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Transcription

1 ABHIYAN WEEKLY xxx/bcijzboxfflmz/dpn jif{ M #$ df3 & ut] z'qmaf/ 20 Jan., 2016 d"no =!) ;f+;bsf] d"no % s/f]8 < sf7df8f} +. h;/l klg ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg k :tfj kfl/t u/fp/} 5f8\g] k wfgdgql k'iksdn bfxfn / sf+u ]; ;efklt z]/jxfb'/ b]pjfsf] /0fgLltcg';f/ k lt ;f+;b % s/f]8sf b/n] lsg]/ b'o{ ltxfo{ k' ofpg] / ;+zf]wg k :tfj kfl/t u/]/ lgjf{rg 3f]if0ff ul/g]5. h;/l eg]sf] o;/l /x]5. o;sf] /x:of]b\3f6g ef/tlo b"tfjf;sf] / sf+u ];L ;f+;b cd/]z s'df/sf] ;lqmotfaf6 epsf] 5. ;+;fb cj v;l ahf/ x'g]eof]. v;lsf] Xofs'Nnf x]/]/ s;fo{n] lsg]/ d'gfkmf sdfpem} + k r08 / b]pjfn] k ltkifl ;f+;bsf] Xofs'Nnf x]/]/ vl/b ug] { rffhf] ldnfpg yfn]sf 5g\. klxn] klg k r08n] ;f+;b vl/b u/]/ ;/sf/ l6sfpg s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fnfo{ rlg;fu $) s/f]8 dfug k7fps} x'g\. ax'bnlo sfndf b]pjfn] ;f+;bx?nfo{ xf]6ndf y'g]/ / a}+ss;dd k7fp/ hdaf] ;/sf/ l6sfps} x'g\. ol 3\o" a]r'jf / t/jf/ a]r'jfsf nflu gllt / g}ltstfegbf ;Qf 7"nf] 5, /fi6«egbf zlqmsf] dxtj a9l 5. ol b'a} ;Qf / zlqmsf nflu hlt klg lug{ / h] klg ug{ tof/ x'gyfn]sf 5g\. Uof;df Eof6 x6fp /fhgllts / s"6gllts j[qdf k"j{/fhfsf] ;g;gl sf7df8f}+. /fk kfsf] g]t[tjdf /x]sf] cfk"lt{ dgqfnon] vfgf ksfpg] UofF;df nfub} cfpsf] Eof6 x6fpg] u[xsfo{ yfn]sf] 5. Uof;sf] d"nodf nufog] Dof6df ;jf{;fwf/0f pke]qmf / xf]6n, /]i6'/ff Joj;foLaLr lje]b epsf] lgisif{ dgqfnon] lgsfnb} Eof6 x6fpg dgqfnon] nljª ;'? u/]sf] xf] xfn g]kfn cfon lgudn] k ltl;ln08/ UofF;sf] d"no!# sfod u/]sf] 5, h;df!;o $*?k}off &% k};f Eof6 nfub} cfpsf] 5. Uof;df nfu]sf] Eof6 xf]6n Jo;foLx?n] lkmtf{ kfpg] epklg ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfn] Eof6 lkmtf{ kfpg ;Sg] cj:yf gepkl5 cfd pkef]qmf nfut d"nod} UofF; vl/b ug{ afwo epsf 5g\. cgt/f{li6«o ahf/df Uof;df Eof6 5'g lbog] epklg oxff eg] Eof6 nufopsf] 5. vfgf ksfpg] ljx]sf] egbf, /fi6«klt / ;/sf/sf] egbf, s"6gllts j[q / cgo lgdtfn'sf] egbf a9l rrf{ k"j{/fhfsf] ;fbul, ;+:sf/sf] eof]. sf7df8f} +. /fi6«klt ljbfb]jl e08f/ln] k"j{/fhf 1fg]Gb zfxnfo{ 5f]/Lsf] lax]sf] lgdtf] k7fog\, k"j{/fi6«klt 8f=/fdj/0f ofbjn] gftlsf] ljx]sf] lgdtf] lbpgg\. zfob To;} ep/ hgtlsf ;fydf lztn lgjf; k'u]sf k"j{/fi6«kltn] k"j{/fi6«fwoif 1fg]Gb zfxsf ;fd' kg] { lxddt g} u/]gg\. bfd /fv]/ 9f]ue]6 ug] { Pdfn]sf al/i7 g]tf dfwj s'df/ g]kfn / k"j{/fhfsf] cffvf h'wof], t/ dfwj g]kfn cufl8 gk/l tls{p. 5f]/Lsf] ljx]sf] lgdtf]df ;xeful x'g}kg]{ / cfzljf{b lbg}kg]{ lxgb" ;+:sf/ 5. ToxL ;+:sf/ dfggsf nflu k"j{/fhf lztn lgjf; k'u], a/jw'nfo{ cfzljf{b lbp. /fi6«klt ljbfb]jl e08f/ln] gd:sf/ ul/g\, k"j{/fhfn] gd:sf/ kmsf{p. kmf]6f] ;];g eof], k"j{k~rx?sf] /fp08 ldg]6 a;]/ Ps sk lrof lkp/ k"j{/fhf kmls{p. va/ olq xf] t/ k"j{/fhf lztn lgjf; k'u]sf] b[zo efo/n eof]. ljx]sf] egbf, /fi6«klt / ;/sf/sf] egbf, s"6gllts j[q / cgo lgdtfn'sf] egbf a9l rrf{ k"j{/fhfsf] ;fbul, ;+:sf/sf] eof]. k"j{/fhfsf] dfg db{g ug{ lgdtf] k7fopsf] xf] cyjf k"j{/fi6«fwoifsf] x}l;otdf lgdtf] k7fopsf] xf], lgdtf] kfpsf k"j{/fhfn] ;a} /fhgllts lje]b / lgif]wsf 36gfqmd k}tfnfd'gl /fv]/ ljx]df ;l/s ep. o;/l k"j{/fhfsf] sb a9\of], ;Ddfg a9\of], /fhg]tfdf x'g'kg] { u'0f klg b]lvof]. k"j{/fhfsf] ;Ddfg a9\of], pgl ;fgf] epgg\. g]kfnltj eg]sf] oxl xf]. Gofokl/ifb\ g} ljjfbsf] 3]/fdf sf7df8f} +. efuj08fs} cfwf/df Gofokl/ifbn] prr cbfntsf nflu *) hgf Gofoflw;x?sf] l;kmfl/; u/]kl5 rf}tkml{?kdf To;sf] lj/f]w epsf] 5. ;/sf/l jlsnx?n] ;d]t GofofwL; l;kmfl/; ubf{ cfkm"x?nfo{ k'/} lgif]w / dfgdb{g u/]sf] egb} lg0f{o ttsfn ;Rofpg dfu u/]sf 5g\. t/ Gofokl/ifb\af6 l;kmfl/; epsf GofofwL;n] lgo'qmlkq ;d]t a'lem;s]sf 5g\. k wfgdgql k'iksdn bfxfnsf] l;kmfl/;df lgo'qm epsf dxfgofofwljqm /dgs'df/ >]i7sf] pkl:yltd} ;/sf/l jlsnsf] s]lgb o ;+u7gn] Ps sfo{qmd ub} { Gofoflw; l;kmfl/;sf] ljifodf x\jlk pnn3+g x'g5 < sf7df8f}+. sf+u ];, dfcf]jfbl s]gb alr epsf] ;xdlt cg';f/ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] k :tfj d+l;/!$ ut] dwo/ftdf ;+;bdf btf epsf] / ljkifl bnx?sf] lj/f]wsf afah'b ut] ;+;bdf 6]an epklg pqm k :tfj kfl/t x'g;sg] ;Defjgf Go"g /x]sf] 5. sf+u ];sf s]xl ;f+;bx?n] k b]z g+= % sf s]xl lhnnfx?nfo{ To; k b]zaf6 x6fpg] lg0f{olj?4 sf+u ];s} ;f+;bx?n] lj/f]w hgfpfb} ;8s cfgbf]ngdf upsf hgtfnfo{ ;fy lbo/x]sf 5g\. u'ndl If]q lgjf{lrt epsf sf+u ];sf ;f+;b rgb e08f/l / /f]nkfsf ;f+;b cd/ k'gn] xfn} a'6andf kqsf/ ;Dd]ng g} u/]/ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg k :tfjsf] ljkifdf cfkm"x?n] dt xfng] atfpsf 5g\. pglx?n] kf6l{x?n] x\jlk hf/l u/]klg To:tf] x\jlknfo{ c:jlsf/ ug]{ atfpkl5 To;If]qsf afl;gbfn] ;f+;bnfo{ ejo :jfut u/]sf lyp. :d/0f/xf];\ e08f/l nfdf] ;dob]lv ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] ljkifdf hgtf;fu} ;8s cfgbf]ngdf /x]sf 5g\. pqm kqsf/;dd]ngdf af]nb} ;f+;b e08f/ln] eg] cfkm"n] kf6l{ ;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] eg]sf] ;a} dfgg] t/, b'o{ ;]s]08 ef]6 xfng gdfgg] atfpsf lyp. sf+u ];sf s]lgb o ;b:o;d]t /x]sf e08f/ln] cfkm";w}+ hgtfsf] kifdf /x]sf] / /xg] atfpfb} sf+u ];n] xfn;dd /fk kf eg5 M tlg bnn] /fhtgq kmsf{pg] ep dw];l df]rf{ klg lj/f]wdf /fk kfsf cwoif sdn yfkfsf dfpy lk; eg]/ lrlgg] k jqmf lbngfy lu/ln] 3f]if0ff ul/lbpsf 5g\ tlg bn ldn]/ /fhtgq k'g:yf{kg fug]{ ep. cj /fhtgq kmls{g s;}n] /f]s]/ /fsg ;Sb}g. /fk kf / /fk kf g]kfnsf] PsLs/0faf6 emg 7"nf] zlqm ag]sf] /fk kfsf] lgisif{ 5 o:t} xf ;sf] g s'v'/fsf] rfnsf] sf7df8f}+. ;/sf/n] d+l;/!$ ut] dwo/ftdf ;+;bdf btf{ u/l ut] 6]jn epsf] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg k :tfjnfo{ kl/dfh{g ug{ ;+o'qm nf]stflgqs dw];l df]rf{n] bafa lbg] epsf] 5. df]rf{n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg k :tfjnfo{ kl/dfh{g;lxt kfl/t u/fpg bafa lbg] lg0f{o ub} { ;/sf/;fu u/]sf] ;xdlt cg';f/ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg k :tfj kfl/t ug'{kg]{ lg0f{o ;d]t u/]sf]5. dw];l, cflbaf;l, hghflt, dlxnf nufotsf] lxt x'g]u/l ljw]os kl/dfh{g u/l kfl/t ug'{kg]{ df]rf{n] hgfpsf]5. df]rf{n] cfkm"x?n] ;/sf/nfo{ a'emfpsf] ;"rldf /x]sf JolQmx?nfO{ ;lxb 3f]if0ff ug'{kg]{ /fhokif åf/f nufopsf d'2f lkmtf{ lng'kg]{ / affsl/x]sf 3fOt]x?sf] pkrf/ vr{ lbog'kg]{, ckf+u epsfx?nfo{ hljge/ e/0fkf]if0fsf] Joj:yf ug' {kg] {, cfgbf]ngsf/lnfo{ Ifltk"lt{ lbg'kg]{ / cfgbf]ngdf 3fOt] epsfx?nfo{ ;Ddfg k bfg ug'{kg]{ lg0f{o ub}{ ;/sf/nfo{ To;} cg'?k ug{ cfu x ;d]t u/]sf] 5. kl5nnf] ;dodf s]xl bnx?n] dw];l df]rf{nufotsf dw];jfbl zlqmlj?4 if8\ogqk"j{s nf~5gf nufpsf] 7x/ ub}{ To:tf] em'7f] ;"rgf lbg]nfo{ sfg'gl sf/axl ug{ dfu ;d]t u/]sf] 5.

2 @ IOK : India s Occupying Power Role? By : Afzl INDIAN security and paramilitary troops have been constantly killing/targeting the young Kashmiris. Sadly enough, ruthless India s role as an occupying power in Kashmir is being overlooked by the international community. India commits human rights violations without any remorseful feeling. The Indian army, Special Task Force, Border Security Force, and village defence committees, including the principal government forces who operate in Jammu and Kashmir have systematically violated the fundamental norms of international human rights law. The callous indifference of the West with regard to decadesold Indian atrocities against the people of Kashmir despite the documented proof of incidences of torture, disappearances, encounter killings, rapes, and outright massacres ought to cast shame on the dead conscience of the western and international community. Since the very resurgence of Kashmir freedom movement in 1989, approximately, 98,000 Kashmiris have been killed. This situation is by all means is a conflict, a euphemism for a military occupation that the UN and international law has clearly adjudicated on many decades ago; but India s constant intransigence accompanied by its refractory state policies has caused great harm to the human rights regime. Arguably, article 42 of the 1907 Hague Regulations (HR) states that a territory is considered occupied when it is de facto placed under the authority of the hostile army. The occupation extends only to the territory where such an authority has been established and can be exercised. The Article 2 of four Geneva Conventions of 1949 says that it can be virtually applied to any territory occupied during international hostilities. They can also be applied in situations where occupation of state territory meets with no armed resistance. Indisputably, the legality of any particular occupation is regulated by the UN Charter and the law known as jus ad bellum. Once a situation exists which factually amounts to an occupation the law of occupation applies whether or not the occupation is considered lawful. Therefore, for the applicability of the law of occupation it makes no difference whether an occupation has received Security Council approval what its aim is, or indeed whether it is called an invasion, liberation, administration or occupation. International humanitarian law, does apply when there is a situation of international and internal armed conflict. Put fairly, the rules of international humanitarian law (IHL) relevant to occupied territories become applicable whenever territory comes under the effective control of hostile foreign armed forces, even if the occupation meets no armed resistance and there is no fighting. The question of control erects at least two different interpretations: Firstly, it could be taken to mean that a situation of occupation exists whenever a party to a conflict exercises some level of authority or control within foreign territory. So, for example, advancing troops could be considered bound by the law of occupation already during the invasion phase of hostilities. This very approach is suggested in the ICRC s Commentary to Fourth Geneva Convention (1958). Secondly, an alternative and more restrictive approach would advocate that a situation of occupation exists only once a party to a conflict is in a position to exercise sufficient authority over enemy territory to enable it to discharge all of the duties imposed by the law of occupation. This approach is fostered and applied by a number of military manuals. The IHL is virtually applicable to the conflict in Kashmir by invoking article 3 common to the four Geneva Conventions of August 12, Common Article 3 provides international law and standards governing the conduct of parties in an internal armed conflict, including government forces and insurgents. Common Article 3 provides that:(1) Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction founded on race, colour, religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria.(2) The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for. To this end, the acts of violence to life and person are prohibitd. Torture, hostage-taking, rape, mutilation, and forced disappearances have all been prominent abuses in the Kashmir conflict, and it is true that Common Article 3 forbids each of them. Rape also violates the ICCPR and Common Article 3 prohibitions on torture. Nevertheless, given the situation in Doda district and in other border regions militant forces regularly engage Indian army troops, and the size of the armed forces deployed on both sides suggests that international humanitarian law may still apply. In the light of herein- above mentioned arguments, it appears an indisputable truth that Kashmir remains under draconian Indian tutelage. Has not been India convulsing under a legal and moral turpitude by committing human rights violations in Kashmir that have been intrinsically decaying any concept of right and wrong, respect for the rule of law and any notion of what constitutes an ethical state responsibility of granting leeway to its citizens? Should not the western and international civic and legal organisations take a serious note of these Indian transgressions? A western silence on this issue is virtually remindful of the fact: that insofar as the brutal Israeli occupation of Palestine seems to be forgotten amidst the cleavages and destruction that Western interventions and machinations have created in West Asia and North Africa (WANA), the Indian occupation of Kashmir led by lethal use of arms against thousands of Kashmiris in South Asia is ironically obscured and neglected by American imperial hegemony which paved the way for regional conflicts and rivalries. ;:tf] b/df kmf]/hl rnfpg kfpg'k5{ú sf7df8f}+. ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dgqfnosf ;lrj dx]gb dfg u'?ªn] ;:tf] b/df g]kfnln] kmf]/hl k ljlwsf] OG6/g]6 rnfpg kfpg'kg]{ atfpsf 5g\. g]kfnsf ;a} 7fpFdf kmf]/hl ;]jf k' ofpg] dgqfnosf] wf/0ff /x]sf] klg ;lrj u'?ªn] atfp. k ljlwsf] k of]uaf6 s;}nfo{ klg jl~rt u/fpg gx'g] egb} pgn] ;a} 7fpFdf kmf]/hl k' ofpg'kg]{ dfgotf dgqfnosf] /x]sf] atfpsf 5g\. 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PgPdaLn] lbof] dxfgu/lo 6«flkms k x/l dxfzfvfnfo{ 8«f]g PgPdaL a} +sn] l;cf/p;cgtu{t dxfgu/lo 6«flkms k x/l dxfzfvfnfo{ 8«f]g ;xof]u pknaw u/fpsf] 5. o;af6 dxfgu/lo 6«flkms k x/lsf] k fljlws Ifdtf clej[l4df yk ;xof]u k'ug] ljzjf; a}+sn] lnpsf] 5. dxfgu/lo 6«flkms k x/l dxfzfvfsf] k wfg sfof{no, l;+xb/af/df cfof]lht sfo{qmddf a}+ssf k d'v sfo{sf/l clws[t pk]gb kf}8]nn] k x/l gfoa dxflg/lifs k sfz cof{nnfo{ 8«f]g x:tfgt/0f u/]sf lyp. x:tfgt/0f sfo{qmddf dxfgu/lo 6«flkmsåf/f 8«f]g k/lif0f p8fg klg ul/psf] a}+sn] hgfpsf] 5. l;ocf] kf}8]nn] 6«flkms k x/ln] 6«flkms lgod / k 0ffnLnfO{ cgt/f{li6«o d"no dfgotfcg' k ;'b[9 agfpg u/]sf] k of;df 8«f]gaf6 yk ;xfotf k'ug] ljzjf; pgn] u/]. ;flgdfn] afudtl 8]enkd]G6 a+}s k flkt ug]{ ;flgdf a+ }sn] d'vo sfof{no ;nf{xlsf] xl/cf}gdf /x]sf] afudtl 8]enkd]G6 a+ }snfo{ k flkt u/l z'qmaf/b]lv ;flgdf a+ }s lnld6]8sf] gfdaf6 PsLs[t sf/f]af/ ;'? u/]sf] 5. xl/jgdf cfof]lht sfo{qmddf a} +ssf a fg8 k j4{såo dbgs[i0f >]i7 / xl/j+z cfrfo{ -dx_ tyf ;flgdf a+ }s ;~rfns ;ldltsf ;b:oåo e/ts'df/ kf]v/]n / dx]z l3ld/]n] ;+o'qm PsLs[t sf/f]af/ pb\3f6g u/]sf x'g\. k flktkl5 a} +ssf zfvf ;~hfndf xl/jg tyf nfnagbl zfvf klg ylkpsf 5g\. k flktkl5 a} +ssf] r'qmf k' FhL % ca{ #) s/f]8 / zfvf ;~hfn $# j6f tyf Pl6Pd ;+Vof $( j6f k'u]sf 5g\.

3 # ul/df / dlxdf g} ;lsof] nf]stgqsf] /fhg sfsl{ rajan2012karki@yahoo.com ls x:tif]k u/f}+, ls b]zsf] dnfdl hfg tof/ xf}+. ;don] d[to'306 ahfof]. kl/ro;lxt af Rg] ls d[to'a/0f ug]{ < lg0f{o g]kfnl x' egg] hf] s;}n] ug]{ a]nf cfof]. lg/+s"ztf kmfn]/ NofPsf] nf]stgq lx6n/tgq kf] k/]5. Pp6f Joj:yf lg/+s"z eg]/ kmflnof] / ax'bn NofOof]. ax'bn ax'nfof], crfsnl e i6frf/ cyf{t ax'bnlo zf;gsfn e i6frf/sfn eg]/ cfh klg abgfd 5. ;fgf] sfo{sfnsf nflu /fhfn] zf;g xftdf lnp, pgdf ;f]r lyof], af]w x'g;s]g. cyf{t /fhtgqn] hgtfnfo{ a'emfpg} ;s]g / /fhgllts bn / ljb]zl 5nsf] ;dfof]hgn] /fhtgqnfo{ ;fdgt / lg/+s"ztfsf] kxf8 agfp/ abgfd ul/lbof]. h;sf sf/0f cfdgful/s 3/3/af6 ;8sdf lgl:sp. lg/+s"ztf / ;fdgtsf] cgtosf nflu P]ltxfl;s cfgbf]ng b]lvof]. P]ltxfl;s o; cy{df klg ls hgo'4 ul//x]sf] dfcf]jfbl;d]t of] cfgbf]ngdf plqof] / /fhtgq kmfn]kl5 cfkm\gf] huhul x'g] ;kgf b]v]/ h+unaf6 nf]stgq egb} ;8sdf cfpsf] xf]. cfgbf]ng ;kmn eof]. u0ftgq cfof], u0ftgq gfdsf] g]tftgqn] lxgb'/fi6«vfof], /fhtgq vfof] / hgtfsf] zflgt;'/iff cdgr}g vfof]. cj b]z lgng] ;'/;f/ ub}{5. ;'/;fsf] d'vhqf] eo;sof] g]tftgqsf] dxfdf/l. nf]stgqdf nf]sg]tf x'g'kg]{ xf], e i6 g]tf kf] hlgdp. :ofp :ofp. htf x] of] pt} e i6frf/, htf x] of] pt} s"zf;g. s:tf] bzf;gx?sf] xftdf k/]5 lg nf]stgq, ul/df / dlxdf g} ;dfkt eof] nf]stgqsf]. g]tf df]6f3f6f vfonfubf ep/ s] ug'{, b]z / hgtf xl/s+ufn x' b} upsf 5g\. g]tfx?sf] af]njfnf ep/ s] ug'{, b]z / hgtf sfon / 3fon eo/x]sf 5g\. :jfy{ x]g] { ;a} ep, b]z / hgtf egg] sf]xl epgg\. n'l6of], b]z n'l6of]. r'l6p, hgtf r'l6p. km'6\of], b]zsf] Pstf / cv08tf km'6\of]. hd{gldf lj:dfs{ egbf sd lypgg\ g]kfnsf k[yjlgf/fo0f zfx. O6nLsf Uof/LjfN8LeGbf ;'/jl/, dxtjsf+ifl / b]zeqm lyp dx]gb. cfkm"nfo{ g]kfnl eg5g\, g]kfn lgdf{tf k[yjlgf/fo0f zfxnfo{ la:tf/jfblsf] cf/f]k nufp"5g\. dx]gb nfo{ k hftgqsf] b'zdg eg]/ yfsb}gg, ToxL dx]gb sf] ljsf;df gfs km'nfp/ zf;g ul//x]sf 5g\. k[yjlgf/fo0f zfxn] g]kfn lgdf{0f ul/lbp, dx]gb n] g]kfnltjsf] hu]gf{ ul/lbp, Tof] g]kfn arfpg];dd klg sf]xl epgg\. ;a} df}sfdf rf}sf xfgg / nvgf} + n"6df d:t 5g\, Jo:t 5g\. b]zsf] c:tjo:ttf, nyfln+utfnfo{ ;dfng], ;'wfg] { Pshgf g]tf klg b]vg kfopg. /fhgllt lau ]kl5 b]z lju G5. o;}n] /fhglltnfo{ glltxdf /fhf elgpsf] xf]. d"nsf] kfgl / s"nsf] 5f]/L eg]/ ;+:sf/sf] syg 5 ;dfhdf. /fhgllt d"n xf], of] la6'nf] x' bf, lau bf b]zsf] zf;g, k zf;g c:tjo:t epsf] 5. :k]gnfo{ O;fj]n / kml8{gfg8n] ;DkGg agfolbp, zlqmzfnl a[6]gnfo{ rlr{nn] hu xflnlbp, xfd f g]tfx? ljb]zl g]tfsf] kmf]6f]df cf/tl ptf5{g\, cfkm" /fhg]tf agg / b]zsf] u'0fufg ufpg rfxb}gg\. log} g]tfx? cfkm"nfo{ b]zeqmlsf] 7]s]bf/ 7fG5g\. s7} xfd f g]tfx?, logsf] rlt{snf b]v]/ bof nfu5. la:tf/jfbsf] tn'jfrf6\g]x? ljb]zlsf ;fd' ndk;f/ k/]/ clxn] klg e dsf] v]tl ul//x]sf 5g\ / /fhozlqmdf 9;d:; a;]/ 8'ª8'ª\tL ugfo/x]5g\.!) jif]{ hgo'4 hgcfgbf]ngdf?kfgt/0f ep/ nf]stgqsf] ;'?cft x'"bf xfdl ;a}n] dfcf]sf] rlgdfh:t} cj g]kfndf klg cfly{s ljsf;sf] d"n km'6fpg] b]ªl;ofcf] lkª hgdg] ;kgf b]v]sf lyof}+. xfd f hgo'4 / hgcfgbf]ngsf] /fhgllts e'ª\u f]df vfl/p/ lg:s]sf g]tfx?n] dn]l;ofsf] cfly{s sfofkn6 ug]{ dxfyl/ dxf]db jf /5\ofgdf eftsf l;tf l6k]/ vfg] sf]l/ofnl hgtfnfo{ ;DkGgtfsf] lzv/df k' ofpg] kfs{ u'g x]nfo{ dfy ug]{5g\ egg] ljzjf; ul/psf] xf]. blif0f clk msfnfo{ g]nzg d08]nfn] dfgjflwsf/sf] lzv/df k' ofolbp. g]kfndf klg g]nzg d08]nf elgg] g]tfx? 5g\. ltglx? :jfy{sf] dfnf hlk/x]sf 5g\. b]zsf] dfnf hkg], hgtfsf] houfg ufpg] lsg s'g} g]tf 5}gg\ < lsgeg] g]tfdf x'g}kg]{ 7"nf] u'0f rl/q xf], xfd f g]tfx? rl/qxlg 5g\. logsf] /fhgllts clei6 eg]s} gª\uf gfr] xhf/ bfp xf]. hgo'4sf] d}bfg g]kfn xf], hgcfgbf]ngsf] d}bfg klg g]kfn xf]. hgtfsf] ;fy lnp/ /fhtgq em'sfpg] / lj:tf/jfblnfo{ ;js l;sfpg] df6f] klg g]kfn xf]. t/, )^# ;fnsf] kl/jt{gkl5 hgo'4sf] nfe ef/tn] lnof], hgcfgbf]ngsf] z'enfe klg ef/tnfo{ g} k of]. lj:tf/jfbsf] ;as l;sfpg] g]tfx? la:tf/jfbsf] v]tfnf agg k'u]kl5 df6f] vt/fdf 5, b]zelqm vt/fdf 5, :jfwlgtf / ;fj{ef}ldstf klg vt/fdf k/]sf] cg'ej x'g yfln;sof]. o;}jlr ldn]/ a;]sf lxdfnl, kxf8l / dw];lnfo{ klg cnu cnu kfg]{ ;flh; ug{ yfn]sf] 5 lj:tf/jfb. Pstf layf]lnlbpkl5 /fi6«n] cl:ttj / ;lttj s;/l arfo/fvg ;Snf / < b]znfo{ ;DkGg, zlqmzfnl / ;xh agfpg] g]t[tjn] xf]. xfd f] g]t[tj g d]xgtl eof], g dfgjlo d"nodf v/f] plqof], g ;d[l4sf] ch'{gb[li6 g} /fvg ;Sof]. 5fgf]df cfuf] ;NsfP/ v/fgl a]rg] algof / xfd f g]tfdf leggtf b]lvgg. /fli6«o gllt, p2]zo, of]hgfdfq xf]og, zflgtjoj:yf;d]t g/fd /L vnalng k'u]sf] 5. nf]stgqdf rl/q d"nojfg x'g5, Tof] d"nojfg rl/qsf] cefj :ofnsf] l;ª\ x/fp h;/l x/fpsf] 5. nf]stgq cfd gful/ssf nflu OGt' g lrgt'sf] Joj:yf ;flat eo;sof]. ljzjsf hf] s;}n] g]kfn x] of], b]vof], p;sf nflu g]kfn k fs[lts ;'Gb/tfsf] vfgl xf]. of] ;'Gb/tfdfly lj:tf/jfb anftsf/ ub} {5, ljsl;t /fi6«x? xfdlnfo{ v]nfpg, prfng / k5fg{ nfluk/]sf 5g\. g]kfn, k fs[lts?kdf ;+;f/d} ;'Gb/ t 5 g}, cfw'lgs ;fdl/s dxtjsf] e"ld klg xf]. :6«f6km/h:tf ;}lgs ljzn]ifs ;+:yfsf] ls6fgl l/kf]6{ klg g]kfnl e"ldaf6 Pl;of sg6«f]n ug{ ;lsg5 egg] 5. o;af6 g]kfnsf] dxtj slt 5, elg/xg' kb} {g. o;}n] pq/ / blif0fdfq xf]og, klzrdfx? klg g]kfndf s"6gllts c8\8f hdfp/ /fhgllt aufl//x]sf 5g\. g]kfn o;} cfgbf]ng ;kmn eof]. u0ftgq cfof], u0ftgq gfdsf] g]tftgqn] lxgb'/fi6«vfof], /fhtgq vfof] / hgtfsf] zflgt;'/iff cdgr}g vfof]. cj b]z lgng] ;'/;f/ ub}{5. ;'/;fsf] d'vhqf] eo;sof] g]tftgqsf] dxfdf/l. nf]stgqdf nf]sg]tf x'g'kg]{ xf], e i6 g]tf kf] hlgdp :ofpf:ofpf. htf x] of] pt} e i6frf/, htf x] of] pt} s"zf;g. s:tf] bzf;gx?sf] xftdf k/]5 lg nf]stgq, ul/df / dlxdf g} ;dfkt eof] nf]stgqsf]. u/]/ c;+nugaf6 slxn] stf, slxn] stf ;+nug x' b} hfg] / g]kfnltj g]tfx?sf] nx8df hf]lvddf kfb} { hfg] xf] eg] slxno} s;}sf] pklgj]z gag]sf] g]kfn oltv]/ c3f]lift pklgj]zh:tf] t eo;sof], lrqaxfb'/ s];ln] eg]cg';f/ cj g]kfn g/xg ;Sg] jftfj/0f alg;sof]. Pp6f hgo'4n]!& xhf/ dfl/p, cj g/;+xf/ eof] eg] slt dfl/pnfg\ < b]z} /xnf ls g/xnf < g]kfn lau g'df g]t[tj e i6 ep/ xf]. of] lgisif{ PDg]i6L, 6«fG;Kof/]G;Lb]lv :jtgq ko{j]ifsx?sf] xf]. g]kfndf ljsf;sf gfddf, ;'zf;gsf gfddf, Gofo / ;dfgtfsf gfddf sfdegbf a9l sfuhl 3f]8f bf}8fog5. hxf" sfuhl 3f]8f bf}l8g5, Toxf" ljsf; efif0fdf dfq l;ldt x'g' :jefljs xf]. g]kfndf ckf/ ; f]t, ;fwg, Ifdtf, of]uotf s]xl s'/fsf] sdl 5}g. sdl 5 t OR5fzlQm / OdfGbfl/tfsf]. xf], cfdg]kfnl :jfledfgl 5g\, ;xgzln 5g\ / ;/n 5g\. zfob n8fs' hfltsf] klxrfg oxl xf]. o:tf hgtfsf g]tf s:tf < hgtfsf] oxl k j[lqn] g]tfx?nfo{ g}ltsxlg agfo;s]sf] 5. h;sf] dxuf] d"no /fi6«/ hgtfn] r'sfpg yfln;s]sf] 5. hgo'4df ef/t hdof], Hofg g]kfnlsf] uof]. kl/jt{gkl5 cj;/jfbl / ljb]zl xfjl ep, xf/ g]kfn / g]kfnlsf] x' b}5. g]t[tj k/hljl eolbpkl5 g]kfnsf] ljdf/l ;'? eof], g]kfn lau b} lau b} uof]. Joj:yf glltdf rng'k5{. /fi6«;"u /fli6«o gllt x'g'k5{. jt{dfg sfnv08df g Joj:yf Jojl:yt 5, g gllt g} sfod 5. s'g} klg If]q glltdf af lwpsf] 5}g. g]tf glltdf gaf lwpkl5 ;'zf;g s"zf;gdf :jtm?kfgt/0f x'g]/x]5. cunf] g]t[tj :jfy{ndk6 epkl5 s;/l w/f;fol x'g]/x]5. kmnfdnfo{ lvofn] vfg5, g]t[tjnfo{ :jfy{n] l;wofpg] /x]5. g]t[tj l;l4p x'gyof], oxf t b]z} l;l4g a]/ gnfug] cfx8 ;'lgg yfnof]. g]tfx?df hgo'4 / hgcfgbf]ng ug]{ Ifdtf / cftdan, olta]nf leh]sf] k/fnh:tf] agg k'u]sf] 5. loglx?leq /x]sf] /fhg]tf ag5' egg] ttsfnlg ;kgf zf]d zdf{sf] 3}+6f] alg;s]sf] 5. /f0ff / /fhfnfo{ ;Qf];/fk u/]/ dfq s] ug'{, ltgsf] hlq klg /fi6«elqm jt{dfg g]t[tj Pshgfdf klg 5}g. hgtfn] va/bf/ ug'{k of], o'jfx?n] /fi6«3ftlx?nfo{ bl08t ug'{k of] / /fli6«otfsf] hfu/0f ug'{k of]. olt ep g]kfn af R5, g]kfnl af R5g\ / oxl :jfledfgn] g]kfn ag5.

4 $ k9\yof}+ xfdl a;lsg ;Fu} j]b, afoan, gdfh k;]s]xl g/kz'x Wj:t kf/] ;dfh. d of} Ho"Fb} Tof] h:n] lal;{of] b]zsf] df6f] affrof] Tof] d/]/ klg h:n] ;ldemof] b]zsf] df6f]. sfo/ ep/ k6s k6s dg'{egbf axfb'/ ep/ Ps} k6s dg{ ;sf}+. cleofgjf0fl lgjf{rgsf nflu /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ df3 & ut] leqdf :yfglo tx, k b]z, /fli6«o;ef / ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] lgjf{rg u/fo;sg'kg] { ;+j}wflgs afwotf epklg casf] Ps jif{leqdf ol ;a} lgjf{rg x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf Go"g /x]sf] 5. xfd f] ef}uf]lns cj:yf x]bf{ c;f/b]lv sflq;dd lgjf{rg x'g ;Sb}g, sl/a kffr dlxgf ;do TolQs} latg] epkl5 ;ft dlxgfleqdf ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf epg';f/ lgjf{rg gepdf s] xf]nf < clxn]sf] k Zg eg]sf] oxl xf]. /fhgllts bnx?alr epsf] / x' Fb} cfpsf] w' jls/0fn] ubf{ lgjf{rgnfo{ k ToIf c;/ kfl//x]sf] 5, kl5nnf] ;dodf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] k :tfj ;+;bdf btf{ ul/pkl5 ;QfkIf / k d'v k ltkifnufot cgo bnx?alrsf] ;DaGwdf vf;} ;'wf/ cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g. t/ ;QfkIf nufot ljkifl bnx?n] ;d]t r'gfjl /6fg nufpg 5f8]sf 5}gg\. pglx?n] hlt;'s} /6fg nufpklg lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ctofjzos sfg'gx? g} lgdf{0f x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf clxn]s} cj:yf /x] r'gfj eoxfn5 eg]/ ljzjf; ug{ ;lsg] s'g} ljzjfl;nf cfwf/x? b]lvpsf 5}gg\. ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fs} qmddf /x]sf a]nf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] qmdnfo{ 5f8]/ dw]; cfgbf]ngdf upsf s]xl dw];jfbl bxn?sf dfu ;Daf]wg ug{ eg]/ ;/sf/n] ;+;bdf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg k :tfj btf{ u/]klg k d'v k ltkifl bnnufot ;Qfd} /x]sf] /fk kf g]kfnn] ;d]t ;+zf]wg k :tfjdf pnn]v epsf sltko ljifox?nfo{ lj/f]w ul//x]sf] 5 eg] ;Qfwf/L bns} ;f+;bx?n] ;d]t To;sf] lj/f]w ul//x]sf x'gfn] ;xh?kdf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf Go"g/x]sf] 5. dw];jfbl bnx?n] k'iksdn bfxfn g]t[tjsf] ;/sf/nfo{ ;dy{g ul//x]sf epklg pglx?n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg gepsf] cj:yfdf :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rgdf efu glng] / dw];df lgjf{rg x'g glbg] pb\3f]if ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf d'n's emg ;+s6 tkm{ ws]lng ;Sg] ;Defjgf a9]sf] 5. dw];jfbl bnsf dfunfo{ ;Daf]wg ug{ eg]/ bfxfn g]t[tjsf] sf+u ]; dfcf]jfblalrsf] ;xdltn] ;+ljwfg;efn] k :tfljt u/]sf] kffr gda/ k b]znfo{ 6'qmfpg vf]h]sf] egb} To; If]qsf hgtf ;8sd} plqpsf 5g\. clxn] klg ToxfF s'g} g s'g} k sf/sf cfgbf]ng eo/x]sf x'gfn] % gda/ k b]z czfgt 5. ToxfFsf hgtfn] p7fpsf dfux? ;Daf]wg gu/l hah{:tl ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug{ vf]lhp d'n's km]l/ csf{] ågådf km:g ;Sg] epsfn] ;a}sf] ;xdltdf dfq ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug'{ plrt x'g]5. ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg hgtfsf] dtaf6 dfq x'g;s5, l;+xb/af/sf] Pp6f sf]7fdf a;]/ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]hg'egbf hgtfsf] dt lnp/} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]lhp Tof] lbuf] / l6sfp ;d]t x'g;s5. ;+ljwfgn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ldlt cfpg ca Ps jif{egbf sd epsf] x'gfn] ttsfn} bnx?alr ;xdlt x'g} kb{5. clxn] ;+ljwfg ;d]t sfof{gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g. /fhgllts bnx?n] klxnf g} ;+ljwfg hf/l epsf] Ps dlxgf gk'ug} ;+ljwfgsf] klxnf] ;+zf]wg u/]/ untl u/]sf lyp, clxn] km]l/ s]xl JolQmx?nfO{ v';l kfg]{ gfddf csf]{ untl ug]{ k of;nfo{ agb u/]/ lgjf{rgsf nflu /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ lgdf{0f ug'{ ;a}egbf plrt ljsnk x'g;s5. ;a} bnsf] ;xdlt cyf{t ;a} bn ;Dej gepklg sf+u ];, Pdfn], dfcf]jfbl, /fk kf / dfw];l df]rf{;lddlnt /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ lgdf{0f ep ;a} txsf] lgjf{rg tf]lspsf] ;dodf ;DkGg x'g;s5. lgjf{rg ub{f ;+ljwfg sfof{gjogdf hffbf b]lvpsf untl sdlsdhf]/lnfo{ kl5 cfpg] ;+;bn] ;+zf]wg ug{ ;S5. clxn]sf] ;+;b eg]sf] ;+ljwfg;efaf6?kfgtl/t ;+;bdfq epsfn] p;n] ;+zf]wgsf] d'2f p7fpg' g} unt x'g]5. Pslsl;dn] clxn]sf] ;+;bn] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL sfg'g, lgod / P]g agfpg] / b}lgs sfo{;~rfng ug]{ afx]s cgo sfd ug{ ;Sb}g pm Pslsl;dn] sfd rnfp ;+;b dfq xf]. d'n'snfo{ b'/ufdl c;/ kg] { lg0f{o sfd rnfp ;+;bn] ug{ ;Sb}g / ldnb}g klg. To;}n] 7"nf bnsf] ;xdltdf /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ lgdf{0f u/l Ps;'qLo lx;fan] To:tf] ;/sf/n] lgjf{rg ug] { sof{nfo{ klxnf] ;"rldf /fv]/ cl3 a9\g' pko'qm lgsf; x'g;s5. /fhgllts bnx?n] cfkm\gf] kf6l{ut :jfy{ / JolQmut :jfy{nfo{ x]/]/ d'n's / hgtfnfo{ agws agfpg kfpfb}gg\. hgtfsf] lxt g} kf6l{x?sf] d'vo p2]zo epdf ttsfn} ;a} ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg x'g;s5, To;}n] ca bnx?n] s'g} ljnda gu/l /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ lgdf{0f ug{ tkm{ nfug' plrt x'g]5. kf6l{ut / JolQmut :jfy{n] ubf{ d'n'snfo{ clg0f{osf] agbl agfpg kfofb}g. kf6l{ut ltqmtf / JolQmut :jfy{ TofuL d'n'ssf] lxtsf nflu /fli6«o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ lgdf{0f u/l lgjf{rg u/fpg xfdl ;a} /fhgltls bnx?;fu cfu x ub{5f} +. df3 & ut];dddf ;a} txsf] lgjf{rg gepsf] v08df bnx?n] km]l/ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg u/]/ Psjif] { Dofb a9fpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf ;d]t /x]sfn] To:tf] sfo{ gug{sf nflu ;d]t xfdl /fhgllts bnx?nfo{ cfu x ub{5f} +. o;sf/0f c;dej 5 h]7df :yfglo r'gfj cfpfbf] r}qle q :yfglo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg u/fpg] d'vo p2]zo af]s]/ u7g epsf] k'iksdn bfxfn g]t[tjsf] ;/sf/n] r}tdf xf]og, h]7leqdf ;d]t :yfglo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg u/fpg g;sg] ;Defjgf a9]/ upsf] 5. /fhgllts bnx?alr ptkgg ljjfb / /fhgllts clg k fljlws sf/0fn] ubf{ h]7leqdf :yfglo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg c;dej b]lvpsf] xf]. lgjf{rg cfjzos epklg bfxfn ;/sf/n] lgjf{rgnfo{ klxnf] k fyldstfdf /fvg g;s]sf] / lgjf{rg ;DaGwL sfg'gx? lgdf{0f ug{ cu ;/tf gb]vfpsf] x'gfn] bfxfn ;/sf/n] :yfglo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgnfo{ b]vfp/ cfkm\gf] ;Qfsf] cfo' dfq ndaofpg rfx]sf] lj:tf/} k dfl0ft x'fb} upsf] d+l;/!$ ut] dwo/ftdf bfxfn ;/sf/n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg k :tfj ;+;bdf btf{ ug' { / ut] k d'v ljkifl bnnufot cgo bnx?sf] lj/f]w x' Fbfx' Fb} ;+zf]wg k :tfjnfo{ ;+;bdf 6]an ug' {n] /fhgllts bnx?alr ltqmtf a9]sf] 5. k d'v k ltkifl bnn] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] k :tfj afx]s lgjf{rg ;DaGwL sfg'gx? lgdf{0f ug{ / kfl/t ug{ cfkm"x?n] s'g} cj/f]w gk' ofpg] ;jf{hlgs pb\3f]if ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/n] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL sfg'gx? lgdf{0f u/l lsg ;+;bdf k]z ug{ ;Sb}g < lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ;a} sfg'gx? lgdf{0f eo lgjf{rg cfof]unfo{ k fkt epsf] 36Ldf! lbg kl5 dfq lgjf{rg u/fpg ;Sg] lgjf{rg cfof]un] ;/sf/nfo{ klxnf g} hfgsf/l u/fo;s]sf] cj:yfdf bfxfn ;/sf/sf dgqlx?n] eg] em}f r}t, j}zfvdf s;/l lgjf{rg ;Dej 5 < hgtfnfo{ 9fF6\gsf nflu p8gt] s'/f u/]/ hgtfnfo{ pnn' agfpg] ;f]rdf bfxfn ;/sf/ k'u]sf] ep pm cfkm}+ pnn' x'fb} upsf] 5. clxn]s} cj:yfdf r}t, j}zfvdf xf]og, h]7df ;d]t lgjf{rg x'g ;Sb}g egg]df hgtf 9'Ss epsf 5g\. lgjf{rg cfof]un] casf] Ps ;ftfleqdf lgjf{rg ;DaGwL sfg'g lbp/ lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff u/]dfq h]7 dlxgfleqdf lgjf{rg u/fpg ;lsg5 eg]/ k d'v lgjf{rg cfo'qmn] ;jf{hlgs?kd} 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf / clxn]sf] cj:yfdf PsxKtfleqdf lgjf{rg ;DaGwL sfg'g cfof]unfo{ lbg ;lsg] cj:yf ;/sf/;fu g/x]sf] x'gfn] h]7df lgjf{rg c;dej /x]sf] 5. lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ;a} sfg'gx? lgdf{0f u/l lgjf{rgsf] k :tfj ;+;bdf 6]jn u/]sf] / ;+zf]wg k :tfj kl/dfh{g;lxt kfl/t epkl5 dfq dw];l df]rf{ :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rgdf hfg tof/ x'g] epsfn] klg h]7df lgjf{rg c;dej /x]sf] 5. ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg k :tfj kfl/t x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf Go"g /x]sf] / ToxL ljifonfo{ b]vfp/ dw];l df]rf{ r'gfjdf hfg rfxfb}g. To;}n] klg h]7df :yfglo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg c;dej /x]sf] 5. clxn];dd :yfglo txsf] ljifodf /fhgllts bnx?alrdf ljjfb sfod} x'g' / ;/sf/n] ;d]t 6' +uf] nufpg g;sg'n] klg lgjf{rg c;dej /x]sf] 5. dw];l df]rf{n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg epkl5 dfq lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]sg' kg{ ] dfu ;Qfwf/L bn;fu /fv]sf] b]j]gb r'8fn devendrachudal@gmail.com / df]rf{ cfkm\gf] dfudf cl8u /x]sf] cj:yf Psflt/ 5 eg] csf] {lt/ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] k :tfj s;/l slxn] kfl/t x'g5 jf km]n x'g5 egg] Uof/]G6L 5}g. ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg k :tfj c;kmn epsf] v08df dw];l df]rf{ lgjf{rgdf hfg tof/ xf]nf < lgjf{rg ldlt 3f]if0ff epkl5 klg lgjf{rg cffo]unfo{ 36Ldf! lbg cfjzos kg]{ egfo{ lgjf{rg cfof]usf] /x]sfn] klg df3 dlxgfleqdf ol ;a} s'/f ldn] klg h]7 clgtd ;ftfdf dfq lgjf{rg u/fpg ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvg5, t/ To;a]nf lgs} l9nf] eo;s]sf] x'g5, dw];df jiff{ofd ;'? x'g] ;do epsfn] ;xh?kdf lgjf{rg x'g ;Sb}g. lgjf{rg ;DaGwL sfg'gx? lgdf{0f eo ;+;bdf btf{ epkl5 klg ljw]ossf]?kdf kfl/t x'g sdtldf $% lbg nfug ;S5. kmf:66«ofsaf6 sfg'g kfl/t u/fpg bnx?alr ;xdlt x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf gx'g] xf] eg] dlxgf};dd ljw]os ;+;bd} cl8\s/xg ;S5. To;}n] ubf{ klxn] g} /fhgllts bnx?alr ;xdlt epsf] v08df dfq $% lbgleqdf ljw]os kfl/t u/fpg'kg]{ cj:yf b]lvg5 eg] csf]{lt/ :yfglo tx k'gm;+/rgf cfof]usf] k ltjb]g ;/sf/n] a'em] klg To;nfO{ :jlsf/ ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g. sltko ljifox?df cfof]usf] k ltj]bg ljjfbdf k/]sf] 5 eg] ljlegg lhnnfaf6 :yfglo afl;gbfn] k ltj]bgsf] lj/f]w ul//x]sf] cj:yf ljbdfg /x]sf] 5. ufpfkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] ;Ldf+sg / s]gb df ;d]t ljjfb /x]sf] 5. klxnf ol ;a} ljjfbx?sf] ;dfwfg gu/l xr'jfsf e/df :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg u/fpf5f}+ egg] ;/sf/sf] egfodf clxn];dd s'g} ;Totf b]lvpsf] 5}g. km]l/ ;a} /fhgllts bnx?n] klxnf :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg] ls ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] u/fpg] egg]df s'g} lg0f{o g} ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\. kl5nnf] ;dodf s]xl /fhgllts bnx? klxnf ;+;blo lgjf{rg u/fpg'k5{ egg yfn]sf x'gfn] klg :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg h]7 dlxgfleqdf klg c;dej h:t} b]lvpsf] 5. ;Qf36s bnx?n] dw];l df]rf{nfo{ dgfp/ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug]]{ k of; u/]klg clxn]s} cj:yfdf ;Qfd} /x]sf s]xl bnx?n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] kifdf nfug g;lsg] ;fjf{hlgs pb\3f]if u/]sf x'gfn] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] k :tfj k lqmofdf n}hffbf c;kmn epsf] v08df s] dw];l df]rf{ ;xh?kdf lgjf{rgdf hfnf < ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] k :tfj 6'+uf] nfu]kl5 dfq :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{kg]{ df]rf{sf] dfunfo{ ;/sf/n] j]jf:tf ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvfb}g. bfxfn ;/sf/nfo{ df]rf{n] ;dy{g u/]sf] / cfkm\gf dfux? j]jf:tf u/]sf] v08df p;n] bfxfn ;/sf/nfo{ lbpsf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lng;sg] wdsl lbpsf] x'gfn] df]rf{sf] ;dy{g ljgf bfxfn ;/sf/n] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg] s'g} ;Defjgf g} 5}g. k'gm;+/rgf cfof]un] k]z u/]sf] k ltj]bgsf af/]df ;Qfwf/L bn sf+u ];, dfcf]jfbl, dw];l df]rf{leq} rsf]{ ljjfb /x]sf] 5. klxnf lt ljfjfbsf] ;dfwfg x'g' cfjzos 5, t/ cfh;dd k ltjb]gsf af/]df s'g} 5nkmn / ax;} epsf] 5}g. cfof]un] lbpsf] k ltj]bg ;/sf/n] :jlsf/ ug]{ jf gug]{ eg]/ clxn];dd s'g} lg0f{o g} ug{ g;ls/x]sf a]nf klxnf To;sf] lg0f{o x'g' cfjzos 5. cfof]usf] k ltj]bg DofG8]6 cg';f/ cfpsf] 5 5}g eg]/ ;/sf/n] cwoog ug{ ;S5 / DofG8]6 cg';f/ gep kl/dfh{g ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ ;/sf/nfo{ /x]sf] x'gfn] klxnf k ltj]bgsf af/]df ;/sf/sf] egfo{ aflx/ cfpg' cfjzos 5. ;/sf/n] cfof]usf] k ltj]bg :jlsf/ ug]{ xf] eg] dlgqkl/ifb\n] To;nfO{ kfl/t u/l ufpfkflsnf / gfu/kflnsfsf] ;+Vof;lxt /fhkqdf k sflzt u/]kl5 dfq Tof] nfu" x'g5. t/, dw];l df]rf{sf] lj/f]w / ;/sf/ lug{] 8/n] ubf{ cfof]usf] k ltj]bg ;/sf/n] h:tfsf] h:t} kfl/t u/fpg;sg] s'g} ;Defjgf b]lvfb}g. sltko ufpfkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] ;Ldf ldn]sf] 5}g eg] tl ufpfkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf s]gb sxff x'g] egg] d} cgof]n /x]sf] cj:yfdf klxnf ol ;a} ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg gu/l :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg c;dej /x]sf] 5. ufpfkflnsf / gu/kflnsfdf slt j8f x'g] egg]df ;d]t /fhgllts bnx?alr ;xdlt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g eg] dfly pnn]v ul/psf ;d:ofx? olt ;lhn} ;dfwfg xf]nf eg]/ ljzjf; ul/xfng] s'g} cfwf/x? gb]lvpsf] x'gfn] clxn]s} cj:yfdf :yfglo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg h]7leqdf x'g ;Sb}g. olb h]7dlxgfleqdf :yfglo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg x'g g;s]sf] df3 & ut]leqdf ;a} txsf] lgjf{rg c;dej x'g] / cgtodf up/ ;+ljwfg g} ;+zf]wg u/]/ csf]{ Psjif{sf] Dofb ykg] tof/ldf bnx? nfug ;Sg] ;Defjgf a9]/ upsf] 5. bnx?sf] c;ifdtf / c;kmntf clg ;/sf/sf] /fhgllts OR5fzlQmsf] sdlsf sf/0f g} ;dodf lgjf{rg x'g g;s]sf] v08df To;sf] lhdd]jf/l sf+u ];, Pdfn], dfcf]jfbl;lxt dw];jfbl bnx?n] lng'k5{. lgjf{rg ckl/xfo{ cfjzotf x'fbfx'fb} To;nfO{ 6fNg vf]hg';fu kf6l{ut :jfy{ ;d]t uffl;psf] 5.

5 % /fli6«otfsf] df}nfpfbf] v]tl d'/f/l 9'+u]n s]xl ;dob]lv g]kfnsf] /fhglltdf /fli6«otfú zab tyf /fi6«jfbl efjgfn] a9l dxtj kfpsf] 5. cfkm\gf] bn, ;+3;+u7g dfq xf]og, cfhsn t PSnf] JolQm klg g]kfnl /fli6«o emg8f af]sl /fli6«otf w/fkdf k/]sf] lrgtf lnp/ /fi6«jfbl efjgf JoQm ub}{ ;8sdf lxf8]sf] b]vg kfog5. b]zsf bn, ;+3;+u7g /fli6«otfsf] /Iff ug{ hlgdpsf x'g\ egg] k rf/afhl lbgfg'lbg a9\bf] 5. o;/l ;a}df /fli6«otfsf] lrgtf b]lvg' kss} klg /fd f] xf]. t/, cfkm" clg cfkm\gf] bn dfq /fli6«otfsf] kifw/ / c rflxf ;a} c/fli6«o tj x'g\, b]zb f]xl x'g\ egg]h:tf clejolqm htf;'s} ;'lgg' kss} klg /fd f] gxf]nf. cfhsn g]tfx sf w]/}h;f] efif0f tyf cgtjf{tf{x df /fli6«otfsf] ljifodf lrgtf JoQm u/]sf] kfog5. t/, lrgtf ;ffrr} oxff /fi6«clg /fli6«otfsf] xf] ls ;Qfdf k'ug] gf/f dfq xf] < hgtf a'em\g rflx/x]sf 5g\. hgtfn] pglx sf] egfodf ljzjf; ug{ ;Sg] vfnsf ultljlw xfn;dd s'g} klg bnn] b]vfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\. g]kfnl hgtf cfkm\gf] /fli6«otfsf] ljifodf hlt lrlgtt 5g\, Tof]eGbf a9l lrlgtt oxffsf /fhgllts bn kf] epsf x'g\ ls egg] b]lvg5. en} To;f] x'g;s] /fd } xf], t/ jf:tljstfdf To:tf] Jojxf/ xfn;dd s'g} klg bnsf] b]lvpsf] 5}g. Oltxf;df ;a}egbf a9l /fhf dx]gb n] /fli6«otfsf] s'/f p7fpsf lyp, To;}n] pgl c egbf a9l /fi6«jfbl lyp egg] ;'lggyof]. To;kl5 k~rfotlj/f]wl ljlegg bn cfkm\gf] cfgbf]ngdf klg af/daf/ /fli6«otfsf] d'2f p7fp/} k~rfotl Joj:yf 9fNg ;kmn ep. oxl /fli6«otf vt/fdf k/]sf] gf/f cgj/t kdf xfn;dd hf/l 5. ;Qfdf k'ubf r'krfk /xg] bn ;QfRo"t x'g]lalqs} 7"nf] :j/df x'fsf/ ub}{ /fli6«otfdfly vt/f a9]sf] b]v5. b]z ljv08gsf/l tyf ljb]zl zlqmn] cfkm\gf] ;/sf/ 9fn]sf] b]v5. ;Qfsf] :jfb glnpsf bn tyf ;+u7gx c ;a}nfo{ c/fli6«o ttj b]v5g\. pglx ;a} cfkm" dfq /fi6«/iffy{ /x]sf] k rf/ ul//x]sf x'g5g\. /fli6«otfsf] d'2f lbgfg'lbg k]lrnf] dfq agb} 5}g, of] cfkm}fdf /fhgllts bnx nfo{ ;Qfdf k' ofpg] e ofª;d]t agb} upsf]h:tf] b]lvo/x]sf] cj:yfdf hgtfn] s] / s;sf] e/f];f ug]{ < hgtfdf lrgtf a9\bf] 5. lxhf] dx]gb sfndf /fhgllts bnx n] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf g} w/fkdf k/]sf] k rf/ u/]/ k~rfotlj?4 hgtfnfo{ Pslqt dfq u/]gg\, Joj:yf g} kl/jt{g ug{ ;kmn ep. To;/L g} jt{dfgdf sf]xl cfkm" ;Qfdf k'u]kl5 /fli6«otfsf] gfpfdf hgtfnfo{ lxhf] ul/psf] /fli6«o lxtljk/ltsf c;dfg ;lgw;demf}tf vf/]h ug]{, qmflgtsf/l e"ld;'wf/ nfu" ug]{, hldgdfly h;sf] hf]t p;}sf] kf]th:tf gf/f lbo{ g]kfnl /fhglltdf /fli6«otfsf] kf6f]nfo{ cfsif{s agfpg] cfzjf;g aff8\5g\ eg] sf]xl lxhf] /fhfsf] zf;gsfnb]lv g} cfkm" /fi6«/ifs tyf /fli6«otf hu]gf{ ug{ 7"nf] e"ldsfdf epsf] egb} jt{dfgdf klg cfkm"h:tf] /fli6«otfsf] ;+/Ifs c s;}nfo{ b]vb}gg\. cfkm"nfo{ c egbf a9l /fli6«otfdfly lgu/fgl /fvg], /fi6«eqm bnsf kdf k :t't ul/g'n] /fli6«otfsf] gf/f cem blj{nf] ;Qf xtofpg] ;lhnf] c:q agb} upsf] 5. /fi6«alnof] ep /fli6«otf o;} alnof] x'g5 egg] x]ssf bnx nfo{ x'g'kg]{ xf]. t/, To:tf] cfef; emnsg] ultljlw bnx df kfofb}g. /fholeq x'g] Pstf / ckgtjsf] efjgfnfo{ /fli6«o efjgfdf k' ofpg ;lsof] eg] /fli6«otf alnof] x'g5. t/, /fi6«alnof] ep /fli6«otf o;} alnof] x'g5 egg] x]ssf bnx nfo{ x'g'kg]{ xf]. t/, To:tf] cfef; emnsg] ultljlw bnx df kfofb}g. /fholeq x'g] Pstf / ckgtjsf] efjgfnfo{ /fli6«o efjgfdf k' ofpg ;lsof] eg] /fli6«otf alnof] x'g5. t/, b]zsf] cl:ttj g} vt/fdf k' ofpg'df /fhgllts bnx g} bf]ifl 5g\ egg] cf/f]k nfug] u/]sf] 5. b]zsf] cl:ttj g} vt/fdf k' ofpg'df /fhgllts bnx g} bf]ifl 5g\ egg] cf/f]k nfug] u/]sf] 5. /fhgllts bnx n] g} lghl tyf bnut :jfy{df ljb]zlnfo{ v]ng] 7fpF lbp/ cfh /fi6«g} ;+s6sf] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] cf/f]k nufpf5g\ :jtgq /fhgllts ljzn]ifsx. g]kfndf aflx/l b]znfo{ ufnl ug{' dfq /fli6«otf 7flgG5. h;n] hlt w]/} aflx/l b]zsf] lj/f]w ug{ ;Sof] pm c egbf a9l /fi6«k ]dlh:tf] a'lemg5. h'g lgtfgt unt 5. b]zleqsf] cfgtl/s efjgfnfo{ alnof] / ;+ul7t agfpg ;lsof] eg] aflx/l cfqmd0fn] c;/ k' ofpg ;Sb}g. Pp6} /fholeq klg ljlegg ;d'bfo x'g5g\. To; ;d'bfoleq legg legg hfthfltsf] a;f]jf; x'g5, h;sf] leggflegg} /fli6«o efjgf x'g ;S5. tl ;a}sf] efjgfsf] ;Ddfg x'g' g} cfgtl/s /fli6«otf alnof] agg' xf]. Pp6f b]zleqsf] s'g} ;d'bfosf] efjgfdf rf]6 k' ofpg' eg]sf] cfgtl/s /fli6«otf sdhf]/ x'g' xf]. xfn b]zdf b]lvpsf] cfgtl/s snxn] xfdlleqsf] /fli6«otf sdhf]/ ag]sf] kss} xf]. o:tf] cj:yfdf c/fli6«o ttjx n] /fli6«otfdf cffr k' ofpg ;S5g\. ljlegg cgt/f{li6«o zlqms]gb x wldnf] kfgldf df5f dfg]{ b':;fx; ug{ ;S5g\. To;sf] klg xfdl ;a}n] lgu/fgl /fvg ;Sg'k5{. /fli6«otfsf] /Iff ug{' cfhsf] cfjzostf xf]. JolQm, ;d'bfo, bn, bnsf e ft[ ;+u7g tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo ;a}n] j]n}df lhdd]jf/l axg ub}{ Pp6} /fhodf /x]sf] x/]s ;d'bfosf] /fli6«o efjgfsf] sb/ ug{ ;Sg'k5{. dw]zdf zltnx/ / ;/sf/sf] gllt /fglzdf{ ltjf/l b]zdf h'g;'s} k sf/sf] b}jlk sf]ksf] 36gf 36] hxff / h'g;'s} ;d'bfodf 36] klg ;/sf/n] /fxt / k'g:yf{kgfsf] sfd ;dfg kdf ;+rfng ug'{ kb{5. b}jlk sf]ksf] 36gfsf] k sf/ jf b}jlk sf]ksf] 36gf 36]sf] If]q jf ;'bfosf] cfwf/df /fxt / k'g:yf{kgf sfo{df km/s x'g' x'fb}g / s'g} klg lhdd]jf/ ;/sf/n] o;f] ub}{g klg. To;} u/l /fhon] x/]s ;d'bfosf hgtfsf] hfoh ;/f]sf/nfo{ ;dfwfg ug'{k5{. s'g} klg ;d'bfon] p7fpsf hfoh dfunfo{ ljgf e]befj k'/f ug'{ kb{5. dfu s'g ;d'bfon] u/]sf] xf] To; cfwf/df ;dfwfgsf] pkfodf leggtf x'g' x'fb}g. t/ g]kfndf eg] dw]zdfylsf] lje]b b}jlk sf]ksf] p4f/, /fxt / k'g:yf{kgfsf] If]qdf ;d]t sfod /x]sf oyfy{ dw]zl ;d'bfon] nfdf] ;dob]lv cg'ej ub}{ cfpsf 5g\. clxn]sf] nf]stflgqs kl/j]zdf ;d]t o;df kl/jt{g x'g g;s]sf] cg'e'lt dw]zdf ul/ /flvpsf] 5. kxf8df klx/f] hffbf, s]xl JolQm dfq k efljt x'fbf lhdd]jf/lk"j{s xs{tdf cfpg] ;/sf/ dw]zdf af9laf6 nfvf}+ dflg; k efljt x'fbf ;d]t u}/lhdd]jf/ ep/ al;/xg] k j[lt ;/sf/df ljutb]lv g} b]lvfb} cfpsf] 5. dw]zsf] blif0fl If]q 8'afgdf k/]sf] a]nf /fhdfu{ 5]psf ufpfdf /fxt ;fdu L aff8]/ ;/sf/l 6f]nL kmls{psf] u}/lhdd]jf/ 36gf ;d]t epsf 5g\ ljutdf. dw]zdf j;]{gl x'g] cfunfulsf 36gf / af9l tyf 8'afgsf] ;d:ofdf ;/sf/sf] Wofg g} hffb}g. oxl x'g] u/]sf] 5 zltnx/sf] ;jfndf klg. dw]z x/]s jif{ zltnx/af6 k efljt x'fb} cfpsf] 5. k To]s jif{ lr;f]n] s7flë P/ s}of}+ JolQmsf] d[to' x'g] u/]sf] 5. x/]s jif{ ha lztnx/af6 s]xl JolQmsf] d[to' x'g5 clg ;/sf/l lgsfon] cf}krfl/stfsf nflu s]xlzx/l If]qdf cfuf] afng] sd{sf08 k'/f u5{. t/ u fld0f If]qdf eg] xfnt pxl x'g5. lr;f]n] dl//x]sf hgtfnfo{ /fxt k'of{pg ;/sf/nfo{ s'g} dtna g} x'fb}g. df};d ljefun] lbpsf] hfgsf/lsf] cfwf/df dw]zdf lr;f] a9\g' cufl8 hgr]tgf k}mnfpg] ;"rgf lbg ;lsg5. t/ /fho To;k lt pbf;lg 5. ;Defljt cj:yfsf nflu tof/ /xg'kg]{ ;/sf/l lgsfo dw]zdf zltnx/ cfpg] k"j{ cg'dfgsf afjh'b s'g} tof/l g} ub}{g. dw]z / dw]zl hgtfsf] kl8fn] /fhonfo{ 5'g ;s]sf] b]lvfb}g. ;/sf/l ;+ogq dfq xf]og :j3f]lift gful/s ;dfh / /fxtsf] sfd ug]{ ;+3 ;+:yfx ;d]t b]zdf s]xl gep h:tf] ul/a;]sf 5g\. kxf8sf] b}jlk sf]kdf ttsfn k lts[of hgfpfb} p4f/ / /fxtdf h'6\g] g]kfn ;/sf/ dw]zsf nfvf}+ dflg; b}jlk sf]ksf] rk]6fdf kbf{ s'g} dtna gug]{ / ul/xfn] klg pq/ k Lsf zf;s ;d'bfosf] a;f]jf; epsf] If]qdf dfq p4f/ / /fxt sfo{ ;+rfng x'g5. csf]{tkm{, ;+ljwfg hf/l x'g' cufl8 k :tfljt ^ g+ k b]zsf s]xl 7fpFdf k bz{g epsf] e/df ;ftf}+ k b]z agfpsf] ;Qfwf/L bnx n] dw]zdf epsf] cfgbf]ngdf dw]zldfyl lgd{d bdg ub}{ ;+ljwfg hf/l uof]{. sl/a ;f9] rf/ bh{g dw]zlx zlxb x'fbf ;d]t k b]zsf] ;Ldf+sg kl/jt{g ug{ cfjzos b]v]g /fhon] / dw]zl hgtfsf] cfgbf]ngnfo{ pk]iff u/l /x\of]. clxn] ;+;bdf k]z ul/psf] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] k :tfjdf % gda/ k b]zaf6 s]xl kxfl8 lhnnf x6fpg] lg0f{osf lj 4 kxfl8 lhnnfdf ;/sf/df ;fd]n bnx ;d]tsf] ;xsfo{df Pdfn]n] s]xl lbg k bz{g u/]s} e/df ;+ljwfg ;+;f]wgnfo{ yfftl /fvg] lg0f{odf ;/sf/ k'u]sf] 5. x'g t of] ;+zf]wgn] dw]zsf] dfuadf]lhd ;Ldf+sg u/]sf] lypg tyfkl cfk}mn] ;+zf]wg k :tfj k]z ug]{ k]m/l cfkm\g} g]tfsfo{stf{nfo{ ;f]xl ;+zf]wg lj 4 k bz{g ug{ k7fpg] sffu ]; dfcf]jfblsf] bf]xf]/f] rl/qn] dw]znfo{ s;/l a]s'km agfpf5 jf ;ldemg5 ;Qfwf/L bnx n] egg] :k:6 x'g5. kxfl8 lhnnfnfo{ % gda/ k b]zaf6 cnu ug]{ k :tfjsf] lj 4df sffu ]; dfcf]jfblsf g]tfsfo{stf{ pq]sf] 36gfaf6 tl bndf /x]sf dw]zl g]tfsfo{stf{ h;n] cgf}krfl/s kdf dw]z d'2fnfo{ ;dy{g u5{g\ t/ v'ng] cff6 ub}{gg\. ltgn] klg l;sg / o; ;jfndf g]t[tj;fu k Zg ug{ h /L 5. dw]zsf nfvf}+ hgtf dlxgf}+;dd cfgbf]ng ubf{, ;f9] rf/ bh{g dw]zl zlxb x'fbf, xhf/f}+ yf ef/t knfog x'fbf / ;os8f}+ yf sf 3/ k x/l k zf;gsf] ;+/If0fdf hnfofbf df}g a;]sf cem egf}+ dw]zl / yf sf cfgbf]ng lj 4 nuftf/ ljifadg u/]sf ;Qfwf/L bnx kxf8df ;Qfwf/L v; cfo{ ;d'bfosf s]xl JolQmsf ;d"xx n] b'o{ rf/ lbgk bz{g ub}{df ltgsf dfu dfgg ttsfn tof/ x'g5. ol / o:tf Jojxf/af6 g]kfnsf] ;Qf gznjfbdf cfwfl/t ep/ cufl8 al9/x]sf] k :6 5. dw]zdf dtsf nflu emg]{, 7'nf 7'nf k ltj4tf JoQm ug]{ clg dt lnp/ cfpkl5 ;a} dw]zlnfo{ laxf/l, wf]tl cyf{t ljb]zl b]vg] k j[lt / dfgl;stfdf ;+ul7t epsf sffu ];, Pdfn], dfcf]jfbl, /fk kfx sf] o:tf] Jojxf/n] dw]znfo{ s]jn ef]6 a}+súsf] kdf tl bnx n] k of]u ul//x]sf] cg'e"lt dw]zl hgtfn] ug{ yfn]sf 5g\. clxn]sf] u0ftflgqs nf]stgqdf ;d]t ;/sf/ / /fhgllts bnx sf] o:tf] lje]bsf/l / pklgj]zjfbl Jojxf/n] g]kfnsf] nf]stgq Pp6f ;d'bfosf] nflu dfq cfpsf] cg'e"lt dw]zn] ul//x]sf] 5. ;/sf/ / ;/sf/l ;+ogqsf] o:tf] Jojxf/n] dw]z / dw]zl ;d'bfok lt pbf;lg epsf] dfq xf]o{g u}/lhdd]jf/ ;d]t epsf] k i6 x'g5. g]kfnsf] ;/sf/ / zf;s ;d'bfosf] o:tf Jojxf/n] b]zleq efjgftds ljefhgsf] /]vfnfo{ dha't agfo/x]sf] 5. Pp6} b]z leqsf] Pp6f ;d'bfodfyl k/]sf] ljklqnfo{ /fli6«o ljklqsf] kdf ;f]rg], Jojxf/ ug]{ / 3f]if0ff klg ug]{ clg csf]{ ;d'bfodfyl k/]sf] ljkqlnfo{ dtna g} gug]{, Wofg glbg] clg Pp6f ;d'bfosf s]xl pu ;fdk bflos ;d"xn] u/]sf] c/fhs / cf}lrtolxg k bz{gnfo{ /fli6«o / /fli6«otfsf] cfgbf]ng b]vg], agb u/fpg k x/l k zf;gn] ;xof]ul e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ t/ csf]{ ;d'bfosf cfdhg;d'bfon] u/]sf] zflgtk"0f{ cfgbf]ngdf bdg / xtof ug]{, dfu k'/f ug'{sf] ; f /fli6«otf dfyl k Zg p7fpg] Jojxf/n] /fli6«o Pstf / /fli6«o PstfnfO{ s'g} klg lx;fan] dha't agfpg ;Sb}g. a lj:tf/} b'o{j6f ;d'bfosf] ljrdf ljefhgsf] /]vf sf]l/g] dfq xf]o{g /fho;fu gftf tf]8\g] dgl:ylt ;d]t ljsl;tx'g ;S5 lje]bdf k/]sf] ;d'bfosf]. To;} klg dw]z lje]bsf] ;jfndf df}g lj/f]w jf ljb f]xsf] dgl:yltdf 5. To;dfyL o;/l k ToIf kdf e]befj eo/x]sf] sf/0f dw]zsf] ljb f]xsf] dfgl;stf cem k an x'fb} upsf] 5. /fhosf] o:tf] Jojxf/n] dw]zdf cnu b]zsf] dfu ul//x]sf ;d"xx nfo{ alnof] agfpfb} nu]sf] / g]kfndf slxn] ;dfkt gx'g] ljefhgsf] /]vf sf]l/g yfn]sf] 5. -dw]z bk{0f lkmr/ ;]jf_

6 df3 & ut] z'qmaf/ ^ ;fj{ef}d /fi6«df hgtfsf] clwsf/ cjw lszf]/ k ;fb s] g]kfn jf:tjdf ;fj{ef}d;qf ;DkGg /fi6«xf] < olb 5 eg] < oxffsf g]tfx olt lsg 8/fO/x]sf 5g\ < oxffsf gful/s cfkm\g} xs clwsf/sf] dfu p7fpfbf b]z g} 6'lqmg] 5 /] < b]zsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf vt/fdf k5{ s;/l < hjfkm 5}g. dw]zl g]tfx ef/tlo b'tfjf; uof] /]. To;df 8/, dw]zl g]tfx lbnnl uof]. To;df 8/, y/ y/ sfdg] lsg < sxl+ g sxl+ lsgt' k/gt' 5. dw]zl;fu a]odfgl ul/psf] 5 / pglx sf] clwsf/ vf];]sf] 5. To;}n] dw]zl;fu 8/fO/x]sf] 5. d]/f] a]odfgl pglx n] yfxf kfo;sof]. dnfo{ ;dft5 ls rf]/nfo{ 8/ eo/xg5. To:t} 8/ oxff 5. dw]zlsf] ;j{:jx/0f ;fgf] s'/f jif{b]lv u'nfd agfo/x]sf]df ca cfkm\gf] clwsf/ glno{ 5f8g]jfnf 5}g. xsclwsf/ dfubf b]z 6'lqmg] s'/f sxffaf6 cfof] < k b]zsf] ;Ldf+sg ;Rofpg'df b]zsf] cv08tf vl08t x'g5 s;/l < cfgtl/s s'/f afxo agg uof] s;/l < g]kfnsf] cv08tf / ;fj{ef}ldstf gssnl t xf]og < c;nl 5 eg] s] sf] 8/ < t/ c;nl nfub}g. ;+ljwfg kl/jt{gzln xf]. ;do ;fk]if ;'wf/ x'g5 t/ clxn] c8fg lnpsf] 5 ;+ljwfgsf] cf}lrto s] < s] OdfGbf/ g]tfnfo{ af]w 5}g < dw]zl;fu a]odfgl eo/fv]sf] 5. dtna g]kfnsf] cv08tf alnof] 5}g. cfgtl/s l;dfgf ;Rofpg'df vl08t x'g5 dw]z. o;sf] l;wf dtna 5 dw]z cfkm\gf] xf]og. c sf] 5 sxl km'tsfolbg5 ls, nu]/ efu5. xf]og < gssnl ;+k e'tf slt lbg < c;nl t Ps lbg ;fd'g] cfpf5 g}. c;nl /fi6«jfbl sf] t < d'vf}6f nufp/ 6'l8v]ndf hf] 8fG; x'g5, To:tf] 8fG; ca rnb}g. /fi6«jfbsf] dtna ;w}+ ef/t lj/f]w. dw]z lj/f]w. ca of] gf/f k'/fgf] eo;sof]. 8/ g+=!= M!*!^ sf] ;'uf}nl ;lgwsf] 8/. ls!(%) sf] ef/t g]kfn d}ql ;lgw sf] 8/ < s]sf] 8/ < xf]. Pp6f 8/ 5. cgt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf] 8/ UNO -o"=pg=cf]=_ ;Fu em'7 af]n]sf] 8/ g]kfnn]!(%% sf] ;b:otf lng] avtdf UNO n] ;f]w]sf] lyof] tkfosf] b]zdf s'g} o:tf] If]q 5 hf] :jtgqtf k flktsf] xs /fv5 < g]kfnn] em'7 af]nof]. o:tf] s'g} If]q 5}g. t/ dw]z o:tf] If]q xf] h'g :jtgqtf sf7df8f}+. nfo;]g; lng] k lqmofnfo{ cfwf 3G6fb]lv! 3G6fdf ;Lldt ug]{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dgqfnosf] 3f]if0ff ;fj{hlgs vktsf nflu dfq epsf] k'li6 epsf] 5. ut laxlaf/ ;jf/lrfns cg'dltkq kmf/fd e/]sf ;]jfu fxln] ;f]daf/;dd klg k of]uftds k/liff lbg kfpsf 5}gg\. o;sf ;fy} slxn] pglx sf] kfnf] cfp 5 egg] sfo{tflnsf;d]t ;jf/lrfns cg'dltkq sfof{non] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5}g. sfof{nosf sd{rf/lsf cg';f/ laxlaf/ kmf/fd e/]sf ;]jfu fxlsf] z'qmaf/ lnlvt k/liff / cfotaf/ k of]uftds k/liff -6«fon_ x'g'kg]{ lyof]. h;cg';f/ z'qmaf/ lnlvt k/liff / k/liffkmn ;fj{hlgs ug' {kg] { lyof]. t/, k/liff lbpsf sl/a ^ ;ohgfsf] ;f]daf/;dd k/liffkmn ;fj{hlgs ul/psf] 5}g. sfof{non] ;f]daf/ sfof{no cfpg cfotaf/ ;"rgf hf/l u/]sf] lyof]. t/, ;f]daf/ sfof{no k'u]sf ;]jfu fxlsf] nfo;]g; lng] k lqmof cl3 a9\g ;s]g. o;sf ;fy} ;jf/lrfns cg'dltkq sfof{no PsfGts'gfn] ut laxlaf/b]lv yk nfo;]g; kmf/fd lnpsf] 5}g. o;/l k flktsf] xs /fvb5. dw]zsf] ;'k'b{ul, dw]zl hgtfsf] ;dy{g ljgf g} epsf] 5. hf] ls cj}w 5 x]g' {;\ ;+o'qm /fi6«k sfzg S.T/D.P.I/SERA/173/REVI c+u ]hl k[i7 8 April 1957 U.N.O. sf] sf7df8f}+ Office jf sfg"g dgqfnodf klg x]g{ ;lsg5. t/ dw]zl hgtf g]kfnl;fu} a:g rfxg5. g]kfnln] rfxfb}g. 8/ M Pp6f csf]{ 8/ klg 5. ljv08gsf] ;Gbe{df b]zsf] dha'tl / Pstfsf nflu l:y/tf, ;fdk bflos ;b\efj, cflhljsf / dha't cy{jo:yf ckl/xfo{ 5. of] rf/ :tde xf]. l:y/tfsf] nflu ;lxi0f'tf h /L 5. t/ oxff ;lxi0f'tf 5}g. O{iof{ / å]if 5. dw]zlsf] ædæ klg ;'Gg rfxfb}g. ljrf/jfg s'dfo' a fxd0f g]tfx cfkm" s'dfo" -ef/tsf]_ t/ dw]zlnfo{ OlG8og egg]. dw]zl zxlbsf] ckdfg ug]{, ls/f dsf]/f egg], ;8]un]sf] egg]. clxn];dd b]z 6'6]sf] 5}g eg] cfzro{sf] s'/f] xf]. ljrf/df dte]b x'g ;S5. t/ dte]b x'g x'fb}g. oxff t dte]b t dgdf g} b'i6 efj 5. b]z Odfgbf/Ldf rn5. a]odfgldf x]fog. b]zdf Pp6f klg /fhg]tf 5}gg\. ;a} If]qLo g]tf x'g\. of] lhnnf xfd f] xf]. 6'qm\g' x'fb}g. of] lhnnf xfd f] dw]zdf hfg x'fb}g of] b]z xfd f] xf]. of] dw]z xfd f] xf] egb}g. xfd f] d}bfgdf sf] 5 t /fli6«o:t/sf g]tf < 8/ g+=#= M ;lxi0f'tf 5}g h] dg nfuof], dw]zsf] lj 4df a]flnlbof]. v;jfbl n]vsx ;a} kqklqsfdf dw]z lj/f]wl n]v n]vg' cfkm\gf] st{jo ;DemG5g\. ;w} k Zg p7fpf5g\ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg s;sf nflu < clwsf/sf nflu. s] of] nfub}g ls dw]zl;fu a]odfgl u/l /xg' epsf] 5. clxn];dd of] dx;'; eo/x]sf] 5}g eg] a]odfglsf] of] k/fsfi7f xf]. b]z OdfGbf/Ln] rn5. a]odfgln] xf]og. b]pjfhl cf]nlnfo{ ;Demfpg' x'g5. dw]zl cfkm\g} bfh"efo{ xf]. o;sf] dtna cfkm\gf] bfh'nfo{ dfgl/x]sf] 5}g. u}/ g} dflg /x]sf] 5. k i6 5. u}/ 5f}+ eg] tkfo;fu lsg a:g] / zflgtk"j{s klg aff8kmff8 x'g5. xltof/n] dfq x'fb}g. efo{ ;fxj dw]zlsf] sfo{sf] k/liff slt lbg;dd lno/xg]. Ps lbg t wf}o{tfsf] affw 6'6\5. o:t} /xof] eg] ef/tlo dg;fo klg o:t} nfu5. ls g]kfn ef/tlo k b]z h:t} xf]. o; efjgfnfo{ g]kfnl g]tf an k' ofo{ /x]sf] 5 xf]og t < bf]if dw]zl g]tfnfo{ lbg] u5{. dw]zl g]tf lbnnl / ef/tlo b"tfjf; uof] eg] /fi6«3ftl / kxf8l g]tf uof] eg] /fli6«o ;Ddfg < dw]zl g]tf ef/tlo ;/sf/sf] kf]ifs ttj xf]. dw]zlsf] s'g} cl:ttj g} 5}g. o:tf ;f]rn] b]znfo{ slxn];dd cv08 /fvg ;lsg5 < 8/ g+= $= M g]kfnsf kxf8l zf;ssf] Pp6f c klg 8/ 5. kmfb/ n}+8sf] cb[zo clwsf/. g]kfn t db/n}08 xf] t/ kmfb/ n}08 lg < kmfb/ n}+8 sf] t < lgzro g} ef/t xf]og / < ef/tsf] dg;fo klg 5}g ls g]kfn xfd} c+z xf]. :jtgq b]z t gfd dfqsf] xf]. To;}n] a/fa/ cfgtl/s dfldnfdf x:tif]k x'fb}5. zfob pq/ l5d]slsf] klg df}g ;dy{g 5. Oltxf; sf]n6fp/ x]g'{;\. t/fo{sf] gs;f kl/jt{g ug{ rfx]df s] pq/ l5d]sl g}lts kn] af]ng ;S5 < cyjf ;, cd]l/sf / o'/f]klog o"lgog lj/f]wdf cfpf5 < dw]zl t :jfot dw]z dfq} rfxg5. kxf8l -g]kfnl_;fu ldn]/ a:g rfxg5. t/ u}/dw]zlx rfxfb}gg\. Pp6f lxgbldf pvfg 5 æuh gxl+ xf/] +u], yfg xf] /u]æ To:t} gx'g hfcf];\. ;+ljwfg () k ltzt ;ff;bn] kf; ul/psf] t/ () k ltzt ;ff;b dfq!@ü hgtfsf] k ltlglwtj u5{. affsl ** k ltzt hgtf lje]bsf/l ;+ljwfgnfo{ lsg dfgg] < ;dfg hg;+vofsf] cfwf/df k ltlglwtj lbg5 eg] ;F;bdf dw]zlx sf] k ltlglwtj x'g5. s] ;w}+ kxf8lx sf] g} ar{zj /xf];\ < dw]zlsf] ax'dt x'g' x'fb}g < of] s'ljrf/ xf]. dw]zl kxf8lsf] s'/f sxffaf6 cof] < ax'dt h;sf] xf];\. kxf8 lxdfn t/fo{ ;a Ps 5. of] af]nldf dfq} ;Lldt /xg' eg]sf] dgdf eo+s/ lje]b n's]sf] 5. df]/+u, ;'g;/l, emfkf dw]z xf]og < olb xf] eg] kxf8df lsg hfg' kg]{ < Pdfn] g]tf eg5g\, ;dtn hldg rflxg5 eg] ljxf/, o'kllt/ hfpf. ljxf/, o'klnfo{ g]kfndf lsg gldnfo{ lng] < t/ ljxf/, o'klnfo{ g]kfndf ldnfpg ;lsg5 ls ljxf/ o'kl, dw]znfo{ g} ljxf/, o'kldf ldnfo{ lng5. of] t kfj/ kfj/sf] s'/f x'g]5. t/fo{sf] hg;+vof ef/tlo gssnl gful/stfdf dfq kqaf6 a9]sf] 5}g. kxf8af6 kxf8lsf] a;fo{ ;/foaf6 a9]sf] 5. s]xl lbg klxn];dd emfkfdf kxf8lsf] a;fo{!$ü lyof]. clxn] kxf8l hg;+vof %^Ü 5. /fhj+zl, yf nfo{ ef/tlt/ cgofok"j{s eufo{ lbpsf] xf]. nfo;]g; lng ;f:tl l9nfo x'g'df sdko'6/ k 0ffnLs[t ;e{/df lg/gt/ ;d:of cfpg'nfo{ dflgpsf] 5. ;e{/df cfpsf] ;d:ofs} sf/0f b' tultdf ;]jf k bfg ug{ g;lspsf] ;jf/lrfns cg'dltkq sfof{no, PsfGts'gfsf gfd :yfgdf rf/kf+u pnn]v ug{ grfxg] Ps sd{rf/ln] atfp. dgqfnon] kl5nnf b'o{ xktfsf] cjlwdf sf7df8f}+ pktosfdf yk b'o{j6f ;jf/lrfns cg'dltkq ljt/0f ug]{ sfof{no ;~rfngdf NofPsf] 5. To:t}, cgnfogdfkm{t ;jf/lrfns cg'dltkqsf] kmf/fd eg{ ;lsg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5. o;n] ;jf/lrfns cg'dkltkq -nfo;]g;_ sf] kmf/fd eg{ dwo/ftb]lv nfug] el8 s]xl lbgotf 36]sf] lyof]. t/, ;e{/df cfpsf] ;d:ofn] k'gm klxn]s} h:tf] el8 x'g yfn]sf] 5. gof v'n]sf sfof{nodf ;jf/lrfns cg'dltkq gjls/0f ug]{ sfd dfq x'g] u/]sf] 5. o;n] klg el8 a9]sf] xf]. ;/sf/n] pktosfdf ;jf/lrfns cg'dltkq ljt/0f ug]{ sfof{nosf] ;+Vof hf]l8psf] ln+s l8;]anú x' tlg -PsfGts'gf, :jode" / huftl_ k' ofo;s]sf] 5. oxl xktf rfalxndf klg yk Ps sfof{no vf]n]/ rf/j6f sfof{no ;~rfngdf cfpg]5g\. t/, pktosfdf nfo;]g; k fkt ug{ cfjzos kg]{ k of]uftds k/liff -6«fon_sf nflu b'o{j6f dfq s]gb 5g. /fdzfxkyl:yt g]kfn 6«]l8ª lnld6]8sf] ejg /x]sf] ] ;jf/l;fwgsf] k of]uftds k/liff x'g] u/]sf] 5 eg] dlgejgl:yt oftfoft Joj:yf ljefusf] k f+u0fdf b'o{kf+u ] ;jf/l;fwgsf] k of]uftds k/liff x'g] u/]sf] 5. yk ul/psf :jode" / huftldf k of]uftds s]gb 5}g. o:t} oxl xktfb]lv ;~rfngdf cfpg] elgpsf] rfalxn sfof{nodf klg k of]uftds s]gb 5}g. k of]uftds s]gb ljgfsf sfof{non] ;jf/lrfns cg'dltkqsf] gjls/0fafx]s cgo sfd ug{ ;Sb}gg\. oftfoft Joj:yf ljefu, ;"rgf k ljlw zfvfsf OlGhlgo/ /fhs'df/ dxh{gn] ;e{/df cfpsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg eo;s]sf] hfgsf/l lbp. gof v'n]sf tlgj6f sfof{nonfo{ ljefuaf6 ln+s lbg] ul/psf] lyof]. t/, PsfGts'gfdf /x]sf] k 0ffnL; u bf sfd /f]lspsf] xf]. PsfGts'gfdf clxn] ;8s lj:tf/sf] sfd eo/x]sf] / ejgaflx/sf kf]nx xlnnfbf klg ;e{/df c;/ k'ubf ;d:of b]lvpsf] OlGhlgo/ dxh{gn] bfal u/]. k'ln;nfo{?:nfg sk lqe'jg cfdl{nfo{ $ ljs]6n] k/flht ub}{?:nfg sk lqms]6sf] pkflw g]kfn k'ln; Snan] lht]sf] 5. pkflw;fu} k'ln;n] # nfv?k}off xft kf/]sf] 5 eg] nfvdf lrq a'emfpsf] 5. ut ;+:s/0fsf] kmfogndf klg cfdl{ k'ln;;fu} k/flht epsf] lyof]. d+unaf/ sllt{k'/df pkflwsf nflu cfdl{n] k :t't u/]sf]!$# /gsf] nio k'ln;n] clgtd cf]e/sf] v]n cl3 ^ ljs]6 u'dfp/ e] fof]. p;sf nflu lbk]gb P]/Ln] cljlht $@ /gn] agfp eg] s'zn e't]{nn] #$ / lblnk /g hf]8]. ljqmd zf]j / ljs]6 lnp eg] clegfz s0f{n] Ps ljs]6 xft kf/]. o;cl3 6; xf/]/ klxn] Aofl6ªsf] lgdtf] kfpsf] cfdl{n] cf]e/df ^ ljs]6 u'dfp/!$@ /g agfpsf] lyof]. p;sf nflu ljgf]b e08f/ln] $) /g agfp eg] /fh]z k'nfdln] #* /g hf]8]. g/]z /gsf] kf/l v]n]. k'ln;sf nlnt e08f/l / nlnt ljs]6 lnp. k ltof]lutfdf ;fu/ k'g pts[i6 Aof6\;Dofg / lht]gb d'lvof ptsi6 an/ ag]. Dofg ckm lb l;l/h ;'lgn wdnf ag]. k ltof]lutfdf ;jf{lws 5Ssf xfgg] s'zn e't]{nn] xfg]. ;'o{ nfdf pbodfg v]nf8l agbf?:nfg Aof6n Sofr cfl/km z]v / km:6]:6 %) /fh]z k'nfdlsf] gfddf /Åof]. o:t} k ltof]lutfe/ Ps dfq zts agof]. of] z+s/ /fgfsf] gfddf /Åof]. lrlgof Sansf] k :tfj 6fp/]n] u/]/ c:jlsf/ Dofgr]:6/ l;6lsf ld8lkmn8/ ofof 6fp/]n] lrlgoff Snan] ;ftfsf] $ nfv #) xhf/ kfpg8 lbg] k :tfj c:jlsf/ u/]sf 5g\. t/, 6fp/]nfO{ rlgsf] s'g Snan] k :tfj u/]sf] v'nfopsf] 5}g. 6fp/]nfO{ k :tfj eg] ut ;d/df ul/psf] lyof]. k]k Ujfl8{cf]nf l;6lsf] k lzifs ag]/ cfpkl5 cfoe/l sf]:6sf ## jifl{o :6«fOs/ 6fp/]n] rlg hfg] ;f]r agfpsf lyp. ;'?jftl lbgdf Ujfl8{cf]nfsf] /f]hfodf kg{ c;kmn x'g ;Sg] ;+s]tkl5 6fp/] rlg hfg rfx]sf lyp. t/, kl5nnf v]ndf 6fp/]n] df}sf kfo/x]sf 5g\ eg] uf]n klg ul//x]sf 5g\. To;}n] #! hgj/lsf] 6«fG:km/ ljg8f] ;lsg'cl3 rlg hfg] ljsnkdf 6fp/]n] rf;f] b]vfpsf 5}gg\. To;f] t 6fp/] / l;6lalrsf] ;Demf}tf cfpfbf] ;d/df ;dfkt xf'b} 5. k lzifs Ujfl8{cf]nfsf] /f]hfodf kg{ yfn]kl5 6fp/]n] l;6l;fu yk ;Demf}tf x'g] ljzjf; u/]sf 5g\. l;hgsf] ;'?jftdf df}sf gkfpsf 6fp/] kl5nnf] ;ft v]ndf klxnf] /f]hfodf d}bfg plqpsf lyp. df l;6ldf cfa4 6fp/] 6f]nLsf dxtjk"0f{ v]nf8l dflgg5g\. hd{g ld8lkmn8/ Os] uf]g8f]ufg 3fOt] epkl5 6fp/]dfly yk lhdd]jf/l cfok/]sf] 5. jf6kmf]8{lj?4sf] v]ndf uf]g8f]ufgnfo{ 3'F8fdf udel/ rf]6 nfu]sf] lyof]. efgufnn] lnp ;Gof; Dofgr]i6/ o'gfo6]8 tyf g]b/nof08sf k"j{ k lzifs n'o; jif]{ sf]lrª sl/o/af6 ;Gof; lnpsf 5g\. ^% jifl{o efgxfn ;f]daf/ g]b/nof08 ;/sf/af6 nfokm 6fOd Plerd]G6 cjf8{af6 ;Ddflgt epsf lyp. 6]lnu fkmsf cg';f/ pgn] kfl/jfl/s sf/0fn] sf]lrª sl/o/af6 ;Gof; lnpsf] atfpsf 5g\. PkmP sk lht]sf] s]xl 306fkl5 df o'gfo6]8sf] k lzifsaf6 avf{:t epkl5 efgufn sfdlaxlg jif]{ sf]lrª sl/o/df pgl cofs;, afl;{nf]gf, afo{g Do'lgv / Ph]8sf] ;d]t k lzifs ag].

7 & lji0f'eqm km'of n :d[lt k'/:sf/ /+usdl{ :jul{o lji0f'eqm km'fofnsf] :d[ltdf lji0f'eqm km'fofn :d[lt /+usd{ k'/:sf/ú :yfkgf epsf] 5. of] k'/:sf/ s';'d gf6\o ;d"xsf ;+:yfks cwoif j}s'07 e08f/ln] :yfkgf u/]sf x'g\. km'fofn kffr jif{otf s';'d gf6\o ;d"xsf cwoif lyp. e08f/lsf cg';f/ g]kfnl gf6\o If]qdf b'o{ jif{b]lv ;lqmo n]vs, lgb]{zs, /+usdl{ tyf /+u kqsf/nfo{ of] k'/:sf/ lbog]5. k'/:sf/:j k kffr xhf/ gub / tfd kq lbog] klg e08f/ln] hfgsf/l lbp. g]kfnl /+usd{df lqmofzln /+usdl{x nfo{ k f]t;fxg / lji0f'eqm kmf'ofnsf] lg/gt/ ;Demgfsf nflu of] :d[lt k'/:sf/ :yfkgf ul/psf] pgn] atfp. ;f+:s[lts ;+:yfgn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] gf6sdf clego ug]{ k';!( ut] gfr3/sf] /+ud~rdf km'fofnsf] lgwg epsf] lyof]. Ps} d~rdf b'o{ k ltof]lutf PPgkL ldl8of xfp;n] Ps} d~rdf ;f}gbo{;dagwl b'o{ k ltof]lutf ld; sn]h cfosg / lnl6n cfosn )!& cfof]hgf ug{] epsf] 5. ;lxb lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ df3!^ df gfr3/, hdndf ug{ nflupsf] k ltof]lutfdf /fhwfglsf ljlegg sn]h tyf ljbfnodf cwoog/t 5fq 5fqfn] efu lnpsf] hfgsf/l cfof]hs ;+:yfsf k agw lgb{]zs naaxfb'/ sfsl{n] lbpsf 5g\. ljbfno tyf sn]hsf] hf8f] labfsf] ;b'kof]u ub{} cfof]hgf ul/psf] ld; sn]h cfosgdf sn]h cwoog/t!% 5fqf k lt:kwf{df 5g\. pglx x'g\ /]vf ;'Gbf;, s[lt >]i7, hd'gf sfsl{, ch]zgf zfso, lagb' e, ;'hgf kf08], ;Eotf g]kfn, ;ln;f >]i7, lbgf b]s], 6f;LNxfd' z]kf{, k lt1f yfkf, ddtf u'?ª, O:kf hf]zl, Zj]tf yfkf / lkof sf+'j/. lnl6n cfosgdf eg] /fhwfglsf ljlegg ljbfnodf cwoog/t $! afnaflnsf k lt:kwf{df 5g\. b'j} k ltof]lutfn] k ltof]ulsf] JolQmTj ljsf;df ;xof]u ug{] bfal cfof]hs ;+:yfsf] 5. lqnf]ssf] j/bfg emg8} ;ft jif{sf] lj>fdkl5 Ps ;dosf rlr{t ufos lqnf]s /fgf bz{s >f]tfdfem cfpsf 5g\ j/bfg lnp/. j/bfg pgsf] goff ulltpnad xf]. j/bfgdf cf7j6f ult 5g\. pgsf] o; PNadsf] sff8f 5f]P km"n ag5ú af]nsf] ultsf] lel8of] klg xfn} ;fj{hlgs epsf] 5. ;'gln df:s]sf] ;+ult /x]sf] ;f] ultsf] lel8of]df cleg]ql a]glzf xdfn / clgn yfkfn] clego u/]sf 5g\. >f]tf bz{ssf] dfof / cflzjf{bn] k'g/fudg epsf] 5 d]/f],ú lqnf]s eg5g\, cfzf 5, klxnfemf} d]/f] ult ;'lglbg'x'g]5.ú ;ft jif{;dd >f]tfdfem cfpg g;s]sf] 56k6L j/bfgdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] atfpf5g\. bz{s, >f]tfaf6 d}n] klxnf hlt w]/} dfof kfpsf] lypf, ca cem w]/} dfofsf] cfzf u/]sf] 5',Ú pgl eg5g\, j/bfgdf Ps;] Ps ;'dw'/ ult ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5'. ;a}nfo{ dg kg{]df ljzj:t 5'.Ú ;fj{hlgs epsf] 5f]6f] ;dod} j/bfgsf ult rlr{t x'fb} uo/x]sf]df v';l dfg]sf 5g\\ lqnf]sn]. efoa; lqmp;gn] ahf/ Joj:yfkg u/]sf] j/bfgdf sff8f 5f]P km"n ag5ú, ltdlnfo{ 5'g] xfjf efuodfglú, klxnf] e]6df ltdl;fuú, hnfpmfemf} nfu5 ;+;f/ú, d'6'df w'k hln/xg5únufotsf af]nsf ult 5g\. cgo ultsf lel8of] s]xl ;dokl5 lgdf{0f ul/g] pgl atfpf5g\. of]ghgnfo{ /fli6«o ;+ult k'/:sf/ dsjfgk'/ eld lj/fu ;+ult, ;flxto, snf k lti7fg g]kfn dsjfgk'/n] lah'nldfof jgm >]i7 /fli6«o ;+ult k'/:sf/ú snf;fws sd{ of]~hgnfo{ lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5. of] k'/:sf/ Joj;foL sgx}of s[i0f >]i7n] cfdf lah'nldfof jgm >]i7sf] gfddf :yfkgf u/]sf x'g\. k lti7fgn] eld lj/fusf] *@cf}f hgdhogtlsf] cj;/df x]6f}f8fdf ljz]if ;flxltos sfo{qmd ub}{ df3!% ut] k'/:sf/ ck{0f ug]{ hgfpsf] 5. df]km;nsf] ;jf{lws /flzsf] ;+ult k'/:sf/ elgpsf] of] k'/:sf/sf] /flz Ps nfv?k}off xf]. of]ghg of] k'/:sf/ kfpg]!)cf}f JolQm cs6f]a/!(#& df bflh{lnªsf] dfl/of s6]hdf hlgdpsf of]ghgn] bh{gf}f ultdf ;+ult e/]sf 5g\. pgsf] x] km"n r'f8]/ nfg] xf] oxff dfnl, b]p/fnlsf l76l xf] gssn kfg'{kb}{gú, ;f/+ulsf] tf/n] d]/f] dgsf] ult ufpf5, ltd f] h:tf] d'6' d]/f] klgú, / lrgf/l xfd f] w]/} k'/fgf]únufotsf ult clxn] klg nf]slk o 5g\. of]ghgsf] ;+ultdf gf/fo0fuf]kfn, 8]hL a/fonlnufotsf ufosn] :j/ lbpsf 5g\. dxfslj b]jsf]6fsf] k l;4 ulltgf6s Dx]Gb'sf] ;+ult ;+of]hg ug'{sf ;fy} OGb axfb'/ /fo{sf] pkgof; hf/df cfwfl/t rnlrqsf ;+ultsf/ klg x'g\, sd{ of]ghg. k"j{sf] ;+ult, gf6s / g[tosf] ljj/0f Pp6} k':tsdf k"j{sf s'gfsfkrfdf /x]sf ;+ult, gf6s / g[to If]qsf] lj:t[t hfgsf/l ;d]6]/ Pp6} k':ts tof/ kfl/g] epsf] 5. g]kfn ;+ult tyf gf6\o k 1f k lti7fgn] k b]z g+=! sf!$ j6} lhnnfsf] ljlegg :yfgdf k'u]/ ;+ult, gf6s / g[to If]qsf] Oltxf;b]lv jt{dfg;ddsf] vf]h u/l k':ts tof/ kfg{ nfu]sf] xf]. zlgaf/ t]x y'ddf / cfotaf/ wgs'6fdf :yfglo snf ;+:s[ltsdl{x ;Fu k lti7fgn] u/]sf] cgtlqm{of kl5 of] lgisif{ lgsflnpsf] xf]. k lti7fgsf ;b:o tyf cg';gwfg kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs dfwj k wfgsf cg';f/ o;sf nflu kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs k f1 k wfg;lxt vf]hstf{ k fwofks 8f= t'nf/fh lg/f}nf;lxtsf] 6f]nLn] k"j{sf lhnnfdf vf]h ul//x]sf] 5. agof] cf]dnf lkmnd ofsvf hfltsf] ;+:s[ltdf cfwfl/t lkmnd cf]dnfsf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg epsf] 5. cflbjf;l ofsvf hfltsf] ;+:s[ltnfo{ syfj:t' agfp/ klxnf]k6s of] rnlrq agfopsf] bfal 5. ho x'gdfg lqmo;g k flnsf] Aofg/df of] rnlrq lgdf{0f epsf] xf]. of] rnlrqsf] ;Dk"0f{ k fljlws sfd ;lspsfn] k bz{gsf] tof/ldf /x]sf] lgdf{tf Pj+ gfos cho lhdln] atfp. ofsvfx sf] a;fjaf; /x]sf] Onfd, kffry/, df]/ª / emfkfsf ;fy} /fhwfgldf klg rnlrq b]vfog] lgdf{0fkifn] hgfpsf] 5. ;fdflhs syfj:t'nfo{ ;d]6]/ rnlrqsf dfwodaf6 ofsvf hfltsf] ;+:sf/ / ;+:s[ltnfo{ phfu/ ug]{ k of; ul/psf] lhdln] atfp. w'd'{; ;'GtnL kmfpg8];gnfo{ s[lif ljsf; a}+ssf]!% nfv ;xof]u s[lif ljsf; a} +sn] w'd' {; ;'GtnL kmfpg8];gnfo{!% nfv?k}off ;xof]u u/]sf] 5. a}+sn] cfkm\gf] %)cf}f jflif{sf]t;j cj;/df cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ;xof]u x:tfgt/0f u/]sf] xf]. a}+ssf k d'v sfo{sf/l clws[t nlnfk sfz l;6f}nfn] kmfpg8];gsf ;+of]hs ;Ltf/fd s ]n -w'd' {;_nfo{ d+unaf/ ;xof]u /sd x:tfgt/0f u/]. l;6f}nfn] a} +ssf] ;+:yfut ;fdflhs pq/bflotjafkt ;xof]u u/]sf] atfp. /fi6«a}+sn] rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] df}lb s glltdfkm{t a}+s tyf ljqlo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] gfkmfsf] lglzrt k ltzt /sd ;+:yfut ;fdflhs pq/bflotjdf vr{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof]. ;xof]u /sd dxf]q/lsf] alb{af;l:yt PsLs[t d';x/ a:tl lgdf{0f ug{ vr{ ug]{ kmfpg8];gsf ;+of]hs w'd'{;n] atfp. k':tf}fb]lv ul/aln] k tfl8t d';x/ a:tldf ca 3/ 7l8g]5g\,Ú pgn] eg]. w'd'{;n] ;f] a:tldf %) j6f kssl 3/, ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno, ;fd'bflos ejg / kssl ;8s lgdf{0f ul/g] hfgsf/l lbp. o'/f]ksf] a:tlh:tf] agfpg nfu]sf 5f}F,Ú pgn] yk], s]xl dlxgfkl5 tkfo{+x n] o'/f]k]nl ;x/ alb{af;df b]vg ;Sg'x'g]5.Ú w'd'{;n] cfufdl! j}zfvdf a:tl x:tfgt/0f ug]{ 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf] klg atfp. /s]6sf] ultdf sfd ug]{ xf] eg] dfq} Tof] ;Dej 5,Ú pgn] yk], b 't ultdf ;a}n] sfd ug]{ xf] eg] jif{leq b]z agfpg ;S5f}F egg] pbfx/0f b]vfolbg5f}f.ú Unf]an cfopdo{nfo{ cf:jf k 0ffnLdf hfg cg'dlt Unf]an cfopdo{ a}+sn] lwtf]kq af]8{af6 cf:jf -PlKns];g ;kf]6]{8 afo{ AnS8 PdfpG6_ k 0ffnLsf] cg'dlt kfpsf] 5. a}+snfo{ ;fj{hlgs kdf lgisf;g ug]{ ;fwf/0f lwtf]kq -cfolkcf]_ tyf yk lwtf]kq -Pkmlkcf]_ sf] lgisf;g ;dodf nufglstf{af6 b/vf:t kmf/d ;+sng tyf To;;DaGwL cgo sfo{ ug{ af]8{n] cg'dlt lbpsf] xf]. cg'dltkl5 af]8{n] nfu" u/]sf] cf:jf k 0ffnLdfkm{t ;]o/ nufglstf{n] dfu u/]sf] ;]o/afkt x'g cfpg] /sd nufglstf{sf] a}+s vftfdf /f]ssf x'g]5. k 0ffnLdf nufglstf{n] dfu u/]sf] ;]o/a/fa/sf] /sd dfq vftfdf /f]ssf eo{ ;]o/ aff8kmff8df k/]sf] /sd s6f}tl u/l affsl /sd vftfd} ;'/lift /lx/xg] ;'ljwf nufglstf{n] kfpg]5g\. a}+sn] u fxs ;'ljwfnfo{ nlift u/l cf:jf k 0ffnLdf cfa4 epsf] hgfpsf] 5. nidl a}+såf/f k f]km];gn lbofnf] k flkt /fi6«a} +saf6 s ju{sf] Ohfhtkq k fkt nidl a} +sn] v ju{sf] k f]km];gn lbofnf] ljsf; a}+snfo{ k flkt -PlSjlh;g_ u/l sf/f]af/ ;'? u/]sf] 5. k flktkl5 nidl a}+s lnld6]8sf] gfdaf6 PsLs[t sf/f]af/ ;'? epsf] xf]. k flktkl5 a}+ssf % j6f goff zfvf sfe ]df kfrfvfn / es'g8]a]f;l, l;gw'kfnrf]sdf rf}tf/f, lrtjgdf xflsdrf]s / kf]v/f, sf:sldf lrkn]9' +ufdf lj:tf/ epsf 5g\. a}+ssf] ca zfvf ;~hfn ^$ lj:tfl/t sfpg6/ clg *) Pl6Pd k'u]sf 5g\. a}+ssf] xfn /x]sf] s]gb Lo sfof{no :yfg xfql;f/, sf7df8f}+d} /xg]5. l;l6hg;sf] OPdeLdf cfwfl/t lrk sf8{ l;l6hg; a}s OG6/g];gnn] le;f 8]la6 tyf qm]l86 sf8{nfo{ OPdeLdf cfwfl/t lrk sf8{af6 hf/l u/]sf] 5. u fxs;fu /x]sf k'/fgf Dofb gf3]sf Dofug]l6s l:6«k sf8{ gjls/0f ubf{ clgjfo{ kdf lrk ljt/0f ul/g] a}+sn] atfpsf] 5. Dofb ggf3]sf Dofug]l6s l:6«k sf8{ kl/jt{g ug{ rfxg] u fxssf nflu Go"gtd z'ns lno{ kl/jt{g ul/lbg] Joj:yf ldnfopsf] a}+ssf] egfo 5. a} +sn] xfn g]kfn / ef/tdf k of]u ug{ ;lsg] 8f]d]l:6s 8]la6 / qm]l86 sf8{sf ;fy} ljzjjofkl kdf k of]u ug{ ;lsg] OG6/g];gn 8n/ 8]la6 Pj+ qm]l86 sf8{ ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5. lrkdf cfwfl/t sf8{ k of]uaf6 sf/f]af/ ;'/lift Pj+ e/kbf] { x'g] x' Fbf 8f6f rf]/l Pj+ cglws[t sf/f]af/sf] ;Defjgf Go"g /xg] a} +sn] hgfpsf] 5. a} +sn] xfn %* zfvf / (& j6f zfvf/lxt cfw'lgs a} +lsª ;]jfaf6 sl/a % nfv u fxsnfo{ ;]jf k bfg ul//x]sf] 5. l;4fy{sf] xsk b ;]o/ lgisf;g l;4fy{ 8]enkd]G6 a}+s lnld6]8n] ljbdfg ;]o/wglsf nflu!)m ^ sf] cg'kftdf xsk b ;]o/ lgisf;g ug]{ epsf] 5. xsk b ;]o/ lgisf;gsf nflu a}+s / lwtf]kq lgisf;g tyf laqml k agws glan OGe]i6d]G6 a}+lsª lnld6]8alr ;D f}tf ;DkGg epsf] 5. ;D f}tfkqdf a}+ssf tkm{af6 k d'v sfo{sf/l clws[t chos'df/ ld> / glan OGe]i6d]G6sf tkm{af6 k d'v sfo{sf/l clws[t k jl0f/d0f k/fh'nln] x:tfif/ u/]sf d+l;/df ;DkGg a}+ssf]!&cf}f jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efn] ;]o/wglx df -af]g; ;]o/ hf/lkzrft\_!)m^ sf] cg'kftdf xsk b ;]o/ hf/l ug{ lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof]. a}+ssf] xfn! ca{ $! s/f]8 (! nfv ^& xhf/ ^ ;o?k}off r'qmf k'fhl /x]sf] 5. Sajha Express (p.) Ltd. Domestic & INT L Courier Cargo Service Hanumansthan, Anamnagar Po Box Kathmandu, Nepal, Tel , Head Office Branch Office Barnwal Market, Birgunj Hari Panta (Branch Manager), Tel ,

8 df3 & ut] z'qmaf/ Uof;df==== Uof; ctofjzos j:t'df kg]{ x'fbf o;nfo{ k fyldstfdf /flvpsf] / clwsf+z d'n'sdf Uof;df Eof6 5'6 lbofb} cfpsf] 5. Uof;df Eof6 nfu" x'fbf pbf]ulx?nfo{ dfq kmfobf k'ug] u/]sf] 5. ;/sf/n] unt glltut lg0f{o ubf{ pbf]ulx?n] To;sf] kmfobf p7fpfb} cfpsf 5g\. ToxL sldzgsf] nf]edf k/]/ Uof; pbf]ulx?sf] ;+Vof lbgk ltlbg a9\b} upsf] 5. Uof;sf] Eof6 x6fpfbf /fhonfo{ 3f6f x'fb}g, pbf]ul / xf]6n Joj;foLx?n] Eof6 lkmtf{ kfpg] x'fbf pglx?nfo{ o;df kmfobf k'u5. cfd pkef]qmfn] Uof;sf] Eof6 lkmtf{ lng ;Sg] ;Defjgf gepsfn] cfd pkef]qmfnfo{ /fxt lbg ls t 5'6} d"nodf ;jf{;fwf/0f pkef]qmfnfo{ Eof6 afx]ssf] d"nodf Uof; Gofokl/ifb\ g}=== Gofokl/ifb\sf] Wofgfif{0f u/fpfb} To:tf] r]tfgjl lbpsf x'g\. ;/sf/l jlnsaf6 prr cbfntsf] Gofoflwzdf Pshgf l;kmfl/; ul/psf] lyof]. ;/sf/l jflsnn] kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{onfo{ lgs[i7 ceof;sf] ;+1f ;d]t lbpsf 5g\. Gofo ;]jfsf] ;a} jl/i7tf qmddf /x]sf pn]vo ;+Vofdf /x]sf ;/sf/l jlsnx?nfo pk]iff ub}{ ;+ljwfgsf] efjgf / dd{ ljkl/t l;kmfl/; ul/psf] lgisif{ j}7skl5 hf/l lj1lktdf pnn]v ul/psf] 5. Gofo;]jfsf cgo ;]jfdf /x]sf hgzlqmsf] t'ngfdf ;/sf/l jlsnaf6 Gofoflw; lgo'qmldf ul/psf] l;kmfl/; cgott} Go"g / ;dfg'kflts l;4fgt k lts'n 5. k wfggofofwl; ;'zln sfsl{ g]t[tjsf] Gofokl/ifb\af6 GofofwL; l;kmfl/;sf nflu ul/psf] lg0f{on] ;/sf/l jlsn tyf clws[t sd{rf/lx?nfo{ lsgf/fdf kfl/psf] 7x/ jlsn ;dfhn] u/]sf] 5. k To]s If]qdf /fhgllts efuj08fsf x\jlk=== ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] kif jf ljkifdf lg0f{o ;d]t gu/]sf] atfpsf lyp. b]zsf 7"nf g]tfx? ljb]zl /fi6«sf 7]s]bf/ epsf] cf/f]k nufpfb} ;f+;b\ e08f/ln] eg] ef/tlo k wfgdgql df]blnfo{ b]vfpg klg ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg k :tfj c;kmn agfpg' k5{. hgtfsf] rfxgfcg';f/ ;+;baf6 /fk kf eg5=== /fhgllts /=== cj:yf /x] d'n'sn] sf]if{ kl/jt{g u5{, u0ftgq, ;3Lotf, wd{l{g/k]iftf /xb}g, /fhtgq kmls{g5, kmls{g5. oyfl:yltdf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug{ ;/sf/df hf b}gf}+, upsf dgqlnfo{ klg kmsf{pg' kg]{ x'g;s5. ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] cf}lrto k'li6 x'g;s]sf] 5}g. oxl s'/f /fk kfsf csf{ al/i7 g]tf 8f=k sfzrgb nf]xgln] klg JoQm u/]sf 5g\. xfdl ;/sf/df k fljlws?kdf dfq 5f}+. xfdlnfo{ s'g} s'/f ;f]lwgg, af]wfy{af6 yfxf kfog5. o:tf] ;/sf/df a:g' / ga:g'sf] cf}lrto 5}g. o:tf] cgof}n / ckdfghgs l:yltdf ;/sf/df hfg] xf]og, ;/sf/n] udel/tf b]vfp b}g eg] upsf dgqlnfo{ klg lkmtf{ af]nfp 5f}+. /fk kf c? s8f?kdf k :t't x'gyfn]sf] 5 tlg bn ldn]/ u0ftgq NofPsf x'g\. b]znfo{ ;d[l4 agfpg u0ftgq NofPsf x'g\. u0ftgqsf] /Iff ug{ g;s]kl5 /fhtgq kmsf{pg'sf] ljsnk 5}g. tlg bnsf] ljjfb / c8fgsf] sf/0f hgtf /fhtgq g} l7s egg] kifdf b]lvpsf 5g\. d"n'snfo{ c;kmn kfg]{ log} x'g\, logn] b]znfo{ l5gglegg / c:tjo:t agfp. ca hgtfsf] andf sf]if{ kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ eof]. tlg bnn] of] kl/jt{g /f]s]/ /f]lsg] cj:yf 5}g\. b]zdf b]lvb} upsf] udel/ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ /fhtgqsf] cfjzostf 5. a]nfotdf!! aif{kl5 /fhtgq kmls{psf] lyof]. g]kfndf!@ aif{kl5 /fhtgq kmls{g] l:ylt alg;sof]. lh=k =sf=sf=b=g+= #& )$) )$! pknaw u/fpg] lg0f{o ul/g' cfjzos 5. ;j{;fwf/0f hgftfn] vl/b u/]sf] Uof;sf] Eof6 klg pbf]ulx?n] lkmtf{ lng] u/]sf x'gfn] pbf]ulx? eg] /ftf/ft dfnfdfn eo/x]sf 5g\ eg] cfd pkef]qmf ;/sf/l:t/af6} 7luFb} cfpsf 5g\. ;/sf/sf] bflotj / st{jo eg]sf] cfkm\gf gful/snfo{ ;j{;'ne?kdf ;a} ctofjzos j:t'x? pknaw u/fpg' g} xf]. t/ glltut lg0f{o u/l ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfo{ g} ;/sf/n] 7uL ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf Uof;df nfug] Eof6 5'6 ul/g' cfjzos 5. Uof;df Eof6 5'6 u/]sf cfd hgtfn]!! ;o k};fdf k ltl;ln08/ Uof; vl/b ug{ ;S5g\. clxn] xf]6n Joj;foLx?nfO{ Eof6 5'6 eof] cfd gful/ssf] eg] 9f8} efflrpsf] cj:yfsf] cgto x'g}k5{. cfk"lt{s dgqfnon] To;sf] ;dfwfg ug}{ k5{. cfwf/df o;cl3 klg lgo'qml ul/fb} cfpsf] lyof]. o;egbf klxnf klg lhnnf cbfntdf GofofwL; lgo'qml x'fbf efuj08fd} ul/psf] / s]xl GofofwLzx? lgo'qm eps} lbg g]skf Pdfn]sf] s]lgb o sfof{no anv'df up/ jl/i7 g]tfx?nfo{ e]6]sf lyp. hgtfnfo{ lgikif / :jr5 Gofo lbg'kg]{ bflotj af]s]sf GofofwLzx? /fhgllts bnx?sf] efuj08fdf lgo'qm x'g]epkl5 cbfntsf] ul/df ;d]t ;dfktlsf] af6f]df nfu]sf] 5. kl5nnf] ;dodf prr cbfntdf lgo'qm ul/psf GofofwLzx? dwo]sf s]xl GofofwL;x? goff ;+ljwfg nfu" epkl5 cjsfzdf upsf hgf To;/L cjsf; upsf dwo]!) hgfnfo{ k'gm lgo'qm ug'{ / c?nfo{ Gofokl/ifb\n] l;kmfl/; gug'{n] Gofokl/ifbn] Gofo u of] t < k wfggofofwlz ;'zln sfsl{sf] ## k ltzt dlxnf GofofwL; k' ofpg] k lt4tf stf x/fof] < cjsf;df hgf dwo]sf s]xl dlxnf GofofwL; l;kmfl/;df lsg k/]gg\ < lg0f{o x'g'kg]{df pgn] hf]8 lbpsf lyp. ;+ljwfg sfof{gjog ug{ g;sg] ;/sf/ ;Qfdf al;/xg' cfjzos gepsf] atfpfb} pgn] () k ltzt hgtfn] agfpsf] ;+ljwfg!) k ltztn] gdfgbf pglx?s} kl5 nfug] egb} ;+ljwfg sfof{gjogdf nfug ;/sf/nfo{ cfu x u/]sf lyp. o;/l ;Qf?9 bns} ;f+;b ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] ljkifdf /x]sf a]nf s;/l ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg xf]nf < /fi6«klt ljbfb]jl e08f/ln] cfkmgt;fu eg]sf] ;'Gg]x?sf] k ltlqmof 5 k"j{/fhfsf] ;xeflutfn] 5f]/Lsf] ljx]sf] ;kmntf emg a9l eof]. cyf{t sd/]8 ljbf e08f/l v'zln] ub\ub\ eog\, uf}/jflgjt eog\. k"j{/fhf cfolbbf lax]sf] ;df/f]xsf] /f}gs g} cs} { eof]. ljx]df hfg t ;a} tx / tksfsf JolQmTjx? upsf lyp. k"j{/fhf cfolbbf ljx]sf] cf]h / cfsif{0f g} cs} eof], k"j{/fhfdf /fhgllts / ;f+:s[lts t]h t /x]5 lg. cem} klg k"j{/fhfsf] ljx]df epsf] ;xeflutfsf] rrf{ s"6gllts / /fhgllts a[qdf afsn} rln/x]sf] 5. dw];l df]rf{=== d=if]=x'= lg= b= g+=! )^% )^^ ^) jif{ gf3]sf ls;fgnfo{ k]g;g lbg] tof/l sf7df8f}+. s[lif ljsf; dgqfnon] ^) jif{ gf3]sf d'n'se/sf ;a} ls;fgnfo{ k]g;g pknaw u/fpg 5nkmn yfn]sf] 5. ls;fgnfo{ k]g;g pknaw u/fpg] ;DaGwdf j}slnks cwoog ;dfhn] lbpsf] k ltj]bgdf yk cwoog ug{ dgqfnosf ;x;lrj sfzl/fh bfxfnsf] ;+of]hstjdf sfof{bn u7g ul/psf] 5. ;f]xl jif{ v]tl u/]/ ^) jif{ gf3]sf ;a} ls;fgnfo{ k]g;g pknaw u/fpg 5nkmn cl3 a9fpsf] xf]. dgqfnosf] ;+of]hstjdf j}slnks cwoog ;dfhn] ls;fgnfo{ k]g;g pknaw u/fpg] ljifodf k ltj]bg k]; u/]sf] lyof]. ;f] k ltj]bgdf l;gw'kfnrf]s, l;/xf, lrtjg, vf]6fª, ndh'ª, s}nfnl / d'u'sf ul/a uflj;sf ls;fgaf6 k]g;g ljt/0f ;'? ug{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] lyof]. t/, ;Lldt ;+Vofdf dfq} k]g;g pknaw u/fpfbf ljjfb lg:sg ;Sg] cffsng ub}{ dgqfnon] dfkb08df k/]sf b]ze/s} ;f+;bn] u/] ;xsf/lsf] pb\3f6g df]rf{n] ut] Gofokl/ifb\åf/f g]kfnsf] sf] wf/f #*, $) / $@ tyf Gofoklk/ifb sf] bkmf % sf] udel/ pnn+3g ub} { prr cbfntsf nflu *) hgf GofofwLzsf] l;kmfl/; c;dfj]zl, c;dj}wflgs /x]sf] 7x/ ;d]t u/]sf] 5. pqm lg0f{osf lj?4df ;a} lj/f]w sfo{qmddf P]Soa4tf hgfpg] lg0f{o ;d]t df]rf{n] u/]sf] 5. Gofokl/ifbn] u/]sf] l;kmfl/;lj?4 Psflt/ g]kfn af/n] ;d]t lj/f]w hgfo/x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ ljlegg /fhgllts bn / ;+3;+u7gx?n] ;d]t lj/f]w hgfpsf 5g=, t/ Gofkl/ifb\sf cwoif / b'o{ ;b:ox? ca s'g} xfntdf klg lg0f{o g;lrrg] atfpfb} lxfl8/x]sf x'gfn] ;jf] {Rr / g]kfnaf/ klg cfd'g];fd'g] x'g] cj:yf l;h{gf epsf] 5. s]xl sfg'gljb\x?sf cg';f/ lg0f{o k lqmof g} unt /x]sf] 5. Gofokl/ifb\sf b'o{ ;b:onfo{ aflx/ /fv]/ tlghgfn] dfq lg0f{o ug' { Gofo;+ut b]lvfb}g, ToxfF s]xl g s]xl s}lkmot epsf] tl sfg'gljb\n] atfpsf 5g\. ls;fgnfo{ k]g;g pknaw u/fpg] tof/l epsf] xf]. sfo{bnsf ;+of]hs bfxfnn] bl3{sfnlg dxtjsf] sfo{of]hgf epsfn] ;a} ls;fgnfo{ Ps;fy ;d]6]/ cl3 a9\g'kg]{ cfjzostf /x]sf] atfp. ;Lldt If]qsf ls;fgaf6 dfq} k]g;g ljt/0f ;'? ubf{ ck7\of/f] kg{ ;Sg] b]lvof],ú pgn] eg], To;}n] yf]/} l9nf u/]/ ep klg dfkb08df kg]{ b]ze/sf ;a} ls;fgnfo{ k]g;g pknaw u/fpg yfng'k5{ eg]sf 5f}F.Ú ;d'bfo, s[lif ;]jfs]gb nufot :yfglo ;/sf/l lgsfosf] l;kmfl/;sf jif{b]lv v]tl ul//x]sf ^) jif{egbf a9l pd]/sf ls;fg 5gf]6 ug{ ;lsg] cjwf/0ff 5. o:tf] dfkb08df k/]sf ls;fgnfo{ ttsfn} xhf/ % ;o?k}off k]g;g pknaw u/fpg k ltj]bgn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5. rfn" cfly{s jif{ )&# &$ af6} ls;fgnfo{ k]g;g ljt/0f ;'? ug]{ dgqfnosf] tof/l 5. o;afx]s dgqfnon] k]g;g sf]if v8f ug]{ / k;f{ k;f{ rf]gl{ * l:yt clj/n art tyf C0f ;xsf/l ;+:yfsf] k;f{ If]q sf ;+f;b ljrf/l ofbjn] pb\3f6g ug'{ epsf] 5. b]z ljsf;df ;xsf/l ;+:yfsf] dxtjk'0f{ e'ldsf /x]sf], ljz]if u/l ufpsf hgtfx?nfo{ cfly{s sf/f]af/ ug{ ;lhnf] epsf], ;xsf/lsf] ljsf; ep;+u} prr Jofhdf C0f lng'kg]{ ;d:ofaf6 ufpsf hgtfn] d'lqm kfpsf] rsf]{ Jofh vfg]sf] b'o{ dfq ;Gtfg ;'/lift eljiosf] cfwf/. g]kfn ;/sf/ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dgqfno ;"rgf ljefu * To;df ls;fgn] of]ubfg u/]kl5 k]g;g kfpg yfng] cjwf/0ff klg agfpsf] 5. ls;fg k]g;g sfo{qmdsf nflu rfn" cfly{s jif{ )&# &$ sf nflu! s/f]8?k}off ljlgof]hg epsf] 5. of] /sd cwoog / cfjzos 5nkmn / tof/lsf nflu dfq} epsf] bfxfnn] hfgsf/l lbp. k]g;g ljt/0f sfo{qmd nfu" ug{ yk ah]6 rflxg5,ú pgn] eg], To;sf nflu sfo{qmdsf] k"0f{ cjwf/0ff agfp/ cy{ dgqfnodf k]; u5f}+{.ú dgqfnon] ls;fg k]g;g ljt/0fsf nflu j}slnks cwoog ;dfhnfo{ k/fdz{ lgo'qm u/]sf] lyof]. ;dfhn] k ltj]bg lbo;s]sf] 5. To; ljifodf dgqfnon] yk 5nkmn u/l 6'+uf] nufpg]5. To;kl5 cfjzos ah]6sf nflu cy{ dgqfnodf k]; x'g5. cy{n] sfo{qmd / ah]6 :jls[t u/]kl5 of]hgf cfof]udf k'u5. cfof]un] :jls[lt lbp klg s[lif dgqfnon] dlgqkl/ifb\df kmfon k]; ug]{5. /, dlgqkl/ifb\n] :jls[lt u/]kl5 sfo{qmd nfu" x'g]5. sfd vtd epsf] ;f+;b ofbjn] atfp. sfo{qmddf g]=skf pdfn]sf g]tfx? k e' xh/ f,ls;f]/l s'zjfxf,o'jf g]tf /fdlszf]/ l;+x k/fu,csn]z ;fx,/]l8of] l;d/fsf dgf]h kf}8]n nufotsfn] z'esfdgf JoQm u/]sf] lyp. ;+:yfsf cwoif clgn ltjf/lsf] ;efklttjdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf ;xlhs/0f ;+:yfsf ;b:o /+hg ofbjn] u/]sf lyp. s';'dnfn >]i7 ;Dkfbs k sfzs M b]j]gb r'8fn sfof{no M a'4gu/, sf7df8f}+ kmf]g M $&*)@(%, df]= M (*$!@%$**% Od]n M abhiyan.weekly@yahoo.com d'b 0f M ;'gufef lk lg6ª k ];, afuahf/