Patti Clifford Data Entry Person: Patti Clifford WRA Score 9

Transcription

1 Famil: Acathaceae Taxo: Thubergia fragras Som: Flemigia gradiflora Roxb. Ex Rottler Thubergia volubilis Pers. Commo Name white thubergia white lad Questioaire : curret Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Patti Clifford Desigatio: H(HPWRA) Data Etr Perso: Patti Clifford WRA Score Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, = Does the species have weed races? =1, = Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, = Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 Prit Date: 10/11/2010 Thubergia fragras (Acathaceae) Page 1 of 6

2 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, = Hbridizes aturall =1, = Self-compatible or apomictic =1, = Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, = Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, 1 4+ ears = Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, = Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, = Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, = Propagules water dispersed =1, = Propagules bird dispersed =1, = Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, = Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, = Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, = Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, = Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, = Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: H(HPWRA) WRA Score 9 Prit Date: 10/11/2010 Thubergia fragras (Acathaceae) Page 2 of 6

3 Supportig Data: WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. No evidece USDA, ARS, Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN) [Olie Database]. Natioal Germplasm Resources Laborator, Bethesda, Marlad USDA, ARS, Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN) [Olie Database]. Natioal Germplasm Resources Laborator, Bethesda, Marlad Haselwood, E.L./Motter, G.G./Hirao, R.T. (eds.). Hadbook of Hawaiia weeds. Uiversit of Hawaii Press, Hoolulu Gilma, E.F.. Thubergia fragras. Fact Sheet FPS -579:.Evirometal Horticulture Departmet, Florida Cooperative Extesio Service, Istitute of Food ad Agricultural Scieces, Uiversit of Florida, Dave's Garde. PlatFiles: White Lad, Sweet Clock-Vie Thubergia fragras. Dave's Garde, Smith, A.C.. Flora Vitiesis ova: a ew flora of Fiji Volume 5. Natioal Tropical Botaical Garde, Lawai Tseg, Y.-H./Ou, C.-H.. Thubergia fragras Roxb. (Acathaceae): a ewl aturalized plat i Taiwa. Edemic Species Research. 4: / / _pdf.pdf USDA, ARS, Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN) [Olie Database]. Natioal Germplasm Resources Laborator, Bethesda, Marlad Whistler, W.A.. Tropical Orametals: A Guide. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Smith, A.C.. Flora Vitiesis ova: a ew flora of Fiji Volume 5. Natioal Tropical Botaical Garde, Lawai Tseg, Y.-H./Ou, C.-H.. Thubergia fragras Roxb. (Acathaceae): a ewl aturalized plat i Taiwa. Edemic Species Research. 4: / / _pdf.pdf Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds Nishimoto, R.K.. Herbicide optios for weed cotrol i papaa. Itegrated Pest Maagemet Reviews. 2: Weber, E.. Ivasive Plat Species of the World. A Referece Guide to Evirometal Weeds.. CABI Publishig, Walligford, UK Native to: Asia Temperate - Chia ; Asia Tropical - Bhuta, Idia, Nepal, Sri Laka, Idochia, Mamar. Native to: Asia Temperate - Chia ; Asia Tropical - Bhuta, Idia, Nepal, Sri Laka, Idochia, Mamar. Foud from sea-level to 4,000 feet i Hawaii. USDA Zoes USDA hardiess zoes 10b (to 1.7 C (35 F), 11: above 4.5 (40 F). Naturalized i Fiji alog roadsides, thickets ad cocout platatios. Naturalized i areas of Taiwa. Native to: Asia Temperate - Chia ; Asia Tropical - Bhuta, Idia, Nepal, Sri Laka, Idochia, Mamar. Widel cultivated i the tropics ad subtropics. Naturalized i Fiji alog roadsides, thickets ad cocout platatios. Naturalized i areas of Taiwa. Listed as a cultivatio escape o The Global Compedium of Weeds, but o evidece of cotrol. Glphosate has provided cotrol of Thubergia fragras i agricultural fields of papaa. Thubergia gradiflora ivades forests ad forest edges, riparia habitats ad coastal areas. A vigorous climber, spreads mail b stolos, developig a extesive tuberous root sstem. Dese ifestatios ca kill host trees. Imazapr is a effective herbicide. Prit Date: 10/11/2010 Thubergia fragras (Acathaceae) Page 3 of 6

4 Departmet of Emplomet, Ecoomic Developmet ad Iovatio Queeslad Govermet. Thubergia gradiflora. Departmet of Emplomet, Ecoomic Developmet ad Iovatio Queeslad Govermet, Thubergia gradiflora is highl ivasive to ative vegetatio ad raiforests i Queeslad. It degrades creek ad river baks Whistler, W.A.. Tropical Orametals: A Guide. Timber Press, Portlad, OR WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow Whistler, W.A.. Tropical Orametals: A Guide. Timber Press, Portlad, OR "Vie, herbaceous, twiig. Leaves simple, opposite, blade ovate to arrowheadshaped, usuall 5-12 cm log (2-5 i). Flowers cotiuousl throughout the ear; flowers solitar or paired, axillar o a log stalk with a pair of leaf bracts below, ot fragrat. Corolla of fused petals, salverform, tube 2-3 cm log (3/4-1 1/4 i), with a spreadig five-lobed limb 4-6 cm across (1 5/8-2 1/2 i), white. Fruit a subglobose capsule with a exteded termial beak to 2 cm log (3/4 i)" "Vie, herbaceous, twiig. Leaves simple, opposite, blade ovate to arrowheadshaped, usuall 5-12 cm log (2-5 i). Flowers cotiuousl throughout the ear; flowers solitar or paired, axillar o a log stalk with a pair of leaf bracts below, ot fragrat. Corolla of fused petals, salverform, tube 2-3 cm log (3/4-1 1/4 i), with a spreadig five-lobed limb 4-6 cm across (1 5/8-2 1/2 i), white. Fruit a subglobose capsule with a exteded termial beak to 2 cm log (3/4 i)" Daiel, T.F.. Acathaceae of Soora: Nearl all Acathaceae are palatable to aimals. I Soora, Mexico, taxoom ad phtogeograph. Proceedigs of Acathaceae serve as browse for both ative aimals ad livestock. the Califoria Academ of Scieces. 55: WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow Natioal Ceter for Biotecholog Iformatio. PubMed. U.S. Natioal Librar of Medicie, Bethesda, Marlad Specialized Iformatio Services, U.S. Natioal Librar of Medicie. TOXNET Toxicolog Data Network [Olie Database]. Natioal Istitutes of Health, Gilma, E.F.. Thubergia fragras. Fact Sheet FPS -579:.Evirometal Horticulture Departmet, Florida Cooperative Extesio Service, Istitute of Food ad Agricultural Scieces, Uiversit of Florida, Pollelibrar. Allerges ad plat research b locatio. SDI Health LLC, Natioal Ceter for Biotecholog Iformatio. PubMed. U.S. Natioal Librar of Medicie, Bethesda, Marlad Specialized Iformatio Services, U.S. Natioal Librar of Medicie. TOXNET Toxicolog Data Network [Olie Database]. Natioal Istitutes of Health, Whistler, W.A.. Tropical Orametals: A Guide. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Dave's Garde. PlatFiles: White Lad, Sweet Clock-Vie Thubergia fragras. Dave's Garde, No allergies or toxicit foud i PubMed. No evidece of toxicit i ToxNet. Not usuall affected b pests. No allergies to polle i literature. No allergies or toxicit foud i PubMed. No evidece of toxicit i ToxNet. "Vie, herbaceous, twiig. Leaves simple, opposite, blade ovate to arrowheadshaped, usuall 5-12 cm log (2-5 i). Flowers cotiuousl throughout the ear; flowers solitar or paired, axillar o a log stalk with a pair of leaf bracts below, ot fragrat. Corolla of fused petals, salverform, tube 2-3 cm log (3/4-1 1/4 i), with a spreadig five-lobed limb 4-6 cm across (1 5/8-2 1/2 i), white. Fruit a subglobose capsule with a exteded termial beak to 2 cm log (3/4 i)" Full su. Prit Date: 10/11/2010 Thubergia fragras (Acathaceae) Page 4 of 6

5 Gilma, E.F.. Thubergia fragras. Fact Sheet FPS -579:.Evirometal Horticulture Departmet, Florida Cooperative Extesio Service, Istitute of Food ad Agricultural Scieces, Uiversit of Florida, Dave's Garde. PlatFiles: White Lad, Sweet Clock-Vie Thubergia fragras. Dave's Garde, Dave's Garde. PlatFiles: White Lad, Sweet Clock-Vie Thubergia fragras. Dave's Garde, Dave's Garde. PlatFiles: White Lad, Sweet Clock-Vie Thubergia fragras. Dave's Garde, Whistler, W.A.. Tropical Orametals: A Guide. Timber Press, Portlad, OR USDA, ARS, Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN) [Olie Database]. Natioal Germplasm Resources Laborator, Bethesda, Marlad Soil toleraces: acidic; alkalie; sad; loam; cla Soil ph requiremets: 6.1 to 6.5 (mildl acidic), 6.6 to 7.5 (eutral), 7.6 to 7.8 (mildl alkalie). Vie. Vie. Terrestrial. "Vie, herbaceous, twiig. Leaves simple, opposite, blade ovate to arrowhead-shaped, usuall 5-12 cm log (2-5 i). Flowers cotiuousl throughout the ear; flowers solitar or paired, axillar o a log stalk with a pair of leaf bracts below, ot fragrat. Corolla of fused petals, salverform, tube 2-3 cm log (3/4-1 1/4 i), with a spreadig five-lobed limb 4-6 cm across (1 5/8-2 1/2 i), white. Fruit a subglobose capsule with a exteded termial beak to 2 cm log (3/4 i)" Acathaceae Ecclopedia Nitroge fixatio. Natiomaster.com, e-fixatio Acathaceae Whistler, W.A.. Tropical Orametals: A Guide. Timber Press, Portlad, OR WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. No evidece Liu, K./Eastwood, R. J./Fl, S./Turer, R. M./Stupp, W. H.. Seed Iformatio Database (release 7.1, Ma 2008) Dave's Garde. PlatFiles: White Lad, Sweet Clock-Vie Thubergia fragras. Dave's Garde, WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow. Terrestrial. "Vie, herbaceous, twiig. Leaves simple, opposite, blade ovate to arrowhead-shaped, usuall 5-12 cm log (2-5 i). Flowers cotiuousl throughout the ear; flowers solitar or paired, axillar o a log stalk with a pair of leaf bracts below, ot fragrat. Corolla of fused petals, salverform, tube 2-3 cm log (3/4-1 1/4 i), with a spreadig five-lobed limb 4-6 cm across (1 5/8-2 1/2 i), white. Fruit a subglobose capsule with a exteded termial beak to 2 cm log (3/4 i)" Orthodox seeds. Viable after 2-3 ears i commercial storage facilit. Propagatio from seed, softwood cuttigs ad laerig Percival, M.. Floral ecolog of coastal scrub i Southeast Jamaica. Biotropica. 6: Flowers of Thubergia fragras were visited throughout the dalight hours b two species of ative isects ad b o-atives species of Thsaoptera. There was a good percetage of seedset of the flowers followig visitatio. Prit Date: 10/11/2010 Thubergia fragras (Acathaceae) Page 5 of 6

6 Schmidt-Lebuh, A.N./Schwerdtfeger, M./Kessler, M./Lohaus, G.. Phlogeetic costraits vs. ecolog i the ectar compositio of Acathaceae. Flora-Morpholog, Distributio, Fuctioal Ecolog of Plats. 202: Starr, F./Starr, K./Loope, L.. Thubergia fragras sweet clock vie Acathaceae. USGS - Biological Resources Haleakala Field Statio Maui, Dave's Garde. PlatFiles: White Lad, Sweet Clock-Vie Thubergia fragras. Dave's Garde, Gilma, E.F.. Thubergia fragras. Fact Sheet FPS -579:.Evirometal Horticulture Departmet, Florida Cooperative Extesio Service, Istitute of Food ad Agricultural Scieces, Uiversit of Florida, Whistler, W.A.. Tropical Orametals: A Guide. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Whistler, W.A.. Tropical Orametals: A Guide. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Starr, F./Starr, K./Loope, L.. Thubergia fragras sweet clock vie Acathaceae. USGS - Biological Resources Haleakala Field Statio Maui, "Nectar compositio ad cocetratio were aalzed for 75 samples of 70 species of Acathaceae represetig all major itrafamiliar groups. Aalses of variace were coducted to test for sigificat differeces betwee polliatio sdromes ad betwee taxoomical or phlogeetic groups ( geera). The available data idicate that the characteristics of ectar i Acathaceae are predomiatl determied b adaptatio to eeds of the polliators rather tha b phlogeetic costraits." Thubergia fragras was categorized as havig a sphigophilous (moth) polliatio sdrome. Propagated b seeds, cuttigs ad fragmets of stems ad roots. Propagatio from seed, softwood cuttigs ad laerig. Growth rate: fast. Not likel. Fruit a subglobose capsule with a exteded termial beak to 2 cm log (3/4 i)" Widel cultivated i the tropics ad subtropics WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Not grow with produce or ha. "T. fragras is spread log distaces b people who use the plat as a orametal. T. fragras readil spreads b seeds ad cuttigs to moist lowlad disturbed areas i Hawai'i." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. No adaptatio for wid dispersal. (1) Fruit a subglobose capsule with a exteded termial beak to 2 cm log (3/4 i)" WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. No adaptatio for water dispersal. (1) Fruit a subglobose capsule with a exteded termial beak to 2 cm log (3/4 i)" Whistler, W.A.. Tropical Orametals: A Guide. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Whistler, W.A.. Tropical Orametals: A Guide. Timber Press, Portlad, OR WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow Wasshause, D.C.. Acathaceae of the Southeaster Uited States. Castaea. 63: WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow Gilma, E.F.. Thubergia fragras. Fact Sheet FPS -579:.Evirometal Horticulture Departmet, Florida Cooperative Extesio Service, Istitute of Food ad Agricultural Scieces, Uiversit of Florida, WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow. No adaptatio for bird dispersal (such as flesh berr). (1) Fruit a subglobose capsule with a exteded termial beak to 2 cm log (3/4 i)" No meas of exteral attachmet. (1) Fruit a subglobose capsule with a exteded termial beak to 2 cm log (3/4 i)" Fruit a 2-valved loculicidal capsule. Seeds 2 i each valve (geera descriptio). Flowers ear roud. Thubergia fragras will ru wild if ot prued back. Prit Date: 10/11/2010 Thubergia fragras (Acathaceae) Page 6 of 6