea listed as aturalized [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No] "The hadsome tree is erect, statel, reachig 100 to 160 ft (30-50 m) i height; has a rouded crow of thick braches, heavil foliaged, ad dark purplish or brow bark dotted with ti white or reddish white leticels. It is sometimes slightl buttressed. The deciduous leaves are alterate, occasioall spiraled, elliptic- to arrow laceolate, poited at both eds; 4 to 12 i (10-30 cm) log, 1 1/4 to 3 1/2 i (3-9 cm) wide, with thick midrib, ideted above ad promiet beeath. New foliage is broze or redpurple ad ver show. " [Allelopathic? No evidece] [Allelopathic? No evidece] [Parasitic? No] "The hadsome tree is erect, statel, reachig 100 to 160 ft (30-50 m) i height" [Chrsobalaaceae] [Upalatable to grazig aimals? Fruit palatable. Foliage ukow] "Table 8. Fodder species metioed b small scale pasture owers as beig purposefull retaied i pastures or observed beig cosumed b cattle i Herrera provice, Paama." [Upalatable to grazig aimals? Leaves cosumed b howler mokes] "Table 4.8. Food Species Aalsis b Stud Area" [Licaia platpus - Categories Eate - L (Leaves)] [Toxic to aimals? No evidece] "This species has a edible fruit which is much sought after b birds ad aimals, but little eate b ma, but was apparetl quite importat i Pre-Columbia times i Mexico (H.Ochoterea-Booth & H.F.Olvera, 1922)." [Toxic to aimals? No evidece] [Toxic to aimals? No evidece] [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? Ukow] No iformatio [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? Fruit ma cause illess] "The fruit is eate raw whe better fruits are ot available. Accordig to Stadle, it has the reputatio of beig uwholesome, causig fever ad other illesses." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No evidece] [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No evidece] "Souther Mexico to Paama; reported from Colombia. I lowlad forests, ofte at elevatios less tha 400 meters, ofte cultivated for oramet." Prit Date: 8/29/2012 Licaia platpus (Chrsobalaaceae) Page 4 of 7

5 Tobi, M.F./Lopez, O.R./Kursar, T.A.. Resposes of Tropical Uderstor Plats to a Severe Drought: Tolerace ad A voidace of Water Stress. Biotropica. 31(4): Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN) USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN) Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Croat, T.B.. Flora of Barro Colorado Islad. Staford Uiversit Press, Staford, CA Prace, G.T./Sothers, C.A.. Chrsobalaaceae 1: Chrsobalaus to Pariari. Species Platarum: Flora of the World. 9: Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Prace, G.T./Sothers, C.A.. Chrsobalaaceae 1: Chrsobalaus to Pariari. Species Platarum: Flora of the World. 9: Prace, G.T./White, F.. The Geera of Chrsobalaaceae: A Stud i Practical ad Theoretical Taxoom ad Its Relevace to Evolutioar Biolog. Philosophical Trasactios of the Roal Societ of Lodo. Series B, BiologicalScieces. 320(1197): Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Prace, G.T./White, F.. The Geera of Chrsobalaaceae: A Stud i Practical ad Theoretical Taxoom ad Its Relevace to Evolutioar Biolog. Philosophical Trasactios of the Roal Societ of Lodo. Series B, BiologicalScieces. 320(1197): 1-18 [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] "The followig six shade-tolerat species were chose for this stud because of the large variatio i the logevit of their leaves (species after Croat 1978): the shrub Hbathus pruifolius (Schult.) Schultze (Violaceae), the shrub Pschotria horizotalis Sw. (Rubiaceae), the tree Alseis blackiaa Hems!. (Rubiaceae), the treelet Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreg. (Caesalpiioideae), the treelet Ouratea luces (H.B.K.) Egler i Mart. (Ochaceae), ad the tree Licaia platpus (Hems!.) Fritsch (Chrsobalaaceae)." [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? Yes] "It grows i a variet of soils as log as the have good draiage." [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] "The hadsome tree is erect, statel, reachig 100 to 160 ft (30-50 m) i height" [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] "It occurs as a few isolated clumps of trees - semi-wild." [Aquatic? No] "The sasapote grows wild i dese forests from souther Mexico to Paama, o both coasts, ad also i orther Colombia." [Grass? No] Chrsobalaaceae [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Chrsobalaaceae [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No] "The hadsome tree is erect, statel, reachig 100 to 160 ft (30-50 m) i height;" [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No evidece] "Frequet i the forest, especiall the old forest. Flowers pricipall i the dr seaso, especiall from Februar to April." [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No evidece] [Produces viable seed? Yes] "The tree is propagated b seed, which germiate withi a moth of sowig ad the ca keep their viabilit for several moths." [Hbridizes aturall? Ukow] No iformatio [Self-compatible or apomictic? Ukow] [Requires specialist polliators? No evidece] "The abudat, fragrat flowers, i broad termial, brached paicles 4 to 14 i (10-35 cm) log, are small ad desel hair with recurved petals ad umerous protrudig stames. Ol 1 to 3 fruits develop from each particle." [Requires specialist polliators? No] "Marathes. The small flowers of Licaia, Exellodedro, Pariari ad Magistipula butaei are visited b bees." Prit Date: 8/29/2012 Licaia platpus (Chrsobalaaceae) Page 5 of 7

6 Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Marti, F.W./Campbell, C.W./Puberté, R.M.. Pereial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: A Ivetor. Agriculture Hadbook No U.S. Departmet of Agriculture, Washigto, DC Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Prace, G.T./Sothers, C.A.. Chrsobalaaceae 1: Chrsobalaus to Pariari. Species Platarum: Flora of the World. 9: Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Prace, G.T./Sothers, C.A.. Chrsobalaaceae 1: Chrsobalaus to Pariari. Species Platarum: Flora of the World. 9: Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, [Requires specialist polliators? No] "The flowers are isect polliated." [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? No evidece] "The tree is propagated b seed, which germiate withi a moth of sowig ad the ca keep their viabilit for several moths." [Miimum geerative time (ears)? 10+] "Descriptio: Tree to 30 m. Propagatio b seed. Fruit productio i 10 ears. Flowers November- December. Fruit matures i about 250 das. Fruit oblog, 15 cm log, 900 g; exteral color greeish brow, iteral orage ellow." [Miimum geerative time (ears)? 10+] "The juveile period ca be up to ears." [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas)? No evidece] "The obovoid or priform. fruit, 5 to 8 i (13 20 cm) log, 4 to 5 1/2 i (10-14 cm) wide, has a thi, dark-brow or reddish, wart rid covered with white leticels. The flesh, somewhat pumpki-sceted, is ellow or orage-ellow, soft, fibrous, dr or juic ad of subacid or sweet flavor. Usuall there is a sigle rouded or ovate-oblog, flatteed seed, 2 3/8 to 4 i (6-10 cm) log." [Fruits ad seeds ver large ad lack meas of exteral attachmet] [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] "A fruit held i rather low esteem, the sasapote, Licaia platpus Fritsch (s. Moquilea platpus Hemsl.), of the famil Chrsobalaaceae, is ofte called sozapote, suzapote, sugao, zapote cabelludo, sapote or sagre i Costa Rica ad El Salvador;sozapote i Nicaragua; zapote amarillo, zapote borracho, zapote cabello, zapote de mico, zapote de moo, mesosapote, mezozapote, cabeza de mico, or caca de iño i Mexico; soza, suza, zuza, chaute jolobob i Guatemala; urraco i Hoduras; chupa i Colombia; moke apple i Belize." "It is much plated as a orametal ad shade tree throughout Cetral America." [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? No] "The obovoid or priform. fruit, 5 to 8 i (13 20 cm) log, 4 to 5 1/2 i (10-14 cm) wide, has a thi, dark-brow or reddish, wart rid covered with white leticels. The flesh, somewhat pumpki-sceted, is ellow or orage-ellow, soft, fibrous, dr or juic ad of subacid or sweet flavor. Usuall there is a sigle rouded or ovate-oblog, flatteed seed, 2 3/8 to 4 i (6-10 cm) log." [Fruits ad seeds ver large ad ulikel to be iadvertetl dispersed as a produce cotamiat] [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No] "The obovoid or priform. fruit, 5 to 8 i (13-20 cm) log, 4 to 5 1/2 i (10-14 cm) wide, has a thi, dark-brow or reddish, wart rid covered with white leticels. The flesh, somewhat pumpkisceted, is ellow or orage-ellow, soft, fibrous, dr or juic ad of subacid or sweet flavor. Usuall there is a sigle rouded or ovate-oblog, flatteed seed, 2 3/8 to 4 i (6-10 cm) log." [Propagules water dispersed? Possibl. Distributio suggests possible water dispersal] "Forest, most commo ear rivers, but also i forest awa from rivers." [Propagules bird dispersed? Potetiall i places with large frugivorous birds, but oe exist i the Hawaiia Islads] "The obovoid or priform. fruit, 5 to 8 i (13-20 cm) log, 4 to 5 1/2 i (10-14 cm) wide, has a thi, dark-brow or reddish, wart rid covered with white leticels. The flesh, somewhat pumpki-sceted, is ellow or orage-ellow, soft, fibrous, dr or juic ad of subacid or sweet flavor. Usuall there is a sigle rouded or ovate-oblog, flatteed seed, 2 3/8 to 4 i (6-10 cm) log." [Propagules bird dispersed? Yes, but ulikel i Hawaiia Islads] "This species has a edible fruit which is much sought after b birds ad aimals, but little eate b ma, but was apparetl quite importat i Pre-Columbia times i Mexico (H.Ochoterea-Booth & H.F.Olvera, 1922)." [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? Possibl b rodets or pigs that carr fruit for cosumptio awa from paret tree] "The obovoid or priform. fruit, 5 to 8 i (13 20 cm) log, 4 to 5 1/2 i (10-14 cm) wide, has a thi, darkbrow or reddish, wart rid covered with white leticels. The flesh, somewhat pumpki-sceted, is ellow or orage-ellow, soft, fibrous, dr or juic ad of subacid or sweet flavor. Usuall there is a sigle rouded or ovate-oblog, flatteed seed, 2 3/8 to 4 i (6-10 cm) log." "Tapirs ad peccaries feast o those that are left o the groud." Prit Date: 8/29/2012 Licaia platpus (Chrsobalaaceae) Page 6 of 7

7 Brewer, S.W./Rejmaek, M.. Small rodets as sigificat dispersers of tree seeds i a Neotropical forest. Joural of Vegetatio Sciece. 10: Trust, J.L./Kesler, H.C./Delgado, G.H.. Vascular Flora of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Proceedigs of the Califoria Academ of Scieces. 57(7): Chaves, O.M./Stoer, K.E./Arroo- Rodrıguez, V.. Differeces i Diet Betwee Spider Moke Groups Livig i Forest Fragmets ad Cotiuous Forest i Mexico. Biotropica /j x: Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Trust, J.L./Kesler, H.C./Delgado, G.H.. Vascular Flora of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Proceedigs of the Califoria Academ of Scieces. 57(7): Narajo, E.J.. Ecolog ad Coservatio of Baird s tapir i Mexico. Tropical Coservatio Sciece. 2(2): Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Sasapote (Licaia platpus). J.F. Morto, Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The ecclopedia of fruit & uts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Baski, C.C./Baski, J.M.. Seeds ecolog, biogeograph, ad evolutio of dormac ad germiatio. Academic Press, Sa Fracisco, CA [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? Presumabl Yes. Seeds cached b rodets] "Table 5. A compariso of the fates of seeds hadled b large ad small rodets i experimets i Neotropical forests. Seeds dispersed beeath litter or soil ('Cached') or eate ('Killed') are expressed as mea percet of removed seeds foud b the authors." [Licaia platpus - 35% cached; 65% killed] [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? Yes] "Rats ad pigs eat the falle fruits (J. Trust, pers. obs.). Seedligs have established uder the paret tree. First report for Isla del Coco." [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? Dispersed b spider mokes] "Both cotiuous forest ad fragmets preseted top food species for spider mokes (recogized based o review of spider moke diet; see Methods), ad five of them (Brosimum alicastrum, Dialium guiaese, Guarea glabra, Licaia platpus, ad Spodias radlkoferi) were amog the te species with the highest IVI i both forest tpes" [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Could possibl be dispersed b pigs] "The obovoid or priform. fruit, 5 to 8 i (13 20 cm) log, 4 to 5 1/2 i (10-14 cm) wide, has a thi, dark-brow or reddish, wart rid covered with white leticels. The flesh, somewhat pumpki sceted, is ellow or orage-ellow, soft, fibrous, dr or juic ad of subacid or sweet flavor. Usuall there is a sigle rouded or ovate-oblog, flatteed seed, 2 3/8 to 4 i (6 10 cm) log." "Tapirs ad peccaries feast o those that are left o the groud." [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Possibl Yes. Or fruit trasported ad seeds discarded or depredated] "Rats ad pigs eat the falle fruits (J. Trust, pers. obs.). Seedligs have established uder the paret tree. First report for Isla del Coco." [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Presumabl Yes. Tapirs cosume fruit] "I both sites tapirs visit areas with abudat falle fruits (i.e. Brosimum alicastrum, Ficus spp., Licaia platpus, Mailkara zapota, Pouteria sapota, ad Spodias mombi), especiall durig the dr seaso [36, E.J. Narajo, upublished data]. Foerster [31] observed a higher proportio of fruit igested b tapirs durig the wet seaso i CNP. However, the same author asserts that this ma be due to a ver high itake of a sigle species (Licaia platpus), which produces large amouts of fruit durig a short period." [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? Few fruits with large seeds] "Ol 1 to 3 fruits develop from each particle. The obovoid or priform. fruit, 5 to 8 i (13 20 cm) log, 4 to 5 1/2 i (10-14 cm) wide, has a thi, dark-brow or reddish, wart rid covered with white leticels. The flesh, somewhat pumpki-sceted, is ellow or orage-ellow, soft, fibrous, dr or juic ad of subacid or sweet flavor. Usuall there is a sigle rouded or ovate-oblog, flatteed seed, 2 3/8 to 4 i (6-10 cm) log." [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? No] "The 1.5 cm-thick flesh is ellow or orage-ellow, soft, fibrous, ad either dr (flour) or juic, with a peetratig odour ad ecloses a sigle rouded or ovate-oblog, flatteed seed (6-10 cm log) that occupies most of the volume of the fruit."..."a adult tree ca produce fruit each oe weighig kg. Fruit fall from the trees whe mature ad ripe ad softe o the groud i 2-3 das." [Although 100s of fruit ma be produced, the are relativel large ad sigle-seeded] [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? No] "Table 9.4 Tpes of Seed Dormac i Semievergree Forest Trees" [Licaia platpus - iferred to be o-dormat] WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Ukow] No iformatio o herbicide efficac or chemical cotrol of this species WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Ukow] WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets)? Ukow] Prit Date: 8/29/2012 Licaia platpus (Chrsobalaaceae) Page 7 of 7

8 Summar of Risk Traits High Risk / Udesirable Traits Thrives i tropical climates Shade tolerat Tolerates ma soil coditios (ad potetiall able to exploit ma differet habitat tpes) Fruits & seeds potetiall bird ad mammal-dispersed Low Risk / Desirable Traits No records of aturalizatio or ivasiveess have bee documeted Will thrive ol i low elevatio, warm tropical climates Uarmed (o spies, thors, or burrs) No-toxic Ladscapig ad orametal value Slow time to reproductive maturit (10+ ears) Large fruit & seeds ulikel to be iadvertetl dispersed