;lrj e /fon] lbp clvtof/nfo{ bf]if

Transcription

1 s[lif ;fktflxs x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu ;fn efb ^ ut] ;f]daf/ 1 jif{ % c efb ^ ut] ;f]daf/ Aug 22, 2016 d"no?=!). s[lifsf] nufgl kf/blz{ agfcf} +, k/dk/fut xf]og Joj;flos agf} +, s'/fsf] v]tl xf]og, v]tlsf] s'/f u/f} +. ;lrj e /fon] lbp clvtof/nfo{ bf]if sf7df8f}+. s[lif ljsf; dgqfnosf ;lrj pqd s'df/ e /fo{n] g]kfn s[lif cg';gwfg kl/ifb\n] tof/ u/]s]f ljlgodfjnl dfly clvtof/ b'?kof]u cg';gwfg cfof]u k Zg p7fosf] egb} /f]if JoQm u/]sf 5g\. dgqfnon] cfof]hgf u/]sf] k"j{ s[lif dgql xl/af]n uh'/]nsf] ljbfo{ sfo{qmddf af]nb} ;lrj e /fo{n] clvtof/n] ljlgodfjnl lkmtf{dfly x:tif]k ug{ vf]h]sf] egb} clvtof/dfly g} k Zg p7fpsf 5g\. xfdln] agfpsf] ljlgodfjnl dfly x:tif]k u/]sf sf/0f kl/ifb\n] ug]{ b}lgs sfo{df jfwf k'lu/x]sf] atfpsf lyp. ;f] ljlgodfjnl s} sf/0f g]kfn s[lif cg';gwfg kl/ifb\n] ug]{ sfo{ Joj:yfkg ug{ c;xh epsf]n] To;sf] lhdd]jf/l clvtof/n] lng] ls glng] egg] k Zg u/]sf lyp. pgn] clvtof/n] h] dg nfuof] ToxL ugf{n] sltko sfd ug{ c;xh epsf] atfp. kfpnfg\ r6\ofª kll8tn] Ifltk"lt{ { < DofUbL. r6\ofªsf sf/0f DofUbLsf] u'hf{ uflj;sf] e]l8uf]7df /x]sf s/lj (& j6f e]8f d/]sf] lhnnf kz';]jf sfof{non] hgfpsf] 5. lhnnf k x/l sfof{no / kz';]jf sfof{noaf6 upsf] 6f]nLn] 36gf :yndf k'u]/ d/]sf e]8fx?sf] ljj/0f ;+sng u/]sf] lyp. r6\ofªsf sf/0f d/]sf e]8fafv faf6 ;f] :yfgsf ls;fgx?sf]!% nfv a/fa/sf] Iflt epsf] lhnnf kz' sfof{non] atfpsf] 5. sl/j ^ ;oj6f e]8fafv f /x]sf] ;f] 7fp+df ( hgf ls;fgsf](& e]8f d/]sf] atfopsf] 5. oltv]/ kz'kg5l ljsf; dgqfnon] dgql kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g. t/ lhnnf kz';]jf sfof{no DofUbLsf k d'v 8f bof/fd rfkfufofn] lhnnf k zf;gaf6 lg0f{o u/fp/ dgqfnodf Ifltk"lt{sf nflu kxn ug]{ atfpsf 5g\. s] cj DofUbL lhnnfsf] b'u{d ufp+ u'hf{sf r6\ofª kll8tn] Ifltk"lt{ kfpnfg\ < e"sdk kll8tnfo{ sf]/nl ufo{ aff8\g] ah]6 g} ljlgof]lht x' +bf t dgqfnos} sf]/nl ufo{ lbg ;s]g cj r6\ofª nfu]/ d/]sf e]8fafv fsf] Ifltk"lt{ ls;fgn] kfpnfg\ t < s/f]8f} +sf] kl/of]hgfsf] sf]7] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfo{ ) ut cfly{s aif{df ls;fgsf] nflu pggt ljp ljhg sfo{qmdsf] ah]6 sl/j *$ s/f]8 /x]sf] lyof]. of] cfly{s aif{df ah]6sf] cfsf/ a9]/ em08} 8]9 s/f]8 cyf{t! nfv?k}of k' ofopsf] 5. ) ls;fgx?sf] ;xeflutf ljgf cfkm\gf sfof{nosf sd{rf/l / s]xl JolQmnfO{ dx+uf] xf]6ndf af]nfp/ ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfo{ ul/of]. lj:t[t k]h # df s[lifdf ˆo"hg egg] dgql z'?d}sgˆo"h sf7df8f} +. s[lif dgql uf}/lz+s/ rf}w/ln] cfkm" yf?sf] 5f]/f epsf]n] OdfGbf/L k"j{s s'/f ug] { / s[lifsf] ljsf;sf nflu dgqfnosf lj1 / ls;fgx?sf] ˆo"hg ub{5' eg]sf] b'o{lbg klg ljtg gkfp+b} pgn] ls;fgnfo{ sgˆo"h agfpg yfln;s]sf 5g\. k"j{dgql xl/af]nk ;fb uh'/]nn] ls;fgx?sf nflu k]g;gsf] s'/f NofP. ut cfly{s aif{af6} ls;fgx?nfo{ k]g;g lbg] s'/f klg efif0f w]/} u/] t/ k]g;g uh'/]nsf nflu 6]G;g eof]. ls;fgx?n] k]g;g cfzjf;gsf?kdf dfq kfp. clxn] km]l/ rfn' cfly{s aif{df ls;fgnfo{ k]g;g Joj:yfsf nflu ah]6 5'6\ofOPsf] gepklg gj lgo'qm s[lif dgqln] ls;fgnfo{ k]g;g lbg5' egb} sgˆo"hg u/fpg yfn]sf 5g\. sf7df8f} +df cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmddf af]nb} pgn] ls;fgx?nfo{ k]g;g lbg] e d 5g{ z'? ul/;s]sf 5g\. x'g t dgqln] ls;fgnfo{ k]g;g lbg] s'/f ;xh 5 egg] e dnfo{ a'em\g ;s]sf 5}gg\ xf]nf. dgqlsf k]l/km]l/df a:g] clg ljb]zl bftfsf] e/df Pglhcf] rnfp/ hflu/ vfo{/x]sfx?n] k]g;g ;lhn} 5 eg]/ ;]tf] sfuhdf of]hgf agfp/ klg b]vfpsf xf]nfg\. To;}n] s[lif dgqln] oltv]/ k]g;gsf s'/f p7fpg' egbf klg u'0f:t/lo alp, dn ls;fgx?n] kfpsf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ egg] s'/flt/ Wofg lbg] xf] eg] k]g;g egbf 7"nf] u'g nfubyof] ls < hgtfnfo{ wfg /f]kg l;sfpg 5f8]/ af]/fsf] rfdn vfg ls;fpg] Pglhcf]sf /fd f clejolqm egbf ttsfn g]kfnl ls;fgx?sf nflu ug' { kg] { sfd s] s] xf] sfof{gjog x'g] s'/f dfq efif0f ubf{ dgql rf}w/lsf nflu plrt xf]nf ls < gq lj1 / ls;fgsf] ˆo"hg u/fpg] ;f]r /fv]sf s[lif dgql sgˆo"hdf dfq kg] { xf] ls < la=l6=pn\= sdkglsf kfj/ l6n/ tyf ldgl l6n/af6 v]tl u/f} +, sd vr{df ctolws ptkfbg a9fcf} +. Dhobighat, Lalitpur, Nepal (Near to Mega Hospital) Ph.No Fax: btltradepvtltd@gmail.com/

2 s[lif ;fn efb ^ ut] ;f]daf/ 2 gf} dlxg] s[lif dgqlsf] k]g;gsf s'/f jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] cfo' gf} dlxgfdf ;lsg5. lbgugtl z'? u/l ;ky vfpsf dgqlx?n] gf} dlxgfdf s] sfd unf{g\ egg] g} xf]. ;fob gf} dlxg] sfo{sfnsf] dgqlx?sf nflu tlg dlxgf cjlw dgqfno a'em\g g} nfunf < clg csf] { tlg dlxgf dgqfno leqsf gllt lgod a'em\g nfunf. clg jf+sl /x]sf] tlg dlxgfdf s] sfd ug{ Eofpnfg\ / km]l/ klg hgtfnfo{ e d 5b}{ 5g\. clxn] cfpsf s[lif dgqln] ls;fgx?nfo{ Pp6f an5l yfk]sf 5g\. lgjt{dfg s[lif dgql xl/af]n uh'/]nn] yflk;s]sf] aln5df cj ls;fgx? bª kg]{ cj:yf klg 5}gg\. t/ clxn]sf s[lif dgql uf}/l z+s/ rf}w/ln] km]l/ ls;fgx?nfo{ k]g;gsf s'/f cf]sn]sf 5g\. ls;fg k]g;gsf nflu g t ah]6 ljlgof]lht ul/psf] 5 gt cgoq st} Joj:yf ul/psf] 5. slx+ st}af6 klg ls;fgx?nfo{ k]g;g lbg] s'/f ;Dej b]lvpsf] 5}g. tyfkl ls;fgx?nfo{ k]g;g lbg] e d dgqln] lsg ;'gfpsf 5g\ Tof] eg] crddsf] ljifo /x]sf] 5. ljutaif{b]lv g} ls;fg k]g;gsf s'/f ub} { cfo{/x]sf] s[lif ljsf; dgqfnosf] s'g} klg ah]6 zlif{sdf ls;fgx?nfo{ k]g;g lbg] s'/f pnn]v ul/psf] 5}g. ls;fgx?nfo{ k]g;sf nflu ah]6 tof/ u/]sf] epklg cy{ dgqfnoaf6 ls;fg k]g;g sf6]sf] egb} tftsflng cj:yfd} s[lif ljsf; dgql xl/af]n uh'/]nn] /f]if JoQm u/]sf lyp. t/ pgn] dgql ep kzrft a' b] k ltj4tfdf pnn]v epsf] Pp6f a' bf ls;fg k]g;gn] plta]nf g} xfjf vfo{;s]sf] 5. clxn] km]l/ gof+ s[lif ljsf; dgqlnfo{ ls;fg k]g;gsf] e"t r9]sf] xf] of pgnfo{ ;Nnfxlbg] ;Nnfxsf/n] g} s'/f ga'em]/ xf] k]g;g lbg] s'/f efif0f u/fpg yfn]sf 5g\. dgqlsf] kbwf/0f u/]b]lv g} s[lif dgql rf}w/l x/]s efif0fdf ls;fg k]g;gsf s'/f ub} { cfo{/x]sf 5g\. g t s[lif dgql rf}w/ln] ls;fg k]g;g pknaw u/fpg ;S5g\ g t ah]6nfo{ g} kl/jt{g ug{ ;S5g < t} pgl k]g;gs} k5fl8 kl//x]sf 5g\. o;sf] k5fl8 kg'{ egbf gf} dlxgfsf] cfo' lnp/ cfpsf dgql rf}w/ln] ls;fgx?n] dn, alpdf ef]ug' k/]sf ;d:of tyf l;+rfo{ c;'ljwfsf sf/0f af+emf] /x]sf hdlgnfo{ s;/l pkef]u ug]{ egg] lt/ nfubf a]z x'gyof] ls < cfkm\g} ;"rgf g]kfnsf] klxnf] s[lif ;fktflxssf kdf k sflzt s[lif ;fktflxsdf tkfo sf If]qdf ep u/]sf s[lif If]q; u ;DalGwt ;"rgf ;dfrf/ jf n]v /rgfx 5g\ eg] xfdlnfo{ lalxaf/leq k7fpg'x'g cg'/f]w ul/g5. ;Dks{ s[lif ;fktflxs, k'tnl;8s Od]n M sajnepal@gmail.com web: kmnkm"n / kmn t/sf/l s'xfpg] cf} +;f /fh' kf08] cf}+;f s] xf] M cf k, cdaf, sffqmf], s/]nf h:tf lalegg lsl;dsf kmnkm"n / kmn t/sf/ldf cf}+;f k/]sf] xfdl w]/}n] e]6]sf 5f}+. cf}+;fx? sl/f ;d"xsf lem+ufsf arrf x'g\, cyf{t, cf}+;fsf dfp lem+uf x'g. kmn s'xfpg] cf}+;fx? ;+;f/e/l g} k d'v lagfzl sl/fsf?kdf lrlgpsf 5g\. g]kfndf kfog] kmns'xfpg] cf}+;f AofS6«f];]/f Bactrocera hftldf kb{5g\. o; ;d'xsf w]/} h;f] k hftlx? rngrntlsf efiffdf km]/f]df]g elgg] So"n'/ Cuelure jf ldyfon o"lhgf]n Methyl eugenol elgg] /;flgs kbfy{ df cfslif{t x'g5g\. AofS6«f];]/f hftl leq klg km]/f]df]g 6«ofkdf gcfpg], s]xl k hfltx 5g\. g]kfndf ;'Gtnf afnlnfo vf; u/]/ AofS6«f];]/f 8f];fl{\n; / Aofs6«f];]/f ldgofs; ul/ b'o k hfltn] cfqmd0f u/]sf] kfopsf] 5. AofS6«f];]/f 8f];fl{n; w]/} k sf/sf kmnkm"ndf cfqmd0f ug]{, aif{df w]/} k6s hljgrqm k'/f ug]{, ldyfon o"lhgf]n df cfslif{t x'g] k hftl xf]. Aofs6«f];]/f ldgofs; ;'GtnfafnLdf cfqmd0f ug]{, aif{df Pp6f dfq lhjg rqm k'/f ug]{ / pk/f]qm b'a} /;fogdf cfslif{t gx'g] k hftl xf]. o;/l km/s rfn / afgl Aoxf]/f epsf] k hfltsf] lhjg rqm ;d]t km/s 5. t;y{, cf}+;f ls/f lgogq0f ug]{ tf}/ tl/sf klg km/s x'g5. t;y{, ;'Gtnf afnldf b'v lbg] cf}+;f s'g k hfltsf] xf] egg] lgs{\of}n ug{' h /L 5. s_ k hftl klxrfgm lem+ufsf] ;lx klxrfg ;j{bf ;a} egbf dxtjk"0f{ x'g5. cf}+;fsf klxrfg k s[ofdf dfp sl/fsf] ;foh, kv]6fdf epsf gzf / waaf jf yf]knfx?sf] pkl:ylt / agfj6, 6fpsf] 5ftL / k]6df kfog] /+usf k sf/, lalegg k sf/sf /f} h:tf c+ux?sf] ljt/0fsf] lgs} 7"nf] e'ldsf x'g5. To:t}, klxrfg ug{ s'g kmn jf t/sf/l df cfqmd0f ub{5 / s'g cfsif{s ugwdf cfslif{t x'g5 egg] s'/fn] klg d2t ub{5. lem+ufsf nfef{ -cf} +;f_ sf cfwf/df klxrfg ug{ lgs} sl7g x'g5. Aof= 8f];fl{\n;, -Bactrocera dorsalis, Oriental fruit fly_ cf}+;fsf] of] k hftln] d"vou/]/ ;'Gtnf, cffk, d]jf, cdaf nufot w]/} k sf/sf kmnkm"n afnldf cfqmd0f ub{5. xfn;dd!&# k sf/sf k hftlsf la?jfnfo{ o; sl/fn] cfqmd0f u/]sf] kfopsf] 5. g]kfndf klg of] Aofks?kdf km}lnpsf] cf}+;f sl/f xf]. of] ldyfon o"lhgf]ndf cfslif{t x'g] ;d"xdf kb{5. 3/ lem+uf egbf clnslt 7"nf] o;sl/fsf] 5ftL sfnf] / k]6 xnsf sfnf] j0f{sf] v}/f] x'g5 / 5ftLdf b'oj6f rldsnf kx]+nf w;f{x? kfog5g\. lolgx?sf] kv]6fdf s'g} a' f jf yf]knfx? gepsf, k'0f{ kf/blz{ x'g5g\. Aof= ldgofs; -B= minax, Citrus fruit fly_ of] cf}+;fn] ;'Gtnf hft afnldf laif]z?kdf ;tfpg] ub{5. s]xl ;do cufl8;dd of] sl/f wgs'6fif]qdf kfopsf] atfopsf] lyof] eg] xfn l;gw'nl /fd]5fksf] h'gf/ ptkfbg If]qdf ;d]t km}lnpsf] atfog5. of] lem+uf AofS6«f];]/fsf cgo k hftl egbf 7"nf] x'g5 / em x]bf{ ;fgf] af?nf] h:tf] b]lvg5. kv]6fsf] 6'Kkf lg/ sfnf] waaf kfog5. k]6 / 5ftL hf]l8psf] efu s]xl ;f 3'l/Psf] x'g' / lem+uf 7"nf] ;fohsf] x'g'n] o;nfo{ ;lhn} 5'6\ofpg ;lsg5. g]kfnsf] cnfjf of] sl/f e'6fg / lrgdf ;d]t km}lnpsf] 5. v_ hljg rqmm cf}+;f lem+uf k'0f{?kfgt/0f x'g] sl/f ;d'xdf kb{5. efn] lem+uf kf]yl egbf s]xl ;fgf] x'g5 / k]6sf] kl5nnf] efu a'rrf] x'g5. kf]yl lem+ufnfo{ o;sf] df]6f] / 8f]nf] k]6 tyf k]6sf] 6'Kkfdf epsf] ltvf] r'rrf] km'nkfg]{ c+usf] ;xfotfn] efn] af6 5' ofpg ;lsg5. kf]yl lem+ufsf] z/l/sf] kl5nnf] efudf /]l8of]sf] PG6]gf h:tf tgsfpg / v'drofpg ldng] km'n kfg]{ c+u x'g5. o;sf] ltvf] 6'Kkf]n] afnlsf 8fF7, km"n / kmn 5]8]/ cfkm\gf] km'n kfb{5. sltko afnldf o:tf] km'n kfl/psf] 3fpdf la?jfsf] /; lg:s]/ hd]sf] b]vg ;lsg5. lem+ufsf km'nx? xnsf?kdf aflëpsf / rldsnf ;]tf /+usf x'g5g\. o:tf km'n af6 dl;gf cf}+;f sl/f lg:sg5g\. cf}+;fsf] s'g} v' f x'b}g. 6fpsf] lt/ r'rrf] k/]sf] x'g5 eg] k'r5/ lt/ df]6f] x'g5. cf}+;fsf] d'vfs[lt Psbd} cnkljsl;t x'g] epsf]n] vfgf rkfpg ;Sb}g, t/ emf]n vfg]s'/f r':g ;Sb5. cf}+;f k/]sf kmnx? s'lxg z'? ub{5g\. sltko cj:yfdf o:tf kmn s'lxp/ emb{5g\. s'lx+b} u/]sf] kmnsf] /; r';]/ cf}+;fx? a9\b5g\ / k'0f{ ljsl;t ep kl5 kmndf Kjfn kf/l aflx/ lg:sg5g\. kmnaf6 lgl:spsf] cf}+;f hdlgdf ;'/lift :yfg vf]h]/ nfdrf], dfbn cfsf/sf] v}/f] /Ësf] Ko'kfdf ablng5. kl5 o;} af6 dfp lem+ufx? lg:sg5g\. lo dfpx? u'lnof] lrglo'qm vfgf vfp/ affrg ;Sg] ep klg k f]6lgo'qm vfgf gvfp;dd ;Gtfg ptkfbg ug{ ;Sb}gg\. dfp lem+ufx? vfgfsf] vf]hldf s'lxb} u/]sf] kmn, lj?jfsf] km"n, r/fsf] lji6f h:tf vfg]s"/f vf]hb} lx8\b5g\. lolgx?nfo{ rsf]{ 3fd dg gkg]{ epsf]n] af]6 lj?jfsf 5fxf/Ldf, kftsf] tnnf] ;txdf cf/fd u/]/ a;]sf] e]l6g5. hljg rqm k'/f ug{ nfug] ;do xfjfkfgl df e/ kb{5, udl{ ;dodf l56} of] rqm k'/f ub{5g\ eg] lr;f]df nfdf] ;do klg nfub5. Aof= 8f];fl{n;n] Ps jif{df w]/} a+z -% b]lv!%_ k'/f ug{ ;Sg] ep klg Aof= ldgofs;n] aif{sf] Pp6fdfq rqm k'/f ub{5. u_ lem+uf cg'udgm lem+ufsf] ultljlwsf] af/]df hfgsf/l epdf lgogq0f ;/n x'g5. w]/} h;f] cf}+;fsf efn]x? ldyfon o"lhgn jf So"n'/df cfslif{t x'g] epsf]n] lolgx?sf] k of]u af6 o:tf lem+ufsf] cg'udg / s]xl xb ;Dd lgogq0f ug{ ;lsg5. lo cfsif{s kf;f]df ldyfon o"lhgnn] s/la kf}g] lsld 6f9faf6 lem+ufx cfsif{0f ug{ ;Sb5g\. o:tf cfsif{s kbfy{nfo{ df]xgl kf;f]df k of]u ug{' kb{5. df]xgl kf;f] Pheromone trap df efn] lem+ufdfq cfslif{t x'g] epsf]n] kmnx?df cfqmd0f ug]{ kf]ylx?sf] cg'udg ug{ k f]6lg o'qm Dofskm]n kf;f]x?sf] k of]u ug{' kb{5. ldyfon o"lhgf]n df cfslif{t gx'g] Aof= ldgofs;nfo eg] k f]l6go'qm Dofskm]n kf;f]sf] ;xfotfn] cg'udg ul/g' kb{5. o;/l cg'udg ubf{ k fkt cfs8fsf cfwf/df lem+uf lgogq0fsf] of]hgf agfpg / kl5 lem+uf lgogq0f sfo{qmdsf] k efjsfl/tf cg'udg ug{ ;d]t d2t k'ub5. 3_ gf]s;fglsf] cfsngm cf}+;f lem+ufsf] cfly{s dxtj cf}+;fls/fn] afnl lj?jfdf ug]{ gf]s;fgl, o;n] k' ofpg] Ifltsf sf/0f ptkfbgdf cfpg] sld, sl/f lgogq0fdf nfug] vr{ / o;sf sf/0f nfug ;Sg] Aofkf/ k ltagw / Aofkf/sfnflu cfjzos pkrf/ ljwlsfnflu nfug] vr{sf] lx;fa u/]/ dfq lgsof}n ug{' kb{5. cf}+;f nfu]kl5 kmnx s'lxg] / emg]{ x'g5. em/]sf ;a} kmn cf}+;fsf sf/0fn] dfq geo cgo sf/0fn] klg x'g ;Sb5. t;y{, cf}+;fsf] sf/0fn] epsf] gf]s;fglnfo ;lx kdf cfsng u/lpdf kl5 k of]u ul/psf] lgogq0fsf pkfox slt k efjsf/l ep egg] d'nof+sg ug{ klg ;/n x'g5. ª_ cf}+;f lgogq0f!=kf;f]sf] k of]u: Aof= 8f];fl{n;nfO ldyfon o"lhgf]n / ljiffblo'qm kf;f]sf] k of]u u/]/ efn] lem+uf ljgfz sfo{ ug{ ;lsg5. t/ ldgofs; eg] o:tf /;fogdf cfslif{t gx'g] epsf]n k f]l6go'qm rf/f]sf] k of]u ug{' ;/;kmfo{m cf}+;f nfu]sf kmnx?nfo hddf u/]/ To; leqsf] lem+ufsf km'n / cf}+;fx?nfo{ gi6 ug{ ;s] qmlds?kdf cf}+;fnfo{ lgogq0f ug{ ;lsg5. tftf] kfgldf ksfp/, s'f8f] agfp/, jf ulx/f] vfn8f]df k'/]/, jf dl;gf] hfnl3/ jf kfn leq y'g]/ ltlgx?nfo df/]df lem+ufsf] csf]{ a+z lg:sg kfpb}g / qmdzm ltglx?sf] ;+Vof 36\g hfg5. #= ljiffblo'qm rf/f] lem+ufsf dfpx ha Ko'kfaf6 lg:sg5g\ ltglx km'n kfg{ t}of/ epsf x'fb}gg\. km'nkfg{ ol lem+ufx n] k f]l6go'qm vfgf vfg' h /L x'g5. lem+ufsf] olx sdhf]/lnfo pkof]u u/]/ k f]l6go'qm rf/f] agfog5 / To;nfO ljiffbl ;Fu ld;fp/ afnldf 5g{' kb{5. o;/l rf/f] ljiffbl 5bf{ cgo ljif h:tf] k'/} afnldf 5g{' kb}{g, km'6sf] b'/ldf ldln hlt 5g{' kb{5. k f]l6gsf] ugwdf lem+uf cfslif{t e} vffbf ljif nfu]/ db{5. $= h}ljs lgogq0fm cf}+;fsf km'n / nfef{x? kmnleq ;'/lift /xg] epsf]n] w]/} xbdf lolgx? cfkm\gf zq'x?, vf;u/]/ lzsf/l sl/f tyf r/fsf] cfqmd0faf6 arg ;kmn x'g] ub{5g\. Ko'kf agg] t/v/df nfu]sf / alg;s]sf nfef{x? eg] lalegg k sf/sf sldnfx?sf] lzsf/ x'g] ub{5g\. kmn leq ;'/lift /x] tfklg af?nf ;d'xsf s]xl k/lhlj sl/fx?n] cfkm\gf] nfdf] km'nkfg]{ c+usf] ;xfotfn] lolgx?sf] km'nnfo{ cfqmd0f ub{5g\. vf; u/]/ kmf]lko; hftlsf af?nfn] cf}+;fsf km'ndf cfkm\gf] km'n kfb{5 / To;nfO{ gi6 ub{5. To:t} l8x Lg; hftlsf af?nfn] nfef{ cf}+;f tyf Ko'kfdf cfqmd0f ub{5g\ / ltlgx?nfo{ dfl/lbg5g\. o:tf k/lhlj sl/f g]kfndf 5g\ sl 5}gg\ elg s'g} cwoog ul/psf] 5}g. cgo b]z af6 cfofltt o:tf k/lhlj sl/fn] cd]l/sfsf] xjfodf lgs} ;s[otf k'j{s cf}+;f lgogq0f u/]sf] kfopsf] 5. g]kfndf klg k fs[lts kdf g} s]xl k/lhljx x'g ;SbG, ltlgx?sf] vf]hl ul/ pkof]u ug]{ tkm{ sfd ug{' h /L 5. %= If]qut ;xeflutf 5/l5d]sLnfO{ ;+nug u/fpg]m lem+ufx? p8]/ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf hfg ;Sg] epsf]n] Ps hgfdfq ls;fgsf] d]xgt sd k efjsf/l x'g] epsf]n] 5/ l5d]ssf w]/} egbf w]/} ls;fgx?nfo{ cf}+;f lgogq0fsf k ljlw ckgfpg k ]l/t ug{' kb{5. vt/gfs zq' sl/f klg ef/tdf lgs} km}lnpsf] 5 / g]kfn k a]z u/]df o;n] 7'nf] xfgl k'of{pg ;Sg] 5. cfkmgf] b]zdf epsf / gepsf b'a} vfn] cf}+;fsl/fsf] /fd f] hfgsf/l /fvg ;s]df cfjzos lgu/fgl / lgogq0f ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] 5.

3 + + { s[lif ;fktflxs ;fn efb ^ ut] ;f]daf/ # +sf] kl/of]hgfsf] sf]7] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfo{, s]o'ljs]df sd{rf/lx?sf] /hfo{ + a'6jn. gfd Pp6f sfd cs]{ epkl5 s:sf] n] nfu5 / <. ut z'qmjf/!$ ut] a'6jndf Pp6f km/s vfnsf] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfo{ ;DkGg eof]. ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfo{ eg]kl5 ;]jf k bfos ;+:yf / ;] ]jflng] JolQmx?sf ljrdf ep u/]sf u'gf;fx?nfo{ cgt/lqmof ul/g5. t/ a'6jndf ut z'qmjf/ lbp;f] sl/j! ah] km/s k s[ltsf] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfo{ eof]. Tof] klg a'6jnsf] dx+uf] /]i6'/]g6df. ;fdfgo tof s'g} klg ;fj{hlgs v'nnf :yfgdf ;]jf k bfg ug]{ ;+:yf / ;]jf lng] JolQmx?sf] ljrdf ug]{ ul/g5. t/ a'6jndf lkmn8 sfof{no ep/ n'ldagl lhnnf / /fktl c~rnsf $ lhnnfdf sfo{if]q epsf] s[lif ljsf; dgqfno dftxtdf /x]sf] ls;fgsf nflu pggt ljp ljhg sfo{qmdn] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfo{ tyf cgt/lqmof sfo{qmd a'6jnsf] dx+uf] xf]6n xf]6n l;4fy{ sh]6 P08 /]i6'/]g6df u/]sf] xf]. z'qmjf/ lbp;f] sl/j! ah] kqsf/ / sfof{nodf sfo{/t sd{rf/lx?sf] ar{:j /x]sf] sfo{qmddf s]xl k ltlglw ;/sf/l sfof{nosf JolQmx?nfO{ ;d]t ;xeful u/fopsf] lyof]. ls;fgsf nflu pggt ljp ljhg sfo{qmd gfds kl/of]hgf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sd nfufgl / ljb]z xl/of] 8n/jfnf cfo{ PghLcf]sf] al9 nufgl epsf] kl/of]hgf xf]. ljb]z 8naf6 rn]sf] ;+:yfn] s'g} klg ls;fgx?sf] ;xeflutf ljgf cfkm\gf sfof{nosf sd{rf/l / s]xl l;ldt kqsf/x?nfo{ dx+uf] xf]6ndf af]nfp/ ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfo{ tyf cgt/lqmof sfo{qmd u/]sf] xf]. 7'nf] xl/of] /+u kf]t]sf] Aofg/ agfopsf] sfo{qmddf :ki6?kdf g} ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfo{ sfo{qmd eg]/ pnn]v ul/psf] lyof]. hgf kqsf/x?af6 lgdtf] kfp/ ;xeful x'g upsf Ps hgf :yfglo ldl8ofsf kqsf/ egb} lyp, vf]o{ ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfo{ /], xfdnfo{ t kqsf/ ;Dd]ng eg]/ af]nfopsf] lyof]. pgl Jofg/df ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfo{ n]v]sf] b]v]kl5 s]xl al/i7 kqsf/x?n] ;d]t ufo{u'o{ u/]sf lyp. s[lif ljsf; dgqfno s[lif tyf vfb ;'/Iff cfof]hgf ;fgf cg'bfgsf] nflu k :tfj cfjxfg ;DjlGw ;"rgf s[lif tyf vfb ;'/Iff cfof]hgf nfu" epsf dwoklzrdf~rn / ;'b'/klzrdf~rnsf dwo tyf prr kxf8l!( lhnnf cgtu{tsf lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, lhnnf kz';]jf sfof{no / lhnnf :jf:yo sfof{nox?af6 sfo{qmd nfu" epsf!) uflj;x?df sfo{/t s[ifs ;d"x ;xsf/l tyf cfdf ;d"x?nfo{ s[lif afnl, kz'kg5l kfng / kf]if0f ;DjlGw k ljlwx? cjndjgdf 6]jf k' ofpg k ltikwf{tds?kdf ;fgf cg'bfg k fkt ug{ b]xfo adf]lhd k :tfj cfajfg ul/psf] Joxf]/f ;j}nfo{ hfgsf/l u/fo{g5. k :tfj kmf/d ;DjlGwt sfof{nox?af6 tyf cfof]hgfsf] j]j;fo{6 af6 ;d]t 8fpgnf]8 ug{ ;lsg5. sfo{qmd nfu" epsf lhnnfx? dwoklzrdf~rn -x'dnf, h'dnf, sfnlsf]6, d'u', 8f]Nkf, hfh/sf]6, ;'v]{t, b}n]v,?s'd, /f]nkf, ;Nofg, Ko"7fg_ ;'b"/klzrdf~rn -bfr'{nf, afh'/f, 8f]6L, a}t8l, 88]Nw'/f, aemfë, c5fd. k :tfj kmf/d kfo{g] tyf btf{ ug] { :yfg afnl tkm{ lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no kz'kfng tkm{ lhnnf kz';]jf sfof{no / kf]if0f ;'wf/ tkm{ lhnnf :jf:yo sfof{nox?df k :tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg] ;d"x? sfo{qmd nfu" epsf uflj;df btf{ epsf s[lif, kz'kfng ;d"x ;xsf/l cfdf ;d" xx? dlxnf ljsf; tyf ul/jl lgjf/0f sf]if cgtu{t ul7t ;d"x? k :tfj btf{ ug] { ldlt )% )# )^ )^ ;Dd sfof{no ;do leq ;fgf cg'bfg cgtu{t k :tfj ug{ ;lsg] sfo{ { If]qx? M s_ s[lif afnl tkm{ M v]tl k 0ffnLdf ;'wf/, pggt alpsf] k ;f/ tyf lj:tf/, PsLs[t zq'hlj Joj:yfkg, pggt s[lif ogq tyf cf}hf/x?-h:t} kfj/ l6n/, y ];/ cflb_ sf] pkof]u, xl/tu[x Knfli6s 6g]n tyf s[lif a:t' k zf]wg -h:t} kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/l k zf]wg_, 3/fo;L ptkflbt a:t'x?sf] ahf/ls/0f, /li6s :6f]/, alp k zf]wg / ahf/ls/0fsf nflu 5fk f] lgdf{0f esf/f] ;'wf/ tyf uf]7]dn Joj:yfkg cflb. v_ kz'kfng tkm{m kz' gzn ;'wf/, b"w lr:ofg s]gb ;~rfng, ;fgf 8]/L, afv fkfng, ;fgf x\ofr/l :yfkgf / ;~rfn, s'v'/fkfng, kz'kg5l bfgf ptkfbg, kz'uf]7 lgdf{0f, 8fn]3f+; g;{/l :yfkgf, kz'kg5l xf6ahf/ ;]8 lgdf{0f ;~rfng cflb. u_ kf]if0f l:yltdf ;'wf/ tkm{m ;fd'bflos vfbfgg j}s :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng, ;jf] {Qd lk7f] h:tf a:t' ptkfbgsf nflu ;fd'bflos lk;fgl-community grinding_ s]gb ;~rfng, ;'wfl/psf] r'nxf], afof]uof; KnfG6 h8fg tyf ;~rfng tyf dlxnfx?sf] sfo{af]em sd ug] { vfnsf cgo ; ;fgf k ljlwx? cflb. k'gzr M o; cfof]hgf cgtu{t JolQmnfO{;fgf cg'bfg pknaw u/fpg] k fjwfg /x]sf] 5}g. tlg j6}sfof{nodf btf{x'g cfpsf k :tfjx? lhnnf cfof]hgf ;dgjo OsfO{sf] j}7s a;l d"nof+sg tyf 5gf}6 ul/g] 5. k :tfj a'emfpg] clgtd c;f]h ^ ut] ;Dd -sfof{no ;doleq_ yk hfgsf/lsf nflu cfcfkm\gf] ;d"x ;xsf/l tyf sfo{qmd;+u ;DjlGwt /x]sf lhnnfsf lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, lhnnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, / lhnnf :jf:yo sfof{nox?df ;Dks{ u/l hfgsf/l lng ;lsg]5. pk cfof]hgf k :tfj ubf{ &$ leq ;DkGg ug{ ;lsg]nfo{ dfq 5gf}6 ul/g] u/l k :tfj k]z ug' { kg] { 5. cgo hfgsf/lsf nflu cfof]hgf Joj:Yffkg sfof{nosf] kmf]g g+= )! $))$)&% df ;Dks{ ug{ ;lsg] Pj+ cfof]hgfsf] j]j;fo{6 klg x]g{ ;lsg] 5. kl/of]hgf k d'vsf]?kdf /x]/ ;]tf] gda/ Kn]6sf] sf/ r9\b} sfo{qmd :yndf k'u]sf kl/of]hgf k d'v nid0f kf}8]nn] kqsf/?nfo{ o;f] u/l ;dfrf/ n]vg', p;f] u/l ;dfrf/ n]vg';dd egg EofP. sfo{qmdd ;~rfnnn] kqsf/x?sf] nflu ;'?d} vfhf / vfdsf] ;d]t Joj:yf epsf] egg EofPsf lyp. sfo{qmddf cfdgq0f ul/psf O{nfsf k zf;g sfof{no a'6jnsf k d'v s[i0fk ;fb e08f/ln] sfo{qmd ;'? epsf] s]xl ;doodf pkl:yt epsf lyp. pgnfo{ cfof]hs ;+:yfn] ;xfos k d'v lhnnf clwsf/l egb} cfzg u x0f u/fpsf lyp. ut cfly{s aif{df ls;fgsf] nflu pggt ljp ljhg sfof{no a'6jnsf] ah]6 sl/j *$ s/f]8 /x]sf] lyof]. of] cfly{s aif{df ah]6sf] cfsf/ a9]/ em08} 8]9 s/f]8 cyf{t! nfv?k}of k' ofopsf] 5. ls;fgsf] nflu n'ldagl c~rnsf u'ndl / c3f{vffrl lhnnf / /fktl c~rnsf Ko'7fg, /f]nkf,?s'd / ;Nofg lhnnfdf cfkm\gf] sfo{ If]q /x]sf] 5. t/ lkmn8 sfof{no eg] a'6jn!# of]uls'6ldf /flvpsf] 5. Pl; hl8t sfof{nodf a;]/ kxf8l lhnnfsf sfo{qmd of]hgf agfpg] pqm sfof{nodf s/f/df sd{rf/l lgo'qm ubf{ ;d]t 3f]6fnf epsf] lyof]. lnlvt kl/iffdf! gda/df gfd lgsfng] pdd]bjf/nfo{ kx'rsf] cfwf/df k5fl8 kf/]/ bf]; f] gda/df gfd lgsfn]sf JolQmnfO{ sfof{non] hflu/ lbpsf] lyof] Tof] klg kx'rs} cfwf/df. ut z'qmjf/ cfof]hgf ul/psf] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfo{ tyf cgt/lqmof sfo{qmddf ;f]xl sfof{nosf # hgf clkm;/ n]jnsf JolQmx?n] cfkm\gf] sfof{non] u/]sf] k ult k ltj]bg k :t't u/]sf lyp. sfo{qmddf ;xeful epsf O{nfsf k zf;g sfof{no a'6jnsf k d'v s[i0fk ;fb e08f/ln] of] sfo{qmd a'6jndf /x]sf] egg] af/]df cfkm'nfo{ klxnf] k6s yfxf kfpsf] ;d]t egg EofPsf lyp. sf]; tyf n]vf lgogq0f sfof{no ædf6f]sf] pj{/fzlqm a9fcf} s[lif ptkfbgsf] a[l4 u/f} +.Æ u'0f:t/lo ;fn6 6]«l8Ë o'l/of dn k of]u u/f} +. o'l/of gfo{6«f]hg $^Ü g]kfn ;/sf/4f/f cg'bflgt dn 6] h]7af6 «l8ë skf] s[lif {/]zg ;fktflxs lnld6]8 x/]s ;f]daf/ tkfo sf] sflndf6l, sf7df8f} kmf]g M $@&!)!$ xftdf Od]n M trade@stcnepal.com?kgb]xlsf cg';f/ ;a}egbf al9 a]?h' / ah]6 lkm h epsf] sfof{nosf]?kdf kg] { ls;fgsf nflu pggt ljp ljhg sfof{non] pqm sfo{qmddf kqsf/ tyf cfdlgqtx?nfo{ /fd } vfdagbl lbpsf] lyof].! xhf/?k}ofdf s/ s6\6l ul/ afl9psf] /sddf s]xl kqsf/x?n] klg lsg sf6]sf] ;Dd egg EofPsf lyp. ;'?d} eqf a'em]/ 6fk s:g] s]xl kqsf/x?nf] vfd agbl a'em]/ lx8]sf lyp eg] sfo{qmddf vfhfsf]?kdf nlnkk, dmd / cgo /S;Ldf vfg] e6\df; / u]8fu'8lsf] lds; r6k6] ;d]t ;dfj]z ul/psf] lyof]. ls;fgsf] nflu sfd ug]{ egb} vf]lnpsf] sfof{non] nnl kk / dmd ;lxtsf] x]jl gf:tf / vfdagbl /fd} 6s/fPkl5 s]xl 6k/] ;xefulx? eg] xf}l;psf lyp eg] s]xl kfsf k':tfsf kqsf/x?n] eg] ls;fgsf] nflu xf]sl sfd u/]sf] xfd f] nflu egb} Jof+u ;d]t xfg]sf lyp. Ps hgf ;xefuln] eg]- x}g vfhf t 8/nd} NofPsL Sof xf] x]lj g} 5 x}. sfo{qmddf ljlegg sfo{nosf k d'v tyf k ltlwx?nfo{ cfdgq0f ul/psf] epklg clwsf+; sfof{nosf JolQmx?n] sfo{qmddf pkl:ytl hgfpgg\. O{nfsf k zf;g sffo{no a'6jnsf k d'v s[i0fk ;fb e08f/l, lhnnf kz' ljsf; sfof{no e}/xjfsf k d'v 8f= ufgwl/fh pkfwofonfo{ sfo{qmddf af]ng] df}sf ;d]t lbopsf] lyof]. t/ ;f]xl sfof{qmddf lgdtf] kfp/ upsf lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sffo{no e}/xjfsf afnl ljsf; clws[t /fd axfb'/ vqlnfo{ cfof]hsn] lrgg klg ;s]g\. bz{s lb3f{af6} pgl ljbf ep eg] b'uw ljsf; ;+:yf a'6jnsf goff xflsd u0f]z lh;l sfo{qmddf cfof]hsn] af]ng] df}sf glbp klg cfkm} dfo{s ;dfp/ afn]sf lyp.sfo{qmddf ;xeful sltkon] sfo{qmddf ls;fgsf] nlu pggt ljp egbf klg xflsdx?sf] lhp epsf] l6kk0fl u/]sf lyp.

4 { s[lif ;fktflxs ls;fgx?sf nflu ;fn efb ^ ut] ;f]daf/ 4 s[lif df};d ;Nnfx ;]jf a'n]l6g hf/l ldlt M % ebf} cjlw M % )( nflu M jf s],?kgb]xl, af/f lhnnf -hf/l ug] { M PPCR/BRCH/AMIS Project, MOAd,AERD, NARC and Agro-met Section, DHM) df};dl ;Ddsf] df};dl cj:yf df};dl ljj/0f lhnnf af+s]?kgb]xl af/f %@=$ &=* &=) ##=! #^=% #!=* #&=$ &^=%!)) &) () *& (# ^! (*=$ %) &% ^! &@ )=^^ $=@% #=@%!)=) )=) %=&% s"n aiff{ -ld=dl=_ clwstd\ tfkqmd - ) ;]l06u ]8_ sf] bfo/f Go"gtd tfkqmd - ) ;]l06u ]8_ sf] bfo/f clwstd ;fk]lift cfb {tf -Ü_ sf] bfo/f Go"gtd ;fk]lift cfb {tf -Ü_ sf] bfo/f xfjfsf] ult-ld ;]_sf] bfo/f xfjfsf] lbzfsf] ;Ddsf] df};d ljj/0f ljj/0f aiff{ -ld=dl_ clwstd\ tfkqmd - ) ;]l06u ]8_ sf] bfo/f Go"gtd tfkqmd - ) ;]l06u ]8_ sf] bfo/f clwstd ;fk]lift cfb tf -Ü_ sf] bfo/f Go"gdt ;fk]lift cfb tf xfjfsf] ult km/s xfjfsf] lbzf pq/{ k"j{ blif0f lhnnf af+s]?kgb]xl &=) ##=) #^=) #%=) #&=& (%=) (*=$ ^*=@ *$=# )=) #=) pq/ blif0f klzrd s[lif ;Nnfx pq/ k"j{ &@ (( %% ^%!=&% (=) k"j{ &@ (@ ^$ *=) pq/ k"j{ blif0fk"j{ k"j{ blif0f k"j{ s_ df};d ljzn]if0f M ut xktfsf] ;du df};dl ljzn]if0f -jf s]_ af s] M ut xktfsf] lbp+;f]sf] tfkqmd #^=) ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf ^*=@Ü_ /Xof].?kGb]xL M ut xktfsf] lbpf;f]sf] tfkqmd #&=& ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf %%Ü_ /Xof]. af/f M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #%=^) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf ^$Ü_ /Xof]. ut xktfsf] df};d k"jf{g'dfg cg';f/ af+s]df -@(=^ ld=ld=_,?kgb]xldf -!)=& ld=ld=_ / af/fdf -&=) ld= ld=_ jiff{ eof]. ;fy} af s],?kgb]xl / af/fdf clwstd tfkqmd cl3nnf] xktfdf h:t} /x\of]. cfp+bf] xktfsf] df};d cj:yf -jf s]_m ;ftfel/ g} cf+lzsb]lv ;fdfgo abnl x'g] ;Defjgf 5 / ;ftfsf] z'? / cgtodf ;fdfgo aiff{sf] ;Defjgf 5. ;ftfsf] z'? / cgtodf lbp+;f] clwstd tfkqmddf s]xl sdl x'g] b]lvg5 eg] ;fk]lifs cfb {tf s]xl a9\g] b]lvg5. ;ftfsf] dwolt/ clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a9\g] / ;fk]lifs cfb {tfdf eg] s]xl sdl cfpg] b]lvg5. -?kgb]xl_m ;ftfel/ g} cf+lzsb]lv ;fdfgo abnl x'g] ;Defjgf 5 / ;ftfsf] z'? / cgtodf ;fdfgo aiff{sf] ;Defjgf 5. ;ftfsf] z'? / cgtodf lbp+;f] clwstd tfkqmddf s]xl sdl x'g] b]lvg5 eg] ;fk]lifs cfb {tf s]xl a9\g] b]lvg5. ;ftfsf] dwolt/ clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a9\g] / ;fk]lifs cfb {tf l:y/ /xg] b]lvg5. -af/f_m ;ftfel/ g} cf+lzsb]lv ;fdfgo abnl x'g] ;Defjgf 5 / ;ftfsf] z'? / dwo;dddf l56k'6 aiff{sf] ;Defjgf 5 eg] ;ftfsf] cgtolt/ clwstd tfkqmddf s]xl lu/fj6 x'g] b]lvg5. ;ftfsf] cgtolt/ ;fk]lifs cfb {tf s]xl a9\g] b]lvg5. v_ afnlgfnl M wfg M ) wfg /f]k]sf] # xktf e};s]sf] l;+lrt If]qsf] v]tdf s[ifsx?n] uf]8d]n u]kl5 dfq $ s]hl #%) u fdk lt s fsf] bn] o'lof dn 6k8«; ug'{kb{5. ) cl;+lrt If]qsf ls;fgx?n] z'?df o'l/of dnsf] k'} dfqf gfv]sf] ep # s]hl ^)) u fd o'lof dn k lt s fsf] fbn] wfg f]k]sf] # xktfkl5 6k8«; ug'{ pko'qm x'g5 ) s]xl xktfb]lv aiff{ sd ep;+u} wfgdf ujf/f]sf] ;d:of b]lvg yfn]sf]n] ujf/f]sf] k sf]k epsf] 7fp+df yfof]l8sfj{ &% 8An'=kL= - Thiodicarb 75% u fd k lt lnt/ kfgldf ld;fo{ kfgl gk/]sf] a]nfdf l:6s/ ld;fo{ 5s{g' xf]nf. ;fy} ujf/] sl/fsf] lgoldt cg'udg ug'{ xf]nf. ) cfufdl ;ftf ;fdfgo aiff{sf] ;Defjgf epsf]n] ldnl ausf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ljiffbl 5s{g' pko'qm x'+b}g. ldnl ausf] k sf]k sd ug{ wfg v]tleq / jl/kl/ /x]sf 3f+;kftx? x6fpg] / v]tdf kfglsf] ;tx-% & ;]=dl_ sfod /flv/fvg kb{5. wfg v]tdf kft a]?jf sl/f wfg v]tdf kft a]?jf sl/f n] gf]s;fgl ug]{ ;do epsfn] lgoldt cg'udg ug'{ xf]nf. of] sl/fsf] gf]s;fgl sd ug{sf] nflu M of] sl/fsf] km'nx? epsf] kftsf] 6'Kkf] r'8]/ gi6 ug]{, gfo6«f]hg o'qm dnsf] ;Gt'lnt dfqf k of]u ug]{, wfg v]tsf] /fd /L uf]8d]n ug]{, sf+8]bf/ 8f]/L jf sf+8fbf/ n L lno{ b'j} 5]pdf ;dft]/ b'o{ 5]pdf a:g] / wfgnfo{ 5'jfP/ qmdz M ljkl/t lbzflt/ hfg]. o;f] ugf{n] wfgsf] kftdf /x]sf kft a]?jfsf nfef{x? kfgldf v;]/ gi6 x'g5g\. ;fy} v]tdf o;sf] k b]lv #) k ltzt;dd b]lvpdf ljiffblsf] k of]u gug'{xf]nf. - of] cj:yf;dd cfly{s?kdf Iflt gx'g] ;fy{ wfg v]tdf epsf ldq hlj sl/fx? gi6 x'g] epsf]n]_ d?jf/f]u -Anfi6_ nif0f of] /f]u wfgsf] uf+h nfug] cj:yfdf kftdf nfug] /f]u xf]. kftsf] b'a} 5]p lt/ r'lrrpsf c08fsf/ v}/f yf]knfx? b]lvg' o;sf] nif0f xf].ol yf]knfsf] ljrdf ;]tf] ljgb' x'g5 / lj:tf/} a9\b} uo{ kftx? 89\b} hfg5. /f]usf] Joj:yfkg M jld jf cgo s'g} 6«fO;fOSNofhf]n o'qm ljiffbl! u fd k lt ln6/ kfgldf ldnfo{ 5g] { jf sf;' Pd Pn k lt ln6/ kfgldf ld;fo{ &!) lbgsf] k6s 5g] {. 89'jf /f]u-jofs6]l/on AnfO6_ /f]usf] nif0fm cs;/ kftsf] lsgf/faf6 kfgln] leh]sf] h:tf] nfdf gfuj]nl w;f{x? b]lvg5g\. kl5 up/ of] efu k/fn] /+udf kl/0ft x'g5. /f]ul kftnfo{ sf6]/ kfgldf e/]sf] l;;fsf] Unf; jf 6]i6 6\o'jdf grnfo{ /fv]df sfl6psf] efuaf6 zfsf0f' kfgldf em/]sf] k i6 b]lvg5. wfg xktf kl5 jf]6 cf]onfp5. /f]usf] zfsf0f' jf]6sf] k'/} efudf km}lng5 / uf+h cf]onfo{ dg{ yfn5 o;nfo{ s];]s elgg5. /f]uu :t jf]6sf] 8f+7nfO{ sf6l lgrf]bf{ xnsf kx]nf] /+usf] b Jo lg:sg5. /f]usf] Joj:yfkg M jf]6nfo{ ;se/ 3fprf]6 nfugaf6 jrfpg] / wfgsf] 6'Kkf sf6\g] rngnfo{ x6fpg] h;n] ubf{ /f]usf zfsf0f' ;lhn} ;Fu jf]6 leq k:g ;Sb}g. Pu Ldf;Lg -!)) u fd k lt # ln6/ kfglsf b/n] ldnfo{ 5g] {. ufo{sf] tfhf uf]j/ %) u fd k lt ln6/ kfglsf b/n] 3f]n agfo{ To;nfO{ 5fg]/ 5bf{ of] /f]u s]xl xb;dd lgogq0f x'g5. v}/f /f]u of] /f]u s'g} vf; hljf0f'af6 x'g] geo{ lh+s gfds ;'Id vfb ttjsf] sdln] ubf{ x'g5. nif0 fm wfg /f]k]sf]!)-!% lbg kl5g} b]vf kb{5. z' df af]6sf] tnnf] cyf{t k'/fgf] kft kx]nf] eo{ kftsf] gzfsf] ljrdf a9l kx]nf]kg b]lvg5. o;/l kx]nf]kg a9l x'g'sf] ;fy} kftdf v}/f] /+usf] clt ;fgf ;fgf yf]knfx sf] waaf ljsf; eo{ kft k'/} abfdl v}/f] /+usf] x'g hfg5. o:tf lj jfsf] j[l4 clt sd x'g5, af]6 xf]rf] x'g5, ufh sd nfu5 / k'/} af]6 d/]/ hfg klg ;S5. /f]u Joj:yfkgM v]tdf kfgl lgsf;sf] /fd f] k agw ldnfpg]. nufo{ ;s]sf] wfg afnldf of] /f]u b]vf k/]df!&) u fd lh+s ;Nkm]6 / *% u fd s[lif r"g #@ ln6/ kfgldf ldnfo{ k lt sfsf b/n] cfjzostf k6s!)-!@ lbgsf] km/sdf 5g] jf ahf/df kfo{g] lh+s ttj ;'Id dnvfbsf] k of]u pv' ) aiff{tsf] ;do epsf]n] huufdf kfgl hdg glbgsf] nflu lgsf;sf] plrt k jgw ug'{xf];\. ) pv' afnldf kftsf] km8\s] sl/f -pyrilla_ nfug] ;do epsf]n] o;sf] lgoldt cjnf]sg ug{'xf]nf. pv'sf] 6'Kkf]df nfug] ujf/f] -Sugarcane top borer_ of] ;dodf pv' afnldf o; slfsf] k sf]k b]lvg] epsfn] lgoldt cg'udg ug' {xf]nf. gf]s;fglsf] nif0f M gof+ u'jf] dg]{, z'?df kftsf] d"n g;fdf ;]tf] ª\sf] ; ;fgf ;'?ux? b]lvg5, h'g # $ lbg kl5 /ftf] /+usf] x'g5. goff lg:s]sf] kftsf] d"n g;f sf] b'j}lt ;dfgfgt Kjfnx? b]lvg5. o;sf] k sf]k a9\b} updf d"n xf+ufaf6 w]/} xf+ufx? lg:sg5g\. #= c/x/ abfd- d'dkmnl_ e6df; ) c/x/, abfd / e6df; nufo{psf] huufdf kfgl lgsf;sf] Joj:yf ug' { xf]nf. )c/x/ abfd / e6df; nufo{ {Psf huufdf uf]8d]n u/l ps]/f nufpg] pko'qm x'g5 $ cfn' ) t/fo{df cfn' nufpg] ;do cfpg nfu]sf]n] l;kmfl/; ul/psf s'lk m l;gb'/l, 8]lh/], v'dn v'dn phhjn, v'dn pkxf/ dwo] pknaw hftx?sf] u'0f:t/lo alp %) lsnf] k lt s fsf b/n] Joj:yf ug]{. ;fy} l8pkl &=# lsnf], o'l/of $=& lsnf], Do'/]6 ckm kf]6f; #=# lsnf] / sdkf]6 jf uf]7]dn!))) lsnf] k lt s fsf b/n] Joj:yf ug]{. %=kmnkm"n afnl ) s]/f v]tl ug{' epsf s[ifsx?n] s]/fsf] 3f/Ldf k z:t sf]yfx? cfpg] epsf]n] j6f sf]yf dfq /xg] ul/ af+sl sf]yfx? x6fpg' k5{. sf]yf x6fpg s]/fsf] 3f/Lsf] sf]yf km]b}b]lv pv]ng' k5{. ) s]/fsf] 3/Ldf sfo{of] alg;s]/ sf];f nfug 5f]8]sf] 5 eg] a'ëf sf6]/ x6fpg' kb{5. ) sfutlsf af]6x?df stn] sl/f, kt]/f], gof+ kfn'jfdf nfug] nfxl, kft vfg] nfe ], ;'n;'n] cflb a9l cfpg ;Sg] epsf]n] klxrfg ul/ lgogq0f ug{ 'kb{5. ) jiff{tsf] ;dodf kfgl hd]/ sfutldf h/f s'lxg] /f]u b]vf k/]df jf k'/} af]6df kft kx] +nf] b]lvpdf!ü af]8f] { ld>0f agfo{ h/f lehg] ul/ 8«]lGrª ug{ 'kb{5. ) sfutlsf] af]6sf] sfkdf cfpg] gof+ ;Lwf 7f8f] a9\g] xf+uf -rf]/ xf+uf_ lg/lif0f u/l x6fpg' kb{5. ) kmn l6lk;s]sf] cf+ksf] af]6nfo{ o;} xktfb]lv ;fpg;dd gfo{6«f]hg %)) u fd, u fd / kf]6f; %)) u fd k lt af]6sf b/n] af]6sf] xf+ufx?sf] km}nfj6 epsf] If]qkmn leq jf d'vo sf08b]lv!)) ;]= dl= ;Dd 6f9f ld;fp/ 5/L!% ;]= dl= hdlg d'lg x'g] ul/ k'g{'kb{5. ) cf+kdf sndl ug] { pko'qm ;do epsf]n] a]gf{ ptkfbg ug] { s[ifsx?n] sndl ug' {xf];\. t/sf/l afnlx? ) le08ldf kmn / 8f+7df Kjfn kfg] { sl/fsf] k sf]k x'g] x' +bf lgoldt cjnf]sg ug{ 'kb{5. o:tf] nif0f b]lvpdf Iflt epsf] efu sf6]/ hnfo{ lbg'kb{5. ) le08ldf km8\s] sl/f -Jassid_ sf] ;d:of b]lvg] x'gfn] kmn l6kg] cj:yfegbf klxn] o;sf] k sf]k b]lvpdf lkmk f]gln *) 8An'= kl= % u fd!^ ln6/ kfgldf 3f]n]/ 5g{ 'kb{5. jf Old8fSnf]lk 8!&=* P;\ Pn\ Ps Pd= Pn= Ps ln6/ kfgldf 3f]n]/ 5g{ 'kb{5. kmn l6kg] cj:yf 5 eg] dfnflyog %) O= Pd= Pn= Ps ln6/ kfgldf 3f]n]/ 5g{ 'kb{5. jf 8fOSnf]/f]e; &^ O= Pd= Pn= Ps ln6/ kfgldf 3f]n]/ 5g{ 'kb{5. dfnflyog 5s] {sf] & lbg;dd / 8fOSnf]/f]e; 5s] {sf] % lbg;dd kmn l6kg x' +b}g. ) e06fsf] 8f+7 tyf kmnsf] uaf/f] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ujf/f]sf] sf/0f cf]o{nfpsf] d'g6f, kft tyf kmn l6kl s/lj! km'6 ulx/f] vf8ndf k'g]{ jf hnfpg]. Snf]/fg6«flglnk f]n -sf]/fh]g_!*=% O=l;= )=@ ld=ln= k lt ln6/ kfgldf ld;fo{ af]6 lehg] u/l 5g{' kb{5. ) aiff{tsf] ;dodf kfgl hd] af]8ldf kft kx]+lng] ;d:of b]lvg] x'+bf o;af6 hf]ufpg kfgl lgsf;sf] plrt Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5. ) s/]nf nf}sf afnldf ujf/f]n] w]/} Iflt k' ofpg] epdf /f]u #) Pd Pn k lt ln6 kfgldf ld;fo{ ;f+emsf] ;dodf af]6 lehg] ul 5g'{ kb{5.

5 { ' s[lif ;fktflxs /f]huf/lsf] Uof/]06L kz' :jf:yosdl{ sf7df8f}+. ufp x?df cem} klg u fdl0f kz' :jf:yo sfo{stf{x? e]l6g5g\. ufp 6f]ndf ;fgf e]6]l/g/l kmdf{ rnfpg]b]lv kz'df b]lvg] :jf:yo ;d:osf] pkrf/df pglx?sf] ;lqmotf b]lvg5. t/, cem} y'k } To:tf ufp 5g, hxf kz'k+ifldf b]lvpsf :jf:yo ;d:of / /f]ux? lgbfgsf nflu O{Zj/sf] e/ú kg{ 'kg] { cj:yf 5. Joj;flos ;Lk tyf tflnd ljsf; kl/ifb\ -;L6LOeL6L_sf ;"rgf dxfzfvfsf clws[t ;+u fd uf}td eg5g\ s[lif tyf kz'kfngdf cfl>t ufp+3/sf o'jfx?n] kz' :jf:yo ;]jfaf/] tflnd lnp /f]huf/lsf] af6f] klg v'n5. ufp+3/df klg kz'kfns s[ifsx?nfo{ ;xh x'g5.ú u fdl0f kz' :jf:yo sfo{stf{sf?kdf sfd ug] {x? :j/f]huf/ x'g5g\. Joj;flos kz'kfngsf] qmd a9\b} ubf{ kz' :jf:yo pkrf/sf] tflnd lnpsfx?nfo{ hljg lgjf{xsf nflu cfocfh{g ug{ ljb]z g} hfg'kb}{g. 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6 s[lif Nepal's First Agriculture weekly August 22, ;fn 2016, efb ^ ut] Sunday ;f]daf/ 6 General Principles of Meat Inspection. To ensure the supply of clean wholesome and nutritious meat from healthy animals it is essential to carry out a complete and orderly antemortem and postmortem examination of the slaughtered animals. It is also necessary to supervise the distribution of meat from the slaughterhouses to markets, shops and on to the consumers to avoid infection and spoilage during storage, handling and transport. For this an efficient meat inspection and distribution system would be required. But effective inspection requires suitably constructed slaughter houses having cold storage facilities, trained inspectors and office regulations for controlling the meat trade. In Nepal, some municipal bye-laws do exist to conduct meat inspection but practically these are not comprehensive enough to be effective. A Meat inspection act has been promulgated in B.S.2055, regulation B.S 2057 and directive B.S 2064 to enforce proper control over meat trade. Ante mortem examination of livestock is very essential to safeguard the health of the meat consumer. The examination being done before slaughtering the animal helps in detecting the observable lesions of the disease which may not be distinct on postmortem examination. Further in the absence of detailed antimortem examination wrong judgment might get delivered. It is also essential to prevent from zoonotic diseases. Postmortem inspection needs a trained meat inspector who has to be present at the time of slaughter bleeding and dressing of the carcass. He should carryout postmortem in a systematic manner so that no part or organ remains unexamined. The slaughterhouse should have abundant natural light and where artificial light is needed, bulbs emitting white light should be installed. Postmortem Inspection A trained meat inspector should be present at the time of slaughter, bleeding and dressing of the carcasses. He should carry out postmortem inspection in a methodical manner so that no part or organ remains unexamined. The slaughter- house should have plenty of natural light. This would help in discerning the lesions readily. Where artificial light must necessarily be used, electric light bulbs emitting a white light should be installed. Postmortem examination should be carried out as the animal is being slaughtered and dressed or as soon as possible after the dressing is completed. Every carcass should be examined for (a) the state of nutrition, (b) bruises, traumas or haemorrhages, (c) oedema, (d) efficiency of bleeding, and (e) abnormal odours.after general examination, each organ should be subjected to a detailed examination. The points, viz. size, colour, consistency, general appearance, character and nature of pathological lesions, whenever present should be particularly noted.all necrosed tissues and organs, gangrenous parts those slowly degeneration, caseation, calcification, cysts or any other pathological condition must be removed and condemned along with a fair margin of surrounding healthy tissue. Rest of the carcass may be dealt with on its own merits.all diseased and infective condemned material should be immediately removed from the slaughterhouse and be subjected to simple incineration, chemical or thermal treatment to reduce it to an inoffensive non-infective state. A. Rigor mortis Rigor mortis is setting or firming of muscles. In rigor mortis muscles become hardened, stiffened and rigid. They loose their normal elasticity and extensibility and also become opaque. It is believed that due to the formation of lactic acid rigor mortis occurs and it results in coagulation of myosin. The muscles of the head are affected first and then it spreads backwards over the body. Rigor mortis is a desirable change as it increases the keeping quality of meat, and renders it tender and palatable. Time interval between slaughter and t h e appearance of rigor mortis is considerably influenced by muscular activity Dr. kedar karki before death. In exhausted animals like wild animals hunted to death or animals which are slaughtered by clumpsy methods (that makes them struggle very hard), rigor mortis usually sets in within few minutes of death; the sooner the rigor mortis sets in the quicker the muscles relax again. In such cases, the process of ripening or ageing or conditioning of meat does not proceed in a satisfactory way.in febrile affected animals, rigor mortis does not sets in or manifests very lightly. In animals whose spinal cord and brain are removed immediately after slaughter, rigor mortis passes off more quickly than it would otherwise. Rigor mortis is favourd by high atmospheric temperature and vice versa. The method of slaughter also determines the keeping quality of meat. Methods of slaughter Methods which does not excite or exhaust the animal, renders bleeding easy, prevents muscular bleeding and does not bring about too great a change in the ph due to muscular cramps will increase the quality of meat. But two main aspects which should be kept in mind while slaughtering are as ; follows. 1. The slaughter should be undertaken in such a way so as to avoid unnecessary pain, agony, excitement and exhaustion to the animal. 2. The carcass should be allowed to bleed as completely as possible. On an average there is 8% of blood in the animal body but with good methods of slaughter, blood equal to 5% of body weight can be removed. After bleeding of the carcass, the blood left behind should be so small that the cut surface of the flesh will not show blood points on squeezing. Incompletely bled animals and those who have a natural death offer dark colour meat which does not keep well. Jhapa earns Rs million from broiler chickens annually Bhadrapur : Jhapa district has been earning around Rs million annually from broiler chickens. A survey carried out by the Central Bureau of Statistics revealed this. Similarly, the district earns around Rs 58.6 million from egg, said Bureau Director Badri Karki. The result of the survey of the commercial poultry farms carried out by the Bureau in 2014/15 was released on August 16 of the current fiscal year 2016/17. This is the first survey of the poultry forms carried out in Nepal. There are 562 commercial poultry farms in the district. Of them, 540 are related to poultry farms of broiler chickens and there are 933,000 broiler chickens. Similarly, there are 22 commercial poultry farms of layer chickens and have 30,000 chickens. According to the survey, 2,072 metric tonnes of chicken meat and million eggs are produced in district annually. World Agriculture Equipment 2016 Market Opportunities and Forecasts 2022 INDIA, Agriculture equipment are used for assistance in agriculture activities. Agriculture equipment comprise a wide range of equipment such as tractors, plough, cultivation equipment, and harvesters. The market is anticipated to grow at a moderate pace, with a CAGR of 5.9% from , to garner over $200 billion revenue by Major factors that drive the growth of the agriculture equipment market are increasing adoption of technology driven agriculture equipment and escalating demand for food due to growing population. Global market players are continuously launching new and innovative products to sustain their market position and offer technologically advanced equipment. The market is segmented on the basis of product type namely agriculture tractors, harvesters, soil preparation and cultivation equipment, irrigation & crop processing equipment, agriculture spraying equipment, hay and forage equipment, and other agriculture equipment. The tractors segment is the major revenue contributor in the market, accounting for around 34% of the revenue in 2015, whereas the harvester segment is anticipated to witness substantial growth during the forecast period. Farmers are opting for technically advanced harvesters to increase production and to limit the dependency on farm labors. Soil preparation and cultivation equipment are also expected to witness notable growth, driven by the government initiatives to increase farm production and to make the soil preparation and cultivating process faster and efficient. The report provides an in-depth analysis of the world agriculture equipment market in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA. In the year 2015, the Asia-Pacific region generated the highest revenue in the market. North America and Europe are likely to witness slow growth during the forecast period owing to the already high mechanization rate in agriculture industry. The regions are further bifurcated into different countries: U.S., Canada, and Mexico in North America; Germany, U.K, France, and Rest of Europe in Europe; India, China, Japan and Rest of Asia-Pacific in Asia- Pacific; and Latin America, Africa, and Middle East in LAMEA. In Asia-Pacific, India and China are estimated to exhibit a high growth rate. Low rate of mechanization in agriculture sector, is likely to create opportunities for adoption of mechanized farming practices in the region, which would consequentially lead to prominent market growth.

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All Nepalese Tea & Coffee Center,Kupondol, Phone: , ;fn efb ^ ut] ;f]daf/ 7 ls;fg kz'sf] dnd'q ;+sngdf Jo:t l;gw'nl. olta]nf l;gw'nlsf] /fglr'/lsf ls;fg ufo{ e};lsf] dnd'q ;+sngdf Jo:t 5g\. lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no l;gw'nlsf] ;xof]udf ufp+e/lg} ;'wfl/psf] uf]7 lgdf{0f / dnd'q ;+sng cleofg rn]kl5 ls;fgx? dnd'q ;+sngdf Jo:t x'g yfn]sf x'g\. b}lgs?kdf ;+sng x'g] o:tf] dnd'q /;folgs tyf h}ljs dnsf]?kdf t/sf/l v]tl tyf s/];faf/ldf k of]u ug{ ;lsg] gof+ k ljlw ufp+df lelqpkl5 oxf+sf ls;fgx? ufo{ e};lsf] dnd'q ;+sng / Joj:yfkgdf nfu]sf x'g\. lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] uflj;sf b'o{ ;o %) ls;fgsf nflu k/dk/fut uf]7nfo{ ;'wf/ ug{ / dnd'q ;+sngsf nflu cg'bfg ;xof]u pknaw u/fpsf] lyof]. uflj;df Ps ;o $) ls;fgn] cfkm\gf] k/dk/fut uf]7nfo{ ;'wf/ ul/ ;s]sf 5g\. uflj;df cem} Ps ;o bz cf]6f uf]7 ;'wf/ ug{ afsl 5g. skml ptkfbg df}nfp+b} nlntk'/. kl5nnf] ;dodf g]kfndf ptkfbg skmlsf] dfu a9\g yfn]kl5 ls;fgx? skml ptkfbgdf cfslif{t epsf 5g\. ljut s]xl aif{b]lv pktosf leqs} nlntk'/ lhnnfdf klg ls;fgx?n] Joj;flos skml v]tl ub}{ cfpsf 5g\. cuf{lgs skmlaf6 ls;fgn] jflif{s nfvf}f?k}off cfdbfgl ug{ ;d]t ;kmn epsf] b]lvg5. skml v]tlsf nflu ls;fgn] cfˆg} jf c?sf] huuf ef8fdf lng] u/]sf 5g\. nlntk'/ lhnnfsf] blif0fl e]udf kg]{ uflj;df skml ptkfbg a9\b} uo{/x]sf] b]lvg5. lhnnfsf 7"nfb'n'{ª, rgbgk'/, ludbl, cf>fª, Ko'6f/nufotsf uflj;df cuf{lgs skml ptkfbg x'g] u/]sf] 5. o; If]qdf ptkflbt skml /fli6"o tyf cgt/f{li6"o?kdf laqml ljt/0f x'fb} cfpsf] ls;fgx?n] g} atfp+5g\. ljut ^ aif{b]lv o; Joj;fodf ;+nug /xg'epsf 7"nfb'n'{ª-@ sf uf]kfn ljzjsdf{n] skml Joj;foaf6} cfkmgf] 3/u[x:yL /fd f] ;+u rnfpsf] atfp. cfkm\gf] b'o{ /f]kgl j6f skml nufopsf] 5', pgn] eg] - To;jf6 aif]{gl? b'o{ nfv %) xhf/sf b/n] cfdbfgl x'g] u/]sf] 5. oxl Joj;foaf6 cfpsf] cfdbfgln] rf/hgf kl/jf/sf] hlljsf]kfh{g ub}{ cfpsfdf pgl bª\u 5. o;}u/l cf>fª uflj;sf s[ifs /fd bª\ufnn] skmlv]tlaf6 /fd} kmfobf x'g] u/]sf] atfp. ljut!% jif{b]lv oxl Joj;foaf6 cfˆgf] hlljsf]kfh{g ug{ ;kmn epsf] ;d]t atfp. skml k fljlws Pjd\ Joj;foL dl7f/fd hd/s6]nn] skmlv]tl g]kfnsf] dwo kxf8l e]udf x'g] u/]sf] atfpfb} o;nfo{ gub]afnlsf?kdf lng] u/]sf] pnn]v u/]. ;d'b L txaf6 *)) b]lv Ps xhf/ ^)) ld6/sf] prfo;dd skml v]tl x'g] u/]sf] 5. laz]ifu/l lxpf, t';f/f] gkg]{ :yfgdf of] Joj;fo /fd f];+u km:6fpg] u/]sf 5g\. skml ;xsf/l ;ª\3 nlntk'/sf cwoif ;d]t /xg'epsf s[ifs 8f]n/fh clwsf/ln] klg cfˆg} huufdf ub}{ cfpsf] skmlv]tljf6 a;]{lg pnn]vglo cfdbfgl u/]sf] atfpf5g\. lhnnfdf ptkfbg epsf skmldwo] jflif{s!@ 6g u Lg ljg; -ge'6]sf]_ hd{gldf lgof{t x'fb} cfpsf] atfpfb} pgn] of] skml k ltlsnf]? *)) df laqml x'g] u/]sf] atfp. cwoif clwsf/lsf cg';f/, jflif{s!# 6g skml :yfglo ahf/df laqml x'g] u/]sf 5g\. jflif{s?kdf 6g skml ptkfbg x'fb} cfpsf] 5. ljlegg :yfgdf u/]/ lhnnfdf sl/a *) x]s6/ huufdf skml v]tl x'+b} cfpsf] 5. nfu" cf}ifwsf] ;]jgn] dflg;sf] zf/ll/s / dfgl;s :jf:yo lju G5, wg ;DklQsf] jjf{b ub{5, o;sf] k of]uaf6 cfkm", kl/jf/, ;dfh / /fi6«nfo{ g} ck"/0flo Iflt k'ug] x' +bf o:tf kbfy{b]lv 6f9f /xf} g]kfn ;/sf/ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dgqfno ;"rgf ljefu

8 s[lif ;fktflxs lh=k =sf=sf7df8f}+ b=g+= )^ )^( &) s[lif ;fn efb ^ ut] ;f]daf/ 8* bjfa cfof] egb}df ug' { kg] { lhdd]jf/l 5f]8]/ lx8\lbg t]h]gb k ;fb kf}8]n sfo{sf/l lgb]{zs sfnldf6l t/sf/l tyf kmnkm"n ljsf; ;fn efb ^ ut] ;f]daf/ ) sflndf6l kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/l ahf/ clxn] ;'wf/ eps} xf] t < ahf/nfo{ clxn] xfdln] ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu z'? u/]sf 5f}+. km/s km/s ;d"x agfp/ ;ldltsf ;fylx?, ;~rfnsx?sf] ;xof]u ;j}sf] k of;n] s]xl xb;dd epklg ahf/nfo{ Jojl:yt ug{ ] sfd epsf] 5. cem} w]/} ug{ jf+sl 5. ) clxn;dd s] s] ug'{ ef] t < clxn] xfdln] ;fdfgotof cjojl:yt?kdf vfnl 7fp+ sahf u/]/ a;]sf lyp. ltglx?nfo{ x6fof}+. cgflws[t?kdf Joj;fo ug]{x?nfo{ klg xfdln] x6fcf}+. ;ldlt;+u kmnkm"nsf] nflu eg]/ ;Demf}tf ug]{ t/ csf]{ sf/f]af/ ug]{nfo{ x6fof}+. ls;fg ahf/ eg]/ 5'6\ofPsf] :yfgdf :yfglo Jofkf/Lx?n] sahf u/l nfdf] ;dob]lv al;/x]sf lyp. To;nfO{ klg xfdln] x6fcf}+. ;8s k]6ldf /flvpsf k;nx?klg x6fo{;s]sf 5f} +. yf]/} ;dokl5 kl/0ffd cfp5. ) oxf+x?n] ;'wf/ ug{] k of; Psflt/ 5 t/ csf]{lt/ Joj;fo ug]{ / ;ldlt;+u ;Demf}tf ug]{ km/s xf] egg] u'gf;f cfo{/x]sf b"w, k'mn, df;' / pmg ptkfbgdf j[l4m cfly{s ljsf; / b]zsf] ;d[l4 Û (Substantial Increment in Milk, Egg, Meat and Wool Production: Economic Development and Prosperity of the Nation!) kz' ptkfbg -Joj;flos ufo{e} +;Lkfng a+u'/ k j4{g afv f k j4{g_ sfo{qmdsf] nflu cfj]bg lbg ;"rgf k sfzg epsf] af/]df hfgsf/ld"ns ;"rgf g]kfnsf o'jfx?nfo{ ljb]z knfog x'gaf6 /f]sl :jb]zd} Jofj;flos kz'kfngtkm{ cfsif{0f u/fpg] p2]zon] &! b]lv kz' ;]jf ljefu, kz' ptkfbg lgb] {zgfno, xl/x/ejg, nlntk'/n] o'jfnlift kz' ptkfbg -Jofj;flos ufo{e} +;Lkfng_, Jofj;flos afv f k j4{g / Jofj;flos a+u'/ k j4{g sfo{qmd sfof{gjogdf NofPsf] 5. o; cf=j=df klg o'jfnlift Joj;flos ufo{e} +;Lkfng sfo{qmd $% lhnnf, a+u'/ k j4{g sfo{qmd!& lhnnf / afv f k j4{g sfo{qmd ^@ lhnnfx?df ;~rfng ug] { u/l sfo{qmd :jls[t epsf] 5. pqm sfo{qmd cgtu{t ;DalGwt lhnnfdf lgj]bg lbgsf nflu ut]sf] gof klqsf b}lgsdf #) lbg] ;"rgf k sfzg e} ;s]sf] 5. sfo{qmddf ;xeful x'gsf nflu OR5's!* jif{b]lv %) jif{leqsf o'jf s[ifsx?n] cf cfkm\gf] lhnnfsf] lhnnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf ;Dks{ u/l lgj]bg lbg'x'g cg'/f]w ul/g5. lgj]bgsf ;fy g]kfnl gful/stfsf] k df0fkq, kmfd{ btf{ epsf] k df0fkq, z}lifs of]uotf cg'ejsf k df0fkqx?, 5f]6s/Ldf kmfd{sf] cjwf/0ffkq ;d]t ;+nug ug' {kg] {5. lj:t[t hfgsf/lsf nflu ut]sf] gof klqsf b}lgs jf ;DalGwt lhnnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, If]qLo kz' ;]jf lgb] {zgfno jf o; lgb] {zgfnodf ;Dks{ /fvg'x'g ;d]t cg'/f]w ul/g5. g]kfn ;/sf/, kz'kg5l ljsf; dgqfno kz' ;]jf ljefu kz' ptkfbg lgb]{zgfno xl/x/ejg, nlntk'/ kmf]gm )! %%@@)#!, %%$@(!$ 5g\ lg t < xf], To:tf u'gf;f ;ldltdf cfpsf 5g\. To;sf nflu xfdln] cwoog cg';gwfg u/]/ lg?t;flxt u5f}+. To:tf] sf/f]af/ jf unt sfo{ sflndf6l kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/l ahf/ ljsf; ;ldltdf s'g} klg xfntdf x'g lbggf}+. ) /fhgllts?kdf bjfj cfo{/x]sf] xf]nf lg < /fhgllts bjfj t cfo{xfn5 t/ bjfj cfof] egb}df cfkm"n] ug' { kg] { lhdd]jf/l 5f]8]/ lx8\lbg. sltko 7fp+df xfdln] slgeg; u/]sf 5f}+ eg] bjfjdfq lbg]nfo{ xfdln] jf:tf ug{ 5f8\of} +. To:tf bjfj xfdl y]ug ;S5f}+. ) t/ ;'/Iff lgsfosf] ;xof]un] tkfo{x? ;kmn x'g' eof] < xf] xfdln] clxn] t/sf/l ahf/nfo{ Jojl:yt ug{sf nflu ;'/Iff lgsfoaf6 k"0f{?kdf ;xof]u kfpsf 5f}+. sflndf6l k efu tyf lhnnf k x/l sfof{no, Joj;foL tyf :yfglo afl;gbfx?sf] ;xof]un] klg of] sfo{ ;kmn epsf] xf]. )oxl cj:yfdf sflndf6l t/sf/l ahf/ cufl8 a9\g ;S5 < ;don] afwo u/fp 5 dflg;nfo{. hf] hf] dflg;n] ljs[lt a9fpg vf]h5 To:tf dflg; cfkm} kfvf nfub5. of] ;dosf] dfu klg xf]. ) ;ldlt cj cfly{s cefjdf kg{ yfnof] ahf/ rnfpg g;sg] cj:yfdf k'uof] egg] xnnf 5 lg < xf]og. xfd f] lgodfjnln] x/]s kf r kf r aif{df ef8f k'g{d"nof+sg ug]{ ;dfof]hg ug]{ lgodn] tf]s]sf] 5. k To]s aif{ kffr k ltztsf b/n] ef8f a[l4 x'g5. bz k ltzt ef8f a[l4 x'g' kg] { t/ ljutdf cfunfulsf] sf/0f b]vfp+b} ef8f a9fpg glbpsf] cj:yf /x]5. ef8f a[l4sf nflu klg ;ldlt u7g eo{;s]sf] 5. cj ef8f a9\5. / csf]{ s'/f lgodfjnldf % k ltzt ef8f a9fpg] s'/fnfo{ xfdln] ;+zf]wg u/l!) k ltzt agfp+5f}+. cj g]kfn /fi6" j}sn] lgsfn]sf] d'b fl:kmtl b/nfo{ cfwf/ agfp ef8f a9fpg] 5f}+ h;n] ubf{ ;ldltsf] ljlqo c;gt'ng xf] To;nfO{ ;lx dfu{df Nofpg] 5. ) slxn];dddf ef8f a[l4 x'g5 t < bz} cufl8;dd xfdl ef8fsf] 6'ª\f] nufp5f}+. ) ef8f a9fpbf klg bjfj cfpnf lg t < bjfj cfp5 egg] s'/f xfdlnfo{ yfxf 5 t/ To:tf bjfjnfo{ klg y]ug ;S5f}+. ) sflndf6l t/sf/l ahf/ ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu ;d:of s] s] 5g\ t < sflndf6l t/sf/l ahf/ cfh egbf al; aif{ cufl8sf] cj:yfnfo{ dwogh/ u/l agfopsf] xf]. clxn] of] lgs} ;ff3'/f] eo{;s]sf] 5. o;nfo{ dgqfno :t/af6 g} ;f]rg' kg]{ eo{;s]s]f 5. cj sflndf6ldf h:t} cgoq klg ahf/ cfjzos kl/;s]sf] 5. Joj;foLb]lv ;jf/l ;fwgx?sf] ;d]t ctolws rfk /x]sf]n] klg ;d:of 5 To;}n] s'g} Pp6f ljgb'df k'u]/ 7Kk x'g] lbg gcfpnf egg ;ls+b}g. j}s'07 e08f/l Contact: Ph: , Fax: nafseeds@gmail.com / xa a f]8sfl:6ª\ k f=ln=åf/f k sflzt, sfof{nom afuahf/, kmf]g g+m (*%!)%($%%,kf]=j=g+=m$#!@, O{ d]nm sajnepal@gmail.com, d'b 0fM Zj]tsfnL 5fkfvfgf, sfo{sf/l ;Dkfbs M of]u]gb k tfk zfxl ;DkfbsM j}s'07 e08f/l