sfnldf6l t/sf/l ahf/ leqsf] cg';gwfg /f]lsof]

Transcription

1 s[lif x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu ;fktflxs ;fn df3 # ut] cfotaf/ 1 jif df3 # ut] cfotaf/ ( Jan. 17, 2016 d"no?=!). k'ik Joj;fo k jbg ug] gfddf dgqfnosf] s/f]8f} +?k}of+ ckrng ) of]u]gb k tfk zfxl sf7df8f} +. s[lif ljsf; dgqfnon] x/]s aif ljlegg a:t' tyf afnlx?nfo Joj;flos agfpgsf nflu ljlegg zlifsdf ah]6 5'6\ofpg] ul/psf] b]lvg5. s[lif ljsf; dgqfno dftxtdf ;~rfng epsf ljlegg cfof]hgfx?4f/f pknaw u/fpsf] cg'bfg /sd b'?kof]u x'g] u/]sf] ;dfrf/x? aflx/ cfpg] u/]sf] epklg dgqfnon] g} x/]s aif ah]6 5'6\ofP/ ljt/0f ul/psf] /sddf klg w]/} ckrng epsf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] 5. s[lif ljsf; dgqfnon] x/]s aif of]hgf dxfzfvf dfkmt ah]t tof/lsf cj:yfb]lv g} ljlegg ;+3;+:yfx?nfO g} ah]6 pknaw u/fp+b} cfpsf] b]lvg5. t/, dgqfnon] 5'6\ofPsf] ah]6 s[lifsf] Joj;flos/0f egbf klg ;/sf/l ah]6 sfuhl sfdaf6 g} l;wofpg] k rng a9]sf] 5. s[lif ljsf; dgqfnon] s[lifnfo Jojflos/0f u/fpg] / s[lifdf nufgl a9fpg] pb]zon] lghl If]qnfO cfsif0f ug] gfddf 5'6\ofPsf] ah]6 k fo ckrng x'g] u/]sf] b]lvpsf] 5. s[lif ljsf; sf7df8f}+. ut c+sdf sf] d'vo k[i7df s[lif ljsf; dgqfno t:jl/ dftxtdf M rgb dl0f ;~rfngdf e /fo /x]sf] sfnldf6l kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/l ljsf; ;ldltsf] dftxtdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] ahf/leq ;8s k]6l ;d]t sahf u/]/ dfl;s nfvf}+?k}of+ c;'n]sf] ;dfrf/ k sfzg epsf] lyof]. ;f] ;dfrf/ k sfzg kl5 k]6l sahf u/]/ x6/f agfo ef8f c;'ln/x]sf] ljifodf 5fgljg ug] tof/l epsf] epklg ;f] 5fgljg sfo /f]lspsf] s[lif ljsf; dgqfno ; f]tn] atfpsf] 5. sfnldf6l t/sf/l ahf/leq ;8s k]6l d} 6x/f lgdf0f u/l /fhosf] 9's'6Ldf hfg] /sd JolQmn] c;'nb} cfo/x]sf] epklg ;DjlGwt lgsfon] cf+vf lrldnp/ a;]sf sf/0f aiff}b]lv Ps 5q x}sd rnfpg]x?nfo emg\ ;xh epsf] lyof]. ljz]if u/l ;Qfwf/L Pdfn], Pdfcf]jfbL Pj+ g]kfnl sf+u ]; lgs6 Jofkf/L ;+3;+u7gx? s} sf/0f ;f] If]q sahf ul/b} cfpsf] atfopsf] 5. sfnldf6l t/sf/l ahf/ k j]z4f/af6 g} em'sofof] ls;fgsf nflu sn ;] ]06/n] dgqfnoaf6 pknaw u/fopsf s/f]8f} +sf ah]6 sfd Psflt/ ah]6 csf] lt/ x'g] u/]sf] cf/f]k ;d]t nfu]sf] 5. s[lif ljsf; dgqfnon] k'ik Joj;fo k j4g egb} km\nf]l/snr/ Pzf]l;P;g g]kfnnfo o; aif dfq ;f+9] kf+r s/f]8?k}of+ 5'6\ofPsf] b]lvg5. Ps aifsf nflu 5'6\ofPsf] ;f] /sd s]df slt vr x'g5 egg] s'/f kf/blz x'g eg] ;s]sf] 5}g. ut cflys aifdf Ps s/f]8 xft kfg ;kmn epsf] k'ik Joj;fo ug] x?sf] ;fdflhs ;+:yfsf?kdf /x]sf] ;f] ;+:yfn] ut cflys sfnldf6l t/sf/l ahf/ leqsf] cg';gwfg /f]lsof] sf7df8f}+. s[lifsf ljljw ;d:ofnfo ttsfn ;dfwfg ug]sf nflu s[lif ljsf; dgqfnon] lhnnf lhnnfdf k};f gnfug] lgmz'ns 6]lnkmf]g dfkmt ls;fgx?sf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug] elgpkl5 To;n] tfltjs cy /fvg ;s]sf] 5}g. To:tf 6f]n lk m gdj/ klg sltko lhnnfdf ;~rfngdf klg cfpsf 5}gg\. To:t} lghl If]qaf6 ls;fgsf nflu egb} ls;fg sn ;]06/ :yfkgf ul/psf] epklg clxn] ;f] sn ;]06/ rn]sf] b]lv+b}g. To:tf sn ;]06/n] ls;fgx?sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug] klg b]lvpg\. gfd / pb]zo hlt g} /fd f] jf]s]klg sfofgjogdf gcfpkl5 vf;} s[lif If]qnfO o:tf rrfn] ls;fg em'sofpg] sfd dfq ul//x]sf] efg ls;fgn] g} ul//x]sf b]lvg5g\. ls;fgsf nflu sn ;]06/ z'? u/]/ jffsl k]h & df afl0fho j} +saf6 ;x'lnog s[lif C0f pknaw u/folbg] gfddf ls;fg 7Ub} Ph]06x? sf7df8f}+. s[lif Joj;fonfO cem k efjsf/l agfpg] / s[lif shfdf kf+r k ltztdfq Aofh lng kfpg] Joj:yf ;/sf/n] u/]sf] aiff} ljlt;sof]. t/ w]/} j}+sx?n] ;x'lnot b/sf C0f cem} klg lbo/x]sf 5}gg\. oxl df}sfdf s[lif C0fsf] vf]lhdf /x]sf ls;fgx?nfo lglzrt /sd tf]s]/} kf+r k ltzt Aofhb/df C0f ldnfolbg] egb} Ph]06x? ;lqmo epsf 5g\. l;gw'kfnrf]sdf Joj;flos?kdf a+u'/ kfng Pj+ tyf t/sf/l v]tl ul//x]sf ;"o tfdfënfo kf+r k ltzt Jofhb/df afl0fho j}}+saf6 s[lif C0f ldnfolbg] / ;f] afkt cfk"mx?nfo C0fsf] /sd x]/l %) xhf/ b]lv! nfv;dd lbg' kg] Ph]06x?n] atfpsf] pgn] b'v];f] u/]. Ph]06x?n] cfkm"x?n] j}+ssf prr sdrf/l dfkmt o:tf] sfd u/]sf] / cfkm"x? g} C0f ldnfolbg] cflwsfl/s Ph]06 epsf] ;d]t atfpsf 5g\. tfdfë ;f] s'/f a'em\g l;+xb/af/ l:yt afl0fho j}+sdf k'ubf ;DjlGwt JolQm e]6\g g;s]sf] u'gf;f] ub} afl0fho j}+sn] s[lif C0f pknaw u/fpg] gfddf sldzgs} jffsl k]h & df jffsl k]h & df aifdf u/]sf] pknawl sfuhdf dfq l;ldt u/]sf] 5. ut cflys aifdf Ps s/f]8?k}of+ kfpsf] km\nf]l/snr/ Pzf]l;P;gnfO of] cflys aifdf s] sf/0fn] ;f+9] kf+r s/f]8?k}of+ ljlgof]hg ul/of] egg] ljifodf dgqfnosf ;DjlGwt clwsf/lx? af]ng rfx+b}gg\. km\nf]l/snr/ Pzf]l;P;g g]kfnsf cwoif nf]sgfy u}/]nfo o; ljifodf ;Dks ubf pgn] klg cfkm";+u ;Dk"0f 8f6f gx'g] atfp. s'g zlifsdf slt /sd vr x'g] s'/f egg g;lsg] ts pgn] u/]sf 5g\. pgs} cg';f/ ;f] ;+:yfsf] ;lrjfnodf utaif s[lif ljsf; dgqfnoaf6 kfpsf] Ps s/f]8?k}of+n] k'ik Joj;fodf u/]sf] pknlaw dfu ubf ;f] pknaw x'g ;s]g. ut aifs} Ps s/f]8?k}of+ ckrng epsf] cfz+sf eo/x]sf a]nf clxn] km]l/ km\nf]l/snr/ Pzf]l;P;g g]kfnn] rfn' cfjdf 5'6\ofPsf] kf+r s/f]8 krf; nfv?k}of+ dwo] cfwf /sd s/f]8 &% nfv e'qmfglsf nflu s[lif ljsf; dgqfnodf lgj]bg lbopsf] / ;f] e'qmfglsf nflu sfjfxl eo/x]sf] ; f]tn] bfjl u/]sf] 5. s[lifsf kl/of]hgf efua08fdf ljjfb sf7df8f}+. s[lif ljsf; dgqfno km'6fp/ kz'k+ifl ljsf; dgqfno u7g u/]klg kz'k+ifl ljsf; dgqfnon] cem} s] ug] xf] egg] s'/fsf] 6'Ëf] nfug ;s]sf] 5}g. dgqfno km'6] nut} kz' ;]jf ljefu dftxtsf] sfox? ;f] dgqfnon] ub} cfo/x]sf] epklg cgo sfo eg] s[lif ljsf; dgqfno s} dftxtdf /x]sf] 5. ljeflht kz'k+ifl ljsf; dgqfnodf sdrf/lb]lv >f]t ;fwgsf] ;d]t cefj v6\lspsf] b]lvg5. dgqfnonfo cfjzos kg] ;x;lrjx? cem} klg 6'Ëf] nufpg ;lspsf] 5}g. dgqfno rnfpgsf nflu k d'v bflotj af]s]sf] k zf;g dxfzfvfsf nflu ;x;lrj gx' +bf s[lif ljsf; dgqfnosf ;x;lrj sfzl/fh bfxfnn] g} b'j} dgqfnosf] k zf;gsf] lhdd]jf/l ;DxfNg' k/]sf] 5. ;j}egbf dxtjk"0f s'/f s] 5 eg] s[lif ljsf; dgqfnodfq /x+bf Ps bhg cfof]hgf ;~rfngdf /x]sf lyp / xfn klg ;~rfngdf g} 5g\. t/ cj dgqfno af+8kmf+8 kl5 s'g cfof]hgf s'g dgqfno leq kfg] egg] ljjfb z'? eo;s]sf] 5. ljutdf ;~rfng epsf lxdfnl cfof]hgf afx]s ;Dk"0f dgqfno s[lif ljsf; dgqfno dftxtdf lyof]. KofS6, s[lif tyf vfb ;'/Iff cfof]hgf, ls;fgsf nflu alp ljhg sfoqm, ;fgf tyf demf}nf s[ifs hljg:t/ ;'wf/ cfof]hgf, prr d"no s[lif a:t' ljsf; cfof]hgf nufotsf 7"nf cfof]hgf s'g dgqfno dftxtdf /fvg] egg] ljjfb dgqfnodf /x]sf] atfopsf] 5. dgqfno ljefhg kl5 cj s[lif ljsf; dgqfno / kz' k+ifl ljsf; dgqfnodf cfof]hgf af+8kmf+8df 7"nf] ;d:of x'g] ;Defjgf ;d]t b]lvpsf] 5.

2 ;fn df3 # ut] cfotaf/ 2 s'g j} +sn] lbg] kf+r k ltzt Aofhb/df s[lif C0f < ls;fgx?nfo ;x'lnot b/df C0f k jfx ug] ;/sf/sf] lg0fo epsf] epklg xfnsf lbg;dd ls;fgx?n] eg] h:tf] s[lifdf ;x'lnot C0f kfpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\. kf+r k ltzt Aofh b/df Joj;flos s[lif ugsf nflu C0f k jfx ug /fi6«j} +sn] lbpsf] lgb] zg s]jn sfuhdf dfq l;ldt epsf] b]lvg5. ;/sf/l Pj+ lghl If]qaf6 ;~rfngdf cfpsf b'o bhgegbf a9l s ausf a}+sn] ;d]t ;x'lnot C0f lbgsf nflu cem} klg cfgfsfgl ul//x]sf b]lvg5. ;x'lnot C0f k jfxsf gfddf ls;fgx?nfo cfzjf;g dfq lbg] ;/sf/l lg0fosf sf/0f g]kfnl s[lif If]qn] ;f]r] cg'?k k ltkmn lbg ;s]sf] 5}g. s[lif C0f k jfx ugsf nflu s]xl s8fosf ;fy gnfug] xf] eg] s[lif C0f s]jn sfunfo a]n kfsof] xif g ljidft eg] h:t} x'g] b]lvg5. s[lif Joj;fo k j4g ugsf nflu kf+r k ltzt Aofhb/sf s[lif C0f pknaw u/fpg] elgpsf] epklg s'g s'g j} +sn] slt slt C0f k jfx u/] egg] ;fjhlg cem} klg ug ;s]sf 5}gg\. Psfw j} +sx?n] afx]s clwsf+z j} +sx?n] ;x'lnot s[lif C0f k jfx ug g} dfgb}gg\. t/ w]/}n] s[lif shfsf gfddf!& k ltzt;dd Aofh c;'ln/x]sf b]lvg5g\. ls;fgx?n] cfkm\gf] 3/hUuf lwtf] /fv]/!& k ltzt;dd Aofh lt/]/ s[lif Joj;fo ug' k/]sf] 5.!& k ltzt Aofhb/df C0f vf]h]/ s[lif Joj;fo ul//x]sf ltg} ls;fgx?sf kmfd b]vfp/ oltv]/ g]kfnsf] s[lifn] Joj;flostfsf] km8\sf] df/]sf] em"7f] k rf/ k ;f/ ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox? nflu/x]sf 5g\. ;/sf/n] ls;fgx?nfo jf:tjd} ;x'lnot?kdf C0f k jfx ug] / kf+r k ltztdf g} ls;fgx?n] C0f kfpg] xf] eg] To;sf nflu ;/sf/l dftxtdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] a} +sx?af6 of] sfo yfngl ug lsg ;Sb}g ;/sf/ < lsg ls;fg jf s[lif Joj;fodf nfu]sf JolQmx?nfO em'7f] cfzjf;gdf /flv/x]sf] 5. s[lif ljsf; a} +s Joj;flos j} +ssf?kdf :yflkt epsf] epklg s[lif C0f k jfx ug] /fi6«j} +sn] lsg s8fo ug ;s]sf] 5}g\. cflv/ ;/sf/n] pknaw u/fpg] ;x'lnot s[lif C0fsf] Jofhdf lbg] cg'bfg ;/sf/l j} +snfo g} lbp/ u fld0f If]q;Dd ;~hfn epsf ;/sf/l j} +sx?nfo lsg kl/rfng ug ;s]sf] 5}g\. /fhwfgl / ;b/d'sfd s]lgb t lghl j} +sx?;+u} 7"nf] ;~hfn epsf ;/sf/l j} +sx?n] clgjfo?kdf kf+r k ltzt Aofhb/df s[lif C0f pknaw u/fo clgjfo /fi6«j}sdf x/]s dlxgf k ltj]bg k]z ug' kg] u/l lgod Nofpg ;Sg' kb5. clg dfq kmnbfol xf]nf. cfkm\g} ;"rgf g]kfnsf] klxnf] sf sf kdf k sflzt df tkfo sf If]qdf ep u/]sf s[lif If]q; u ;DalGwt ;"rgf ;dfrf/ jf n]v /rgfx 5g\ eg] xfdlnfo lalxaf/leq k7fpg'x'g cg'/f]w ul/g5. ;Dks, afuahf/ Od]n M sajnepal@gmail.com web: ;x'lnot Aofhb/df s[lif shf,ylgsof] /sd ) /fhf/fd sfsl $% jif ggf3]sf o'jfn] ;d]t cj;/ k fkt ug] pnn]v 5. j}zfv!@ ut]sf] e"sdk / To;kl5 nuftf/sf] k/sdkaf6 ut k'; d;fgt;dd ljb]z knfog x'g] o'jfsf] ;ª\Vof #@ nfv k'u]sf] j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefusf] tyofª\sdf pnn]v 5. s[lif ljsf; dgqfnosf ;x;lrj 8f ;'/h kf]v/]nsf cg';f/ ul/vfg] o'jfn] yftynf] 5f8\g} k5 egg] 5}g, ljb]zdf ug] >d, ;Lk / hffu/ s[lif If]qdf k bzg ug] xf] ;dgjo tyf cg'udg ug /fi6«s] jif k'ug' eof] < olb To;f] xf] eg] ljb]z hfg] rfxgfnfo yftl /fvg'xf];\, lsgls :jb]zd} a;l s[lif pbd ug] rfxgf lnpsf o'jfnfo nio u/l ;/sf/n] Go"g Aofhdf shf k jfx u/]sf] 5. ;/sf/n] o'jfnfo nio u/l o; jifb]lv Aofh cg'bfgdf? Ps casf] ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5. g]kfn /fi6«a}+ssf ueg/ 8f lr/~hljl g]kfnn] s[lifdf nufgl ug OR5's o'jfn] shf gkfpg'epsf] ep l;w} /fi6" a}+sdf ;Dks ug cfxjfg u/]sf 5g\. pgn] Aofh cg'bfgsf] sfoljlw cg';f/ s[lif shf k jfx ug tf]lspsf a}+s tyf ljqlo ;+:yfn] o'jfnfo Joj;flos s[lif shfdf C0f k jfx ug cfn6fn u/]sf] ;dfrf/ ljlegg ;~rf/dfwodn] k rf/k ;f/ u/]kl5 pqm egfo JoQm u/]sf x'g\. Joj:yflksf ;+;b\, hn>f]t tyf s[lif ;ldltsf ;efklt uugs'df/ yfkf /fi6«a}+ssf] lgod cg';f/ s'g} klg a}+sn] cfkm\gf] nufglsf]!) k ltzt shf s[lif If]qdf nufgl ug'kg] gllt ep klg a}+sn] To;f] gu/]sf] atfp. ;/sf/n] ut kmfu'g!) ut]b]lv ljb]z knfog x'gaf6 /f]sg o'jfnfo :jb]zdf /f]huf/ lbg] p2]zon] Aofh cg'bfg;dagwl sfoljlw nfu" u/]sf] 5. kl5nnf] k6s k fom c sf] axsfpdf ljb]z hfg] o'jfnfo :jb]zdf cj;/ lbg] clek foaf6 nfu'epsf] Aofh cg'bfg;dagwl sfoljlwdf dxfljgfzsf/l e"sdk upsf] s/lj bz dlxgf ljtg nfubf e"sdk kll8t ls;fgx?sf nflu () k ltzt cg'bfgdf aldf ;lxtsf] h;l ufo ljt/0f ug] s'/fn] h;/l rrf kfpsf] 5. To;}u/L cg'bfgaf6 kfog] ufoaf/] cg';gwfg x'g' klg cfjzos x'g5 xf]nf. e"sdk nut} ls;fgx? wfg v]tl ug] r6f/f]sf sf/0f wfgsf] alp gkfp/ 56\kl6Psf a]nf ljlegg u}/;/sf/l ;+:yfx?n] wfgsf] alp ljt/0f ug] gfddf rfdn s'6\g tof/l kfl/psf wfgsf af]/fnfo wfgsf] alpdf kl/0ft ul/lbpsf] b[i6fgt xfdl dfem ce}m klg tfh} 5. o;n] s] b]vfp+5 eg] e"sdk kll8t ls;fgx?nfo /fxt lbg] gfddf k]ml/ rrf a6'ng ;kmn epsf] sf]/nl ufo s] ls;fgx?n] kfpnfg\ g< sltko e"sdk kll8tn] cem};dd klg ;/sf/n] lbpsf] /fxt t kfpsf 5}gg\ eg]!) xhf/ egbf a9lsf] ;+Vofdf 7"nf kz' a:t'sf] d[to' epsf] 5. s] sf cfwf/df () k ltztsf] cg'bfgdf ufoljt/0f ug] xf] egg] cgof}ntf cfpg' :jefljs} xf]. ttsflng s[lif ljsf; dgqfnosf] tyof+s x]g] xf] eg] klg!) xhf/ egbf a9l 7"nf kz' a:t'sf] d[to' epsf] ;/sf/n] o'jfnfo nio u/l o; jifb]lv Aofh cg'bfgdf? Ps casf] ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5. g]kfn /fi6«a}+ssf ueg/ 8f lr/~hljl g]kfnn] s[lifdf nufgl ug OR5's o'jfn] shf gkfpg'epsf] ep l;w} /fi6«a}+sdf ;Dks ug cfxjfg u/]sf 5g\. eg] ljb]zdf hlt :jb]zdf sdfpg ;lsg] atfp. s[lifdf cfw'lgsls/0f ljljwls/0f / Jofj;flosLs/0f u/l /fli6«o cytgqdf 6]jf k' ofpg] nion] ;/sf/n]] )&@ sf] ah]6 jqmjo dfkmt o'jfnfo ljb]z knfog x'gaf6 /f]sg s[lifdf nufgl a9fpsf] xf]. s[lif C0fdf k bfg ul/g] Aofh cg'bfg;dagwl sfosf] a}+ssf 8]k'6L ueg/sf] ;+of]hstjdf ul7t ;ldltdf cy / s[lif dgqfnosf ;x;lrj, g]kfn a}+s; P;f]l;P;gsf cwoif / /fi6«a}+ssf sfosf/l lgb]zs ;b:o ;lrj /x]sf 5g\. Aofh cg'bfg;dagwl n] dxfgu/kflnsfsf] sfoif]q afx]s u fdl0f If]qdf s[lif shf nufgl ug ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5. C0fLn] v]tlof]uo hldg lwtf] /fvg ;Sg] tyf? Psb]lv tlg s/f]8;dd shf lng / e'qmfglsf nflu sdtldf tlg dlxgf / a9ldf kf+r jif;ddsf] ;Ldf lgwf/0f ul/psf] 5. :jb]zdf a]/f]huf/l / u fdl0f If]qaf6 o'jf knfog x'g] ;d:ofnfo ;Daf]wg ug / ltgnfo s[lifdf cfslift ug Jofj;flos t/sf/l v]tl, kz'kiflkfng, h8la'6l, t/sf/l / kmnkm"n v]tl, b'uw Joj;fo, dt:okfng Rofpv]tL, s[lif e08f/0f, zlt e08f/0f, kz'awzfnf, pv', cn}frl, cb'jf, e08f/0f tyf k zf]wg df}/lkfng, hf}, kmfk/, l;nfd Pjd\ df;'hgo tyf Joj;fosf nflu ;/sf/n] Jofj;flos ls;fgnfo 5 k ltzt Aofhdf shf k jfx ug] / ;f]sf nflu $ k ltzt cg'bfg lbg] Joj:yf ldnfpsf] 5. ;/sf/n] Aofh cg'bfgsf nflu ljlgof]hg u/]sf]? Ps cadwo] xfn;dd sl/a? Ps s/f]8 dfq vr u/]sf] 5. o; tyoaf6 s[lifdf cem} klg o'jf hdft cfslift x'g g;s]sf] ;ª\s]t u5. kfpnfg\ e"sdk kll8tn] cg'bfgdf ufo < ) lxdf kf}8]n -:j:tl_ 5. To;f] ep xfnsf] kz' k+ifl ljsf; dgqfnon]!) xhf/ kz'a:t' d[to' epsf]x?nfo dfq cg'bfgdf ufo lbg] xf] sl e"sdk kll8tx? ;j}nfo lbg] xf] egg] s'/fsf] lgsof}n gu/l rrf ug' st} j]sf/ t x'g] xf]og. e"sdk kll8tx?nfo cg'bfgdf ufo ljt/0f ug' ctogt} plrt xf]nf. lsgsl ;f]xl ufokfngaf6 lhjlsf] kfhgsf nflu dxtjk"0f e"ldsf ufon] x'g ;S5 klg. t/ slt / s;nfolbg] egg] s'/f klg ttsfn cfpg' cfjzos 5. csf] dxtjk"0f s'/f s] xf] eg] ufo cg'bfgdf lbp;+j} ufosf] nflu uf]7sf] Joj:yf e"sdk kll8tn] ug ;Sg] cj:yf 5 ls 5}g egg] tkm ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf] Wofg hfg' cfjzos 5. ;:tf] nf]slk otfsf nflu sfoqmd Nofpg' egbf klg NofPsf] sfoqmd sfofgjog u/l pknlaw xfl;n ug tkm Wofg lbg' klg plqs} h?/l 5. oltv]/ k'glgdf0f k flws/0fn] sf z'? ;d]t ug g;s]s]f cj:yfdf 3/af/ ljlxg ls;fgx?n] cg'bfgdf k fktf ufosf] Joj:yfkg / To;sf nflu cfjzos kf}li6s ttj jf r/g bfgfsf] Joj:yf ug ;S5g\ egg] s'/f 7"nf] r'gf}tlsf?kdf cfpsf 5. () k ltzt cg'bfgsf ls;fgx?nfo ufo ljt/0f ug] elgpklg!) k ltzt /sd oltv]/ ls;fg;+u xf]nf ls gxf]nf < ls h;sf] zlqm p;sf] elqm x'g] xf] ufo cg'bfgdf klg < ;f]rg] a]nf cfpsf] 5.

3 s[lif ;fktflxs afnl gfnl M!= ds} -lxpb]_ jfnl M ) ds} /f]k]sf] $) $% lbg kl5 l;+rfo shl o'l/of dn k lt s fsf b/n] 6k8]«; ug' pko'qm ux' ) cfufdl xktf kfgl kg] ;Defjgf Go"g /x]sf] / ux'+ v]tdf lr:ofgsf] dfqf sd x'b}+ upsf]n] lbgkl5 klxnf] l;+rfo ug'kb5. ) ux'+ nufpsf] #) #% lbg k'u]kl5 emf/kft lgogq0fsf] nflu ;Nkmf];Nkm/fg -qmf];, ln8/_ gfds ## u fd emf/gf;s ljiffbl $)) ln6/ kfgldf ld;fo k lt x]s6/ :k ] ubf k fo M emf/x? lgogq0f ug ;lsg5. :k ] ubf km\n]6 km]g gf]hnaf6 emf/ k'/} lehg] u/l 5g'kb5. ) klxnf] l;+rfo # lbgkl5 # s]=hl o'l/of dn k lt s fsf] b/n] 6k8]«; ug' kb5. # tf]/l M ) #) $) k ltzt sf];fx? v}/f] kx]+nf] /ª\usf] epkl5 tf]/ljfnlsf] s6fgl u/l *!) lbg;dd ;'sfpg] clg r'6\g], s]nfpg] / ;kmf ug]. To;kl5 bfgfdf *!) k ltzt;dd lr:ofg gcfp~h]n ;'sfpg] / ;'Vvf 7fp+df e08f/0f ug]. $= d';'/f] M ) kfgl gk/]sf] x'gfn] df6f]df lr:ofg sd eo ;'Vvf x'g] x'+bf d';'/f] nufpsf] $) %) lbgdf xnsf l;+rfo lbg' pko'qm x'g5. )af]6 cf]onfpg] /f]usf] /f]syfdsf] u fd j]leli6g jf 8]/f];fn-sfj]G8flhd_ k lt ln6/ kfgldf 3f]n]/ c/x/sf] af]6 lehg] u/l 5sg' pko'qm x'g5. %= c/x/ M ) sf];fdf nfug] ujf/f] -k8 af]//_ sl/f Joj:yfkgsf] nflu!) u fd e]nl k lt ln6/ kfgldf ld;fo agfpsf] 3f]ndf HaNPV -x]nl LE sf]!=% ldln xfn]/ ;f+emfsf] ;dodf :k ] ug'kb5 jf Jofs6]l/ of hgo -al=6l_ Bt -8fO k]n, afof] n]k_ # u fd k lt ln6/ kfgldf ld;fp/ ;f+emfsf] ;dodf :k ] ug'kb5. jf Snf]/fg6«flglnk f]n -sf]/fh]g_!*=% O;L )=$ ldln k lt ln6/ kfgldf ld;foaf]6 lehg] u/l :k ] ug'kb5. ^ kmnkm"n afnl ) Joj;flos?kdf cf+k, lnrl,sfutl, c+u'/, cdjf v]tl ug' epsf s[ifsx?n] cfjzostf cg';f/ sf+65f+6 ug' /fd f] x'g5. ) sf+65f+6 ul/psf xf+ufx?sf] 3fpdf!)Üaf]8f] k]i6 nufpg' kb5. ) x/]s lj?jfsf] d"n sf08df ;]dl hlt dfly;dd!)ü af]8f] k]i6 nufpg] pko'qm ;do oxl xf]. ) ;j} hftsf kmnkm"ndf ;j} k sf/sf k f+ufl/s tyf /f;folgs dnvftsf] l;kmfl/; dfq lbg] pko'qm ;od oxl xf]. ) dnvfbdf d"n sf08af6 sdtldf lkm6 6f9f x'g] u/l s'n];f] agfo /fvl df6f]n] k'/l l;+rfo ug' kb5. ) l;+rfosf] ;'ljwf gepsf s[ifsx?n] dnvfb /fvl ;s]kl5 v/, k/fn, kft, kltª\u/, ;'s]sf] a:t'x?sf] 5fk f] lbg' pko'qm x'g5. ) cfufdl xktf klg lr;f] oyfjt\ /xg] tyf x':;' klg nflu/xg] x'+bf o;} aif sfutl v]tl z'? ug' epsf s[ifsx?n] sfutlsf kft / slnnf d'gfnfo t';f/f]af6 hf]ufpg af+;sf] ef6fnfo pn6f] c+u ]hl -V_ cfsf/df uf8]/ k/fnn] 5f]Kg' kb5. ) cf+kdf cfkfsf] ljs[lt /f]u - Dofª\uf] dfnkmd];g_ b]lvpsf 5g\ eg] /f]ul slnnf xf+ufx? sf65f+6 u/]/ hnfpg' kb5. ;fy}! u fd Pg P P -GofKyflng Pl;l6s Pl;8_ k lt ln6/ kfgldf 3f]nL af]6sf] kft lehg] u/l 5g' kb5. cgoyf ;"osf] ls/0fn] xdf] gsf] c;/ lg:t]h ul/lbg5. ) s]/f v]tl ug' epsf s[ifsx?n] s]/fnfo lr;f]af6 x'g] Iflt sd lbgsf] km/sdf xnsf l;+rfo ug' pko'qm x'g5. & cfn' M 89'jf /f]usf] Joj:yfkg M of] /f]usf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu cg's"n jftfj/0f /lx/x]df d]gsf]h]j o'qm s'g} klg ljiffbl -808f]lkmn Pd $% 8fOy]g Pd$% u Fd k lt ln6/ kfgldf 3f]n]/ k lt s f #) ln6/sf] b/n] af]6sf] ;Dk"0f efu lehg] u/l & lbgsf] cgt/df $ ^ k6s 5g' kb5. jf 8fOd]yf]dkm -Ps f]a]6_ jf km]gfld8g tyf d]gsf]h]j o'qm ldl>t -;]ls6g_!=% u fd k lt ln6/ kfglsf b/n]!) lbgsf] cgt/df # $ k6s 5g' pko'qm x'g5. c+u'/ s[lif ;Nnfx ls;fgx?sf nflu hfgsf/l ) c+u'/ v]tl ug' epsf ls;fgx?n] o;} ;dodf c+u'/sf] sf+65f+6 ug' kb5. ) xf+ufsf] cfwf hlt efunfo sf6]/ kmfng' kb5. Pp6f xf+ufdf Psb]lv b'oj6f d'gf afn'jf knfpg / jf+sl d'gf kfn'jf knfpg / jf+sl d'gf kmn nfugsf] nflu /fvg'kb5. sf6]sf] sf6]sf] 7fp+df!) af]8f] k]i6 nufpg' kb5. ) ;fdfgotof c+u ]hl jfo cfsf/sf] b'oj6f d"n xf+ufsf] ljsf; x'g] u/l tflnd lb+bf c+u'/sf] ptkfbg /fd f] x'g5. ) c+u'/df sd km"ng] / sd kmn nfug] ;d:of epdf al9 kmn nfug] u/fpg km]b xf+ufsf] jl/kl/ af]qmf )=# )=% ;]=dl rf}8f l/ë x'g] u/l x6fpg, km"n km'ng] tyf a9l kmn nfub5. ) c+u'/df dnvfb /fvg] pko'qm ;do oxl xf]. c+u'/sf] af]6sf] pd]/ cg';f/ l;kmfl/; ul/psf] /f;folgs dnvfbsf] ;fy} #) $) s]hl k lt af]6 kfs]sf] uf]j/ dn af]6sf] jl/kl/ /fvg' kb5. dnvfb /fv]kl5 l;+rfo ug' kb5. t/sf/l afnlx? M uf]ne] +8fsf] 89'jf M o;sf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu 89'jf k sf]k cf+sng ug lkmn8 lgl/if0f ug' kb5. olb sd 89'jf k sf]k sd 5 eg] d]gsf]h]j &%Ü u fd k lt ln6/ kfgldf 3f]n]/ :k ] ug]. olb 89'jfsf] k sf]k a9l g} 5 eg] ls nfls;n Pd=h]8 &@Ü k ltzt 8An' kl=sf] u fd k lt ln6/ kfgldf 3f]n]/ :k ] ug]. ) sfpnl, agbf nufpsf] $% %) lbg eo;s]sf] epdf &!) u fd o"l/of -! rdrf_ af]6sf] jl/kl/ 3]/f agfo /fvl k'g' kb5. bf]; f] 6k8«]; ul/;s]kl5 l;+rfo u'g kb5. ) lxp+b] t/sf/l afnlsf] h/f s'lxg] /f]usf] Joj:yfkg ug sfjf]g8folhd-a]leli6g_%)ü 8An' lk=sf]! u fd k lt ln6/ kfgldf 3f]nL :k ]o/af6 af]6 km]blehg] u/l 5g' kb5. ) v';fglsf] kmn nflu;s]sf] cj:yfdf kft tyf kmndf nfug] yf]kn] /f]u -;sf:kf]/f / PGy fsgf]h /f]u_ nfug ;Sg] x'gfn] a]leli6g %)Ü 8An'= u fd k lt ln6/ kfgldf 3f]nL kft tyf kmn lehg] u/l 5g' kb5. ) a];f/ afnl lng huufnfo xnf] tyf sf]bfnf]sf] ;xfotfn] vghf]t u/l a];f/sf kfgfx?nfo l6kl ;kmf ug' kb5. o;af6 gof+ / k'/fgf kfgfx? 5'6\ofpg' kb5. ) 5'6\ofOPsf kfgfx?nfo tfdf jf df6f]sf] ef8fdf kfgln] 8'Ag] u/l /fvl pdfng], ;fdfgotof $) ^) ldg]6 pdfn]kl5 ;]tf] afkm / ljz]if lsl;dsf] ugw cfp+5. ;fy} g/d epkl5 kfglaf6 lgsfng' kb5. ) o;nfo 3fddf!)!% lbg;dd pn6fo kn6fo u/l Ps gf;n] ;'sfpg' kb5. o;/l ;'sfopsf] a];f/ ef+rbf 3ft'sf] h:tf] cfjfh cfpg' kb5. o;kl5 o;nfo ahf/df kfgf jf w'nf] agfp/ a]rg ;lsg5. cgo ) ;fk]lifs cfb tf 36a9 eo/xg] x'gfn] 3/df e08f/0f ul/psf] vfbfgg tyf alpnfo /f]u tyf ;fn df3 # ut] cfotaf/ # arfpg ;do ;dodf x]/rf ug' pko'qm x'g5. ) v]taf/ldf b]lvg] ;j} sl/fx? xflgsf/s x+'b}gg\. t;y sl/f b]lvg] ljlqs} ljiffblsf] k of]u gu/f}+. ldqhlj sl/fx? h:t} dfs'/f, ufog] sl/f, ;ft yf]kn], vk6] sl/f, af?nf, gd:g] sl/f- k ]O8\u d]g6l8_ b]lvpdf ltglx?sf] ;+/If0f / ;+a4g u/f}+. ) df}/l 3f/df /f]u, ;'n;'n] / /fg' ep gepsf] lgoldt cjnf]sg ug' kb 5. lr;f] a9\g] qmd hf/l epsf]n] df}/l 3f/nfO rf/}lt/af6 Knfli6sn] a]/]/ /fvg' kb5. afnl ;+/If0f!= nfxl -PkmL8_ M )! efu ufosf] ux' t / $ efu kfgl ld;fo /fte/l /fv]/ nfxl nfu]sf] 7fp df lehg] u/l ef]nlkn6 cg's"n df};ddf 5sg' /fd f] x'g5. ) dfnflyog %) ld=ln= k lt ln6/sf] b/n] kfgldf ld;fo nfxl nfu]sf] 7fpFdf lehg] u/l cg's"n d};ddf 5sg' pko'qm x'g5. ) gof kfn'jfdf nfxl, lnkm dfog/, ;'n;'n] nfug] epdf ;jo jf P6\;f] t]n!% ld=ln= k lt ln6/ kfgldf ld;fo!% lbgsf] km/sdf 5g' pko'qm x'g5. 3_ kz'kfng M ) s'v'/fdf ljkm/ /f]u nfug glbg ^ b]lv * xktfsf s'v'/fnfo kv]6fsf] leql efudf tof/ kf/]sf] vf]kdf rf]jn]/ l;of]n] # $ k6s vf]k lbg' kb5. ) s'v'/fsf] l;=cf/=l8 lgdf]lgofsf] nflu 6fOnf]lg 6f6f/]6 gfds cf}ifwl e]6]l/gl/og cg'ejl k fljlwssf] ;Nnfxdf ;kmf kfgldf 3'n]/ $ % lbg;dd vfg lbg' kb5. ) ufoe} +;L tyf e]8f afv fx?nfo cfgtl/s k/hljlx? -gfdn], lkmq], uf]nf] h'sfx? tyf ss;l8lcf]l;;\_ n] cfqmfgt kf/l 5]g] qmd g/f]lspdf glhssf] kz' ;]jf s]gb jf lhnnf kz' ;]jf sfofno jf lghl?kdf ;~rflnt e]6]l/g/l lsnlgsdf uf]j/ kl/if0f u/l k fljlws ;Nnfx adf]lhd cls;snf]hfgfo8, cna] +8fhf]n, lnjfldhf]n jf PDk f]lnod h:tf cf}ifwlx? hgfj/sf] zf/ll/s tf}n cg';f/ v'jfpg pko'qm x'g5. ) lk=lk= cf/ /f]u nfug glbg # dlxgfegbf dflysf e]8f afv fdf ;f] /f]u lj?4sf] EoflS;g nufpg' pko'qm x'g5. ) afv fsf] df]cf]nfsf] nflu %Ü kf]ell8g cfof]l8g jf!ü sk/ ;Nkm]6 af]l/s Pl;8sf] emf]n jf!ükf]6f;sf] 3f]nn] d'v ;kmf ug' pko'qm x'g5. df]cf]nfsf] efo/; 3fp, rf]6k6s nfu]sf] jf sf6]sf] 7fp af6 dflg;df ;g uo To:t} k sf/sf] 3fp vl6/f cfpg ;Sg] x'gfn] To:tf] /f]ul afv fnfo 3fp rf]6k6s gnfu]sf] jf sf6]sf] 7fp af6 dfl;gdf ;g uo To:t} k sf/sf] 3fp vl6/f cfpg ;Sg] x'gfn] To:tf] /f]ul afv fnfo 3fp rf]6k6s gnfu]sf] dfg5] jf kghf nufp/ :ofxf/ ;';f/ ug' kb5. ) ufo e}+;l tyf ;'+u'/x?df vf]/]t /f]u nfug glbg kz' ;]jf sfofnosf] ;dgjodf ;f] /f]u lj?4sf] EoflS;g ^ ^ dlxgfdf nufpg' pko'qm x'g5. ) df5f kf]v/ldf 3'lnt cls;hgsf] dfqf a9fpg xfjf ogq -P/]6/_ sf] k of]u ug]. ) df5f kf]v/ldf tfkqmd 36\g] qmd /x]sf]n] e"ldut kfgl -af]l/ë jf 6\o'j j]n_ n] kf]v/lsf] kfglnfo lj:yflkt ug' pko'qm x'g5 ;fy} df5fnfo w]/} grnfpg pko'qm x'g5. 3f+;]afnL M ) 5/]sf] #) $) lbgdf h} al;d 3f+;df!=@ s]hl o'l/of k lt s fsf] b/n] 6k 8]«l;ª u/l l;+rfo ug' pko'qm x'g5. ;fy} h} 3f+;sf] k To]s s6fo kzrft o'l/of 6k 8] «l;ª u/l l;+rfo ug' pko'qm x'g5. s]/f v]tlk lt s[ifs cfslift dxf]q/l. Dfxf]Q/Lsf] pq/l e]usf ls;fg /f]j]:6«fú gfds pggt hftsf] s]/fsf] Jofj;flos v]tltkm cfslift x'g yfn]sf 5g\. sd huuffdf clws ptkfbg lng ;lsg] /f]j]:6«f hftsf] s]/f v]tlaf6 oxffsf ls;fgn] dfl;s xhf/f}+?k}of+ cfdbfgl ug ;kmn epsf 5g\. ;fgf]?v, w]/} xftf nfug], 7"nf] 3/L / :jflbi6 kmn nfug] epsfn] cfkm"x n] /f]j]:6«f hftsf s]/fsf] af]6 nufpsf] eª\ufxfsf o'jf ls;fg ;Togf/fo0f ofbjn] atfpsf 5g\. Ps lj3fdf s]/f v]tl ub} cfpsf ofbjn] kl5nnf] tlg jifdf a;]lg? Ps nfvegbf a9l cfdbfgl ug ;kmn epsf 5g\. xf]rf] af]6 epsf] x'+bf of] s]/f ;fdfgo xfjfx'/l rnbf;d]t 9Ng] ;Defjgf sd x'g] epsf sf/0f klg /f]j]:6«f ls;fgsf] /f]hfodf k/]sf] xf]. 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4 ;fn df3 # ut] cfotaf/ 4 ;'Gtnf laqmlaf6 b]pk'/df Ps s/f]8 lelqof] kjt. lhnnfsf] b]pk'/ uflj;sf s[ifsn] ;'Gtnf laqml u/]/ jflifs? Ps s/f]8 /sd ufpf leqøfpg] u/]sf 5g\. bzsb]lv kjtsf] b]pk'/ uflj;df ul/psf] Joj;flos ;'Gtnf v]tlaf6 oxf+sf s[ifsn] jflifs s/f]8f}+?k}of leqøfpg] u/]sf x'g\. k/dk/fut?kdf sf]bf] / ds} nufpg] u/]sf oxffsf s[ifsn] Jofj;flos?kdf ;'Gtnf v]tl u/]kl5 pglx sf] hljg:t/df ;d]t Jofks kl/jtg cfpsf] 5. oxf sf sl/a $)) s[ifs ;'Gtnf v]tl u/]/ cftdlge/ eo/x]sf5g\. b]pk'/df ;'Gtnfsf] ;DefJotf prr epsfn] ljutb]lv g} ;'Gtnf v]tlnfo Joj;flos?kdf ;'? u/]sf] s[ifs bftf/fd rfkfufo+n] atfp. ;'?df sf]bf] ds} dfq nufp/ a:g] u/]sf] 7fp df ;'Gtnf nufpkl5 jflifs?kdf? tlg nfv;dd sdfo x'g yfn]sf] rfkfufo+sf] egfo 5. æds} sf]bf] xhf/ sdfo gx'g] 7fpFdf ;'Gtnf nufpfbf? tlg nfv sdfo x'g5æ pgn] eg], æclxn] b]pk'/sf ;a} 3/ sf s[ifsn] Ps nfvegbf a9l sdfp5g\.æ ;'?df s]xl s[ifsn] k/lif0fsf nflu ;'Gtnfsf] la?jf /f]k]sf / /fd f] ptkfbg x'g yfn]kl5 Joj;flos v]tl ul/psf] pglx sf] egfo 5. s[ifsn] ;'Gtnf v]tl;fu} skml / cb'jf v]tl;d]t u/]/ vfnl huufsf] pkof]u ug] u/]sf 5g\. ;'Gtnfaf6 jifdf Psk6s dfq sdfo x'g] / cgo afnl;d]t ;Fu} nufpfbf jifel/ g} cfdbfgl x'g] u/]sf] s[ifsx atfp5g\. ;'Gtnf; u} nufopsf] cb'jfaf6 jflifs? Psb]lv tlg nfv;dd sdfo x'g] u/]sf] 5. :yfglo s[ifs t/sf/l ahf/df t?nsf] Jofkf/ a9\bf] sf7df8f}+. df3] ;+qmflgt t?n / l3p rfs'sf] kjsf?kdf lng] ul/g5. of] ljz]if kjdf?kdf dgfpg]x?s} sf/0f kl5nnf] ;dodf k';df kfso], df3df hfso]ú egg] ljutdf rn]sf plqmn] klg k efj kf/]sf] b]lvg5. df3! ut]sf lbg t?n vfg] k rng u/]sf sf/0f klg cem} klg u fld0f e]udf of] rngn] lg/gt/tf kfpsf] 5 eg] zx/l If]qdf eg] tfhf t?nnfo g} pkef]u ug] u/]sf b]lvg5g\. o;}nfo nlift u/l k';sf] clgtd ;ftfb]lv g} t?nsf] d"no prr epsf] b]lvgt. kl5nnf lbgdf ls;fgx?n] df3] ;+qmflgtnfo g} nlift u/l t?nsf] Joj;flos?kdf t?n v]tl ug yfn]sf] klg kfog5. pktosfsf] ;j}egbf 7"nf] t/sf/l ahf/df?kdf /x]sf] sfnldf6l t/sf/l tyf kmnkm"n ahf/df oltv]/ t?n k z:t dfqfdf b]vg kfog5. t?nnfo ljlegg lsl;dn] ahf/df ;hfp/ ;d]t /fv]sf] b]lvg5. t/ t?n Joj;fon] Joj;flos?k lno/x]sf] eptf klg ls;fg / pkef]qmfjlrsf] d"nosf] cgt/ eg] ctogt} w]/} /x]sf] kfog5. sfltsb]lv df3 dlxgf;dd Joj;fo x'g] t?n ;j}egbf a9l k'; dlxgfsf] cgtolt/ a9l ljqml x'g] u/]s]f sfnldf6l t/sf/l ahf/df ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv t?nsf] ljqml ul//x]sf Jofkf/Lx? atfpg] ub5g\. sfnldf6l t/sf/l ahf/df cfpsf *) k ltzt egbf a9l t?n ;Kt/Laf6 cfpsf] Jofkf/Lx? atfp+5g\. t?nsf] d"no klg ut];dd k lt s]hl?= #% df ljqml epsf] epklg cfh k';sf] clgtd lbg t?nsf] efp x\jfq} a9]sf] b]lvg5. o;sf] k d'v sf/0f ef]nl t?nsf] ljz]if kl/sf/ agfog] epsfn] klg v]d/fh kf}8]nn] ;'Gtnfaf6 jflifs tlg nfv, cb'jf, n;'gnufotsf e'oafnlaf6? b'o nfv;dd cfdbfgl ug] u/]sf] atfp. kf}8]nsf] tlg /f]kgl au}frfdf #)) ;'Gtnfsf af]6 /x]sf 5g\. ufp df k z:t ;'Gtnf ptkfbg x'g yfn]sf] / ahf/ sf] ;d:ofnfo lg/fs/0f ug s[ifsx n] cfkm\g} kxndf Ps ;xsf/l;d]t u7g u/]sf 5g\. ahf/sf] ;d:of / d"nodf Ps?ktf gx' bf Jofkf/Laf6 7lug ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO Go"gLs/0f ug ;f] ;xsf/lsf] u7g ul/ Psf] s[ifs kf}8]nsf] egfo 5. df5fk'r5«] ax'2]zolo ;xsf/l ;+:yfsf] u7g epkl5 s[ifsnfo ahf/sf] ;d:of x6]sf] ;+:yfsf sf]iffwoif hljgw/ zdfn] atfp. ;'Gtnf kmn]b]lv ahf/sf] ;d:of x'g] u/]sf] lyof]æ pgn] eg], æ;xsf/l u7g epkl5 Jofkf/L;Fu df]ndnfo ug / ahf/ Joj:yfkg ug;d]t ;xh epsf] 5.Æ dfu a9\g] epsfn] d"no a9]sf] Jofkf/Lx? g} atfp+5g\. ljutb]lv g} t?n Jofkf/ ub} cfo/xsf ;Kt/L 3/ epsf e'ng zfxn] cfkm"n]!$)?k}of+ k lt 9s lsg]/ ljqml u/]sf] atfp+5g\. t/ ToxL sfnldf6l t/sf/l ahf/af6 aflx/ cfpkl5 ;f] t?nsf] d"no $ ;o b]lv % ;o d"no ;Dd kg yfn]sf] 5. To:t} sfnldf6ldf g} t?n ljqmlul//x]sf df]tlnfn zfxn] ;Dd k lt 9s t?n ljqml ul//x]sf] atfp+5g\. sfnldf6l t/sf/l ahf/ leq g} t?nsf] d"nodf Ps?ktf b]lv+b}g. o:tf w]/} t/foaf;l t?n Jofkf/Ldf ctogt} Jo:t b]lvpsf 5g\. t/ pglx? ls;fgx?af6 slt?kdf vl/b u/]/ NofPsf] xf] egg] s'/f atfpg rfx+b}gg. e'ns ;fx eg] ls;fgx?;+u ctogt} yf]/} d"nodf t?n lsg]/ NofPsf] atfp+5g\. o;n] s] k i6 kfb5 eg] t?n ptkfbgsf nfu]sf ls;fgx? klg ljrf}lnofsf] df/df k/]sf] b]lvg5. ls;fgsf kifdf hlt g} rrf kl/rrf ug] u/]sf] epklg ls;fgx?n] ptkfbg u/]sf] s'g} klg t/sf/l afnln] plrt d"no eg] kfpg ;s]sf] b]lv+b}g. ls;fgx?n] b'v u/]/ ptkfbg ubf k lt s]hl!)!%?k}of+egbf t?nsf] d"no k fkt ug g;s]klg pkef]qmfx?n] eg]!%)?k}of+;dd lt/]/ df3] ;+qmflgt dgfpsf 5g\. ag t?n / 3/ t?nsf gfddf ljrf}lnofx?n] ls;fg / pkef]qmf b'j}nfo 7lu ug EofPsf] Joj;foLx? g} atfp+5g\. bzaif ljb]z ef]u]kl5 :jb]zdf s[lif sd a'6jn. elgg5 ldlxg]t ug] xf] eg] 8n/ cfkm\g} b]zdf cfp+5, kl/>d ug] xf] eg] 9'Ëfdf klg ;'g kmnfpg ;lsg5. of] olx egfonfo rl/tfy ub} /f]nkf lhnnfsf] lnjfë! 3/ eo xfn?kgb]xlsf] b]jbx gu/kflnsf ( df ls;fg yd axfb'/ jnln]! lj3f huuf ef8fdf lnp/ Joj;foL t/sf/l v]tl ;'? u/]sf 5g\.!) aif ;Dd ef/tsf] lxdf~rn k b]zsf] ;f]nfgdf /x]sf bhgegbf al9 s[lif sddf kl;gf aufpsf ls;fg yd axfb'/ jnl cfkm\g} :jb]zsf] df6f]df kl;gf aufpg nflu k/]sf 5g\. /fktl c~rnsf] ljs6 lhnnf /f]nkfsf] ;b/d'sfd b]lv # 308f k}bn b'/ldf /x]sf] cfkm\gf] hgd ynf] 5f8]/ pgl?kgb]xl cfp. Ps hgf ;fylsf] ;xof]udf a'6jn cfpsf pgl ot} 3/hfd u/]/ clxn] Joj;foL s[lif sddf nfu]sf 5g\. b]jbx gu/kflnsf ( ljzfngu/df b]jbx s[lif kmd' :yfkgf u/l :jb]zdf g} /fd f] cfdbfgl u/l ljb]zsf] e'lddf ghfg] k lt1 ;d]t u/]sf 5g\. #* alifo jnl eg5g\ csfsf] b]zdf kl;gf aufp cj cfkm\g} b]zdf kl;gf aufp/ s]xlug] c7f]6 lnpsf] 5'. huuf ef8fdf lnp / t/sf/l v]tl, kz'kfng / Rofp kmd ;d]t :yfkgf u/]sf 5g\. ef/tdf s]xl ;do 8fj/ sdkgldf ;d]t sfd uby]. dfl;s!% xhf/ ef??k}of+ cfdbfgl u/]sf pgl clxn] klg pqm sdkgln] a]nf a]nfdf kmf]g u/]/ af]nfpg] ub5. s'ssf] sfd ub} cfpsf pgl eg5g\ Toxf+ up/ gf]s/ xf]og d cfkm\g} b]zdf dflns agg rfxfg5', Tolx ep/ s[lif sd ;'? u/]. aflifs &) xhf/?k}of+ hldgsf] ef8f a'emfpb} cfpsf pgn] klxnf] k6s 6df6/, sfpnl, agbf, v';fgl agbf v]tl ;'? u/]sf 5g\. /jnlsf # hgf 5f]/L, Ps 5f]/f / >LdtL l5g. ;a} hgf s[lif sddf nfu]sf 5g\. 3/ kl/jf/nfo rflxg] cuflgs t/sf/l olx g} ptkfbg u/]/ vfg kfpsf] 5', cfkm\gf] kf}/vn] pahfpsf] t/sf/l 3/ kl/jf/n] ldn]/ vf+bf cs} cfggb cfpg] /x]5. jnl eg5g\. 3/df s'v'/f, $ j6f ufo ;d]t kfn] pgn] cfufdl lbgdf Joj;flos?kdf g} kz'kfng Joj;jfonfO candag ug] of]hgfdf /x]sf 5g\. t/sf/l v]tldf pgn] nfv?k}of+ nufgl u/]sf 5g\. Rofp v]tl ;d]t ;'? u/]sf jnln]! ;o &) j6f 8Nnf ;d]t Rofp /fv]sf 5g\. Rofpdf dfq $@ xhf/?k}of+ nufgl u/]sf pgl! xhf/ cfdbfgl x'g] ck]iff lnpsf 5g\. lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfofnodf s]xl cg'bfgsf] nflu ;d]t kmd e/]sf 5g\ t/ clxn] ;Dd cg'bfg kfpsf 5}gg\. pgl eg5g\ cg'bfgsf] cf;fdf /x]sf] 5'. cjsf] s]xl aifdf Kofh / n;'g v]tlnfo Joj;flos?kdf cuf8l a9fpg] / afv f / e};l kfng ;d]t ug] ;f]+r nufpsf 5g\. ef/tdf c?sf] v]tdf 7]Ssfdf ;d]t sfd ub} cfpsf pgn] 3/df g} ptkfbg u/]sf] t/sf/l ptkfbg ug] cfkm'klg :jr5 pkef]u ug] c?nfo klg v'jfpg] of]hgf /x]sf] 5. clxn] Rofp v]tl u/]sf pgn] s]xl ;dodf crf/ ptkfbgsf] nflu cleofg cuf8l a9fpsf 5g\. l;+rfosf] ;d:of /x]sf] egb} pgn] clxn] l8h]n gkfpsf] sf/0f yk ;d:of epsf] atfp. 3f]8fxf vf]nfaf6 kdkaf6 kfgl tfg]/ l;+rfxl u/]sf pgn] g]kfn clegf; ;fdflhs ljsf; ;+:yfn] s]xl ;xof]u u/]sf] 5. s[i0f vgfn, a'6jn lhnnf lgl:spsf s[lif dgql hdg k'u] Û sf7df8f} +. ls;fgsf ;d:ofx? a'em\gsf nflu dgql, ;lrj, ;x;lrj Pj+ pk;lrjx? ;d]tsf] g]t[tjdf ljlegg lhnnfx?df hfg] xnnf vnnf u/]sf s[lif dgql xl/af]n k ;fb uh'/]n oltv]/ hdg lt/ xflggpsf 5g\. ls;fgx?n] ef]ug' k/]sf] kl8f, ef]ufo / u'gf;f ;d]t ;'Gg] u/l b]z bf}8fxfdf lgl:spsf dgql xl/af]n uh'/]n ;Nofgaf6 kms]/ PSsf;L hdg ;'FOs' f 7f]s]sf 5g\. ljb]zl bft[ lgsfosf] lgdgq0ff egb} ls;fgsf u'gf;f ;'Gg lhnnf bf}8fxfdf lgl:spsf s[lif dgql uh'/]n hdg bf}8fxfdf ;fd]n epkl5 dgqlsf] lhnnf e d0f cylxg / ;do s6fpg] lgodn] dfq epsf] cf/f]k nfug yfn]sf] 5. ls;fgx?sf] u'gf;f / ;d:of ;'Gg t/fosf lhnnf ;lxt kxf8l lhnnfdf k'ug] elgpsf] epklg lhnnfdf egbf hdg 3'Dd lx8]kl5 s[lif lj1x? crldet epsf 5g\. ljb]zl lgdgq0fdf hdg ku]sf s[lif dgql cfufdl % ut] dfq g]kfn cfok'ug] 5g\.

5 g]kfndf s[lif qmflgt ;Defjgf / gof cfofd ;fjhlgs sf7df8f} +. kmf]/d km/ Pu fl/og sg;g P08 :6l8h Og g]kfn -km\ofs6 g]kfn_ gfds ;+:yfun] g]kfndf s[lif qmflgt ;Defjg / goff cfofd gfds k':ts oltv]/ ahf/df NofPsf] 5. b'o ltxfo egbf cwls hg;d'bfo ;+nug s[lifsfon] u fx:y ptkfbgdf PsltxfO egbf sd of]ubfg u/]sf] 5. t}klg s[lifsdk lt nufj Pj+ ptk ]/0ffsf] sdl ep/ nfvf} +sf] ;+Vofdf o'jf hg;+vof j}b]lzs /f]huf/ldf ef}tfl//x]sf] cj:yfdf ltgn] k7fpsf] ljk ]if0fn] g} cytgq wfg]sf] d"noffsg ul/bf] 5. e"ldlxg ls;fg, j]btfsf df]xl, ;'s'djf;l, ;LdfGts[t blnt Pj+ cflbjf;lx?;+u v]tlug] kofkt huufsf] t s'/} 5f8f} w]/};+u j;f]af;sf] huuf klg 5}g. P]nfgL klt, u'7l, ufpfans, ljbfnosf huuf jfemf] hldg, kf]v/l 8Ln, au/ Pj+ ;LdfGt e"lddf a;f]jf; ul//x]sf lgd'vf hgtfnfo cltqmd0fsf] cf/f]k nufo j]bvn ug] j;f]jf;af6 x6fpg] qmd a9]sf] 5. pko 'Qm e"ld / s[lif sddf cfwfl/t hljg k4lt c+ufn]sf ;d'bfonfo s[lif sdsfnflu hldgdflysf] kx'fr / :jfldtj :yflkt ub} :jledfgsf] hljg lhpg] / ptkfbg sfo;d]tsfnflu ptk ]/0ffsf] clej[l4 ug j}1flgs Pj+ qmflgtsf/l e"ld ;'wf/sf] dfwod4f/f Joj:yfkg ug] sfd s[lif cy tgqsf] cfw'lglss/0f /?kfgt/0fsf nflu cfwf/e't Pj+ k fyflds sfonfo ;f] k':tsn] rrf ug vf]h]sf] 5. s[life"lddf xbjgbl, df]lxofglxs, s[lifljsf;sf of]hgf sfoqmd, s[lifsf] jl; jif] ;+efljt of]hgf s[lif ljsf; /0fgLlt, e"ld;'wf/ cfof]usf k ltj]bg, cflb ;/sf/l of]hgf gllt Pj+ sfoqmdx?n] dfq s[lif / e"ldsf] cfd'n?kfgt/0fsfnflu Gofok"0f k 0ffnLsf] Joj:yf ;Dej x'b}g egg] s'/f xfn;ddsf cg'ejn] b]vfpsf 5g\. j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ ;lxtsf] cfd'n?kfgt/0fsf] sfoqmd, of]hgf lgdf0f / sfogjogdf ljbdfg /fho ;+ogqsf] jfu8f]/ ;dft]/ j;]sf kxf'rjnf hgk ltlglwx? / sdrf/l ;+ogq g} jfws /lxcfpsf] oyfy klg 5nË} 5. gllt lgdf0fsf txdf cg'kl:yt hldgbf/sf] k efj / ks8n] ubf s[lif If]qsf] ;'wf/ /?kfgt/0fsf k of;x? sfuhl 3f]8fdf ;Lldt /x]/ oyfydf k'/fg} cj:yf xfn;dd /x]sf rrf k':tsdf k"j k wfgdgql 8f= afa'/fd e /fob]lv ;Ltf/fd tfdfª;ddn] u/]sf 5g\. g]kfn h:tf] ljzjsf sd ljsl;t u/la d'n'sx?sf] >]0fLdf kg] /fhodf s[lifsd g} cytgqsf] d'vo cfwf/, d]?b08 jf ;+rfng >f]t /lxcfpsf] 5. hn, hldg / h+undf hljgsf ctojzos cfwf/x?sf] ptkfbg / Joj:yfkg u/]/ b'v];f]df hg;d'bfon] lgjfx ul//x]sf 5g\. k fs[lts >f]tsf b[li6n] k r'/ ;Defjgf eptf klg cy/fhgllts cj:yfsf] ljsf; 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/ ljsf; ax'cfoflds, jx'ljifos / c+t/ljifos ;fdu Ls ljlw k4lt ckgfp/ ul/g] sfoxf]. k/dk/f, ;Lk / lj1fg k ljlwsf] ;Gt'lnt ;dfof]uaf6 g} s[lif ljsf; ;+ej x'g5. g]kfn h:tf] sd ljsl;t d'n'sdf k/dk/f jf ;+sf/ xflj /x]sf] / cfw'lgs dfgjtfjfbl ;dtfd'ns / lj1fg k ljlwsf] k of]u sdhf]/ /x]sf] cj:yfn] g} s[lif ljsf;df k lts'n c;/ k/]sf] 5. ;fdgtl / gjpbf/jfbl lj:tf/ cgtutsf] bnfn k'fhljfbl k s[of / k efjnfo lgd' n ug' cfjzos 5. e"ldsf] j}1flgs dfkg, d'nof+sg, juls/0f / ljzn]if0fdf cfwfl/t e"ld / s[lifsf of]hgf, sfoqmd lgdf0f / s[lif ptkfbg a[lå ugsf nflu ;b}j k of]u ug' xf];\ n'lda sf] emf]n ;fn df3 # ut] cfotaf/ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdfblntsf] clwsf/ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdfblntsf] xs clwsf/ b]xfoadf]lhd Joj:yf ul/psf] 5. ) ;a} k sf/sf hftlo 5'jf5"tsf] cgto ug]. ;fdflhs Gofo ;'lglzrt ug] /fhosf] /fhgllts p2]zo x'g]. ) ;fdfgo sfg"gsf] k of]udf ptklq, wd, j0f, hft, hflt jf cgo s'g} cfwf/df e]befj gul/g]. ) ;fdflhs jf ;f+:s[lts b[li6n] lk5l8psf dlxnf, blnt, nufot gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, ;zqmls/0f jf ljsf;sf nflu sfg"g adf]lhd ljz]if Joj:yf ug]. ) s'g} JolQmnfO ptklq, hft, hflt, ;d'bfo, k]zf, Joj;fo jf zf/ll/s cj:yfsf] cfwf/df s'g} lghl tyf ;fjhlgs :yfgdf s'g} k sf/sf] 5'jf5"t jf e]befj gul/g]. ) s'g} j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf ptkfbg jf ljt/0f ubf To:tf] j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf s'g} vf; 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6 s[lif Nepal's First Agriculture weekly JAN ;fktflxs 17, ;fn 2015, df3 Sunday # ut] cfotaf/ 6 Emu Meat and its nutritional potential An emu is a large flightless bird native to Australia. It stands up to 6 feet tall and can weigh over 100 pounds. In fact, the emu is the second tallest bird in the world, behind the ostrich. Many aspects of the emu are unique including their meat; the oil derived from their fat; and their eggshells. Even though emus are birds, raw emu meat has a dark red color and looks similar to wild pig when cooked. Emu oil is rich in skin nourishing fatty acids including oleic, linoleic, and linolenic to name a few. Emu oil has found a niche within the health and beauty care industry due to its benefit to the skin and to its anti-inflammatory properties. Emu eggshells are prized for their beautiful dark green color, unusual shell texture, and their jumbo size of about 5-7" long & 10-14" around. Emu meat is a rich source of protein and typically has a better nutritional profile than other lean meats. For example, one 3-ounce serving of emu meat provides 23 grams of protein and only 110 calories, half the calories found in a similar size serving of beef. Furthermore, the total fat and saturated fat content of emu is only 1/10 of that contained in beef. In fact, the American Heart Association recommends consumption of emu meat because it is "very low in total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium" 6. Based on data from the United State Department of Agriculture and the University of Wisconsin, compared to other meats, Emu meat has: o Fewer calories o More protein o Much less fat than any meat; 1/4 the fat of beef and 1/2 the fat of elk and venison o Less saturated fat o Low cholesterol levels o More iron o Less sodium o More potassium o More of the Vitamins A, D, & E Based on the nutritional profile of emu meat, it is ounce-for-ounce the best meat source for athletes. Emu meat is low in calories and fat, which helps the athlete maintain a healthy body weight. The high protein content of emu meat helps the athlete maintain lean body mass during heavy training and helps recovery and strengthens immunity between training sessions. One notable benefit of emu meat is that the iron content is about twice as high as in other meats. One serving of emu meat provides about 25% of the iron needed each day. This is a notable distinction since about 30% of men and 80% of women athletes have an iron deficiency. Since iron is needed to make hemoglobin which is found in red blood cells and which aids in oxygen transportation throughout the body. Iron-deficiency anemia can cause numerous problems for the athlete including fatigue, shortness of breath, impaired performance, appetite loss and lowered immunity. By regularly eating emu meat, in combination with a broad variety of foods naturally rich in whole food vitamins such as dairy, whole grains, phytonutrients rich fruits and vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, daily iron needs will be easily met even during the heaviest training and competition periods. Although it resembles a bird, the emu is from the ratite family and is a cousin of the ostrich. The red meat of the emu has been Dr. kedar karki consumed in Australia for thousands of years. Emus are raised without the use of antibiotics or growth hormones.today's consumers are seeking healthier diets, but they don't want to sacrifice taste. Because it is low in fat and high in nutritional value, emu meat helps to meet the needs for this growing market. Emu meat is an excellent alternative for health-conscious consumers who love the taste of beef. The red emu meat is similar in taste and texture to lean beef, but lower in cholesterol, fat, and calories. The tenderness and texture of emu meat enables it to be prepared in a variety of ways. It is best prepared lightly grilled or pan fried. The American Heart Association recognizes emu meat as a healthy alternative to beef. Emu meat is higher in iron, protein and Vitamin C than beef and has the equivalent fat and cholesterol of poultry. Emu meat is extremely low-fat, containing only 3 grams per 3.5 ounce serving. The fat is 43 percent monounsaturated, which lowers the "bad" cholesterol. Cardamom worth Rs 5 billion produced Taplejung : Taplejung district has produced 2,410 metric tonnes of cardamom worth Rs 5 billion this year. According to the District Agriculture Development Office, the production increased by 1,000 metric tonnes this year as against the total production of 1,410 metric tonnes of cardamom last year. Price of per maund (around 42 kg) cardamom is Rs 90,000-Rs 92,000 in the local market. With the increase of cardamom production, income of farmers has also increased. Cardamom is known as black gold. Horticulture Development Officer, Umesh Raut, said that the district has produced 2,410 kgs of cardamom this year and the price of each kg of cardamom is Rs 2,300. Cardamom is produced on 4,500 hectares of land in the district. A total of Rs 3.70 billion entered in the district from the sale of cardamom as against Rs 3.15 billion in the last fiscal year 2070/71 BS. JICA s Knowledge Co-Creation Program Japan. JICA is supporting developing countries including Nepal continually. In the Development Cooperation Charter of Japan, it has been mentioned that "In its development cooperation, Japan has maintained the spirit of jointly creating things that suit partner countries while respecting ownership, intentions and intrinsic characteristics of the country concerned based on a field-oriented approach through dialogue and collaboration. It has also maintained the approach of building reciprocal relationships with developing countries in which both sides learn from each other and grow and develop together."it was believed that KCCP will serve as a center of mutual learning process. Under this KCCP, "Local Industry Development in Agricultural Regions by Strengthening Capacity of Management and Marketing" is going on at JICA Center Obihiro, Japan from 13 January 2016 and will run till 13 February In the training JICA has invited 18 participants from 16 Countries including Nepal. Nepal has nominated Mr. Arun GC from Ministry of Agricultural Development to participate in the program. Other participants countries are Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Cote D' Ivoire, El Salvador, Georgia, India, Laos, Mongolia, Nigeria, Peru, South Africa and Zambia. The main objective of the program is to capacitate central and local governments and personnel for income generation in rural area. The training course has been designed to impart marketing knowledge and skills which was found main reason behind not achieving desired level of satisfaction in One Village One Product like useful programs. By the same time, participating countries will share their experiences and good practices. Nepal has already presented its country paper in the program to share its current agriculture systems. Agriculture fair in remote Parbat village The folks from Ranipani, Barrachaur, Shaligram, Urampokhara, Hoshrangdi and other VDCs have visited the event for the sale of their agricultural products and to purchase the needed goods that are available in the threeday-long fair. Over 20,000 locals are expected to benefit from the fair, it is said. The fair organised by the Namuna Agriculture Cooperative has aimed at promoting the sales of the seasonal and non-seasonal agricultural commodities produced in the local areas. Likewise, the Agricultural Development Office, Parbat, has also distributed the seeds for free to the farmers as well as the technicians conducted the tests of the crops. Senior Agricultural Development Officer Basudev Regmi said that some 400 farmers were provided with vegetables seeds on Friday. Coordinator of the fair organising committee, Ram Prasad Parajuli, said that more than three dozen stalls of locally produced agricultural goods including of coffee, tomato, beans, cauliflower, cabbage, chilly, papaya, orange, lemon, pumpkin and others are kept in the festival. Besides the agricultural products, the national-level folk singers and artists have performed different cultural shows. byb

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To;sf/0f ls;fgsf gfddf aflx/af6 cflys ;xof]u kfp sfd ug] / cflys ;xof]u gkfp ;]jf g} agb ug] h:tf] sfo dfly klg ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfon] lgu/fgl a9fpg] ls < sfnldf6l=== ;8s k]6l ldr]/ 6x/f agfpsf] 5. eg] ;f] k]6ldf Joj;fo u/]/ a;]sfx?;+u Snjsf gfddf dfl;s & xhf/b]lv dfly g} c;'ng] u/]sf] atfopsf] 5. ;f] /sd g t ;/sf/l vftfdf hfg5. g t sfnldf6l t/sf/l ahf/ ljsf; ;ldltsf] vftfdf g} hfg] u/]sf] 5. sfnldf6l t/sf/l ahf/df aiff}b]lv eo/x]s]f o:tf] xst /f]sg s[lif ljsf; dgqfnodf hfg] s'g} klg dgqln] ;s]sf 5}gg\. qmflgtsf/l s[lif dgql xl/af]n k ;fb uh'/]nn] sfnldf6l t/sf/l ahf/ leq epsf] clgoldttf / ;8sk]6L sahf u/]/ agfopsf 6x/f x6fpg] x}l;ot /fvnfg\ ls g/fvnfg\. sfnldf6l t/sf/l ahf/df gssnl Jofkf/Lx? v8f ahf/ k;n sjn klg ;ldltaf6 7]s]bf/ / 7]s]bf/af6 Joj;foLsf gfos] / dfq Joj;foLx?n] k;n /fv]sf] b]lvgt. ahf/ ;ldltn] kfpg] /sdsf] tlg u'0ffegbf a9l c;'n]/ k;n sjn ljqml x'+bf klg ;DjlGwt dgqfno s[lif ljsf; dgqfnon] s8fo ug ;s]sf] 5}g. o; tkm dgqfnon] Wofg lbg' ctogt} cfjzos 5. Joj;flos l6d'/v]tl lj:tf/,bz d'/l laqml DofUbL. DofUbLsf] a]gl gu/kflnsf!) tf]/lkfgl l6d'/ ufp+sf]?kdf ljsf; x'g yfn]sf] 5. ufp+3/df v]/ upsf huuf hldgdf d;n]bf/ kmn l6d'/v]tl lj:tf/ ug] cleofgn] tf]/lkfgl l6d'/ ufp+sf]?kdf ljsf; x'gnfu]sf] xf]. tf]/lkfgl;+u} 8fjf, sfkmnaf]6, w'lkaf]6, 9f]n7fg, g]k6]rf}/, lul7glnufotsf 7fpFdf Joj;flos l6d'/v]tl ug] nx/ rn]sf] :yfglo o'jf ;fu/ afgloffn] atfp. e'd]l;4 l6d'/ s[ifs ;d"xsf cwoif;d]t /x]sf afgloffn] l6d'/sf] dfu a9]sf] / cfdbfgl ;d]t /fd f] x'g] epsfn] s[ifs l6d'/v]tldf nfu]sf] atfp. o ; If]qsf em08}!)) 3/w'/L l6d'/v]tldf nu]sf 5g\. s]xl jif cufl8;dd l6d'/sf] dxtjaf/] ;d'bfodf hfgsf/l lypg, clxn] l6d'/ vl/b ug Jofkf/L 3/d} cfpg yfn]kl5 s[ifs yk pt;flxt ag]sf 5g\, cwoif afgloffn] atfp. Ú tf]/lkfgldf /x]sf] e'd]l;4 l6d'/ s[ifs ;d"xdf cfj4 s[ifsn] of] jif!) d'/l l6d'/ laqml u/]sf 5g\. vl/bsf nflu 3/b}nf]df k'u]sf Joj;foLn] k ltkfly? b]lv? Ps xhf/ ^)) ;Dddf l6d'/ vl/b u/]sf] cwoif afgloffn] hfgsf/l lbp. l6dd'/nfo w]/} d]x]gt klg ug' gkg] / ufp+3/sf h:tf];'s} afnl sfgnf jf kfvf]df klg x'g] epsfn] o;k ltsf] cfsif0f a9]s]f :yfglo s[ifs Oj lu/ln] atfp. /fd f] ptkfbg x'g] jifdf Pp6} af]6af6!% kfyl;dd l6d'/ ;ª\sng ug ;lsgf] s[ifs atfp5g\. klxn] cgg;fu ;f6\g] / Go"g /sddf laqml x'g] l6d'/af6 clxn] s[ifsn] cfsifs cfdbfgl ug yfn]sf 5g\. tf]/lkfgl If]q DofUbLdf ;a}egbf w]/} l6d'/ ptkfbg x'g] 7fpFsf]?kdf lrlgg5. w]/} l;+rfo / dnsf] cfjzostf gkg] l6d'/v]tlaf6 epsf] cfdbfgln] 3/vr rnfpg / 5f]/f5f]/L k9fpg ;xof]u ldn]sf] :yfglojf;l /]pdfoff kl/of/sf] 5. gub cfdbfgl x'gyfn]kl5 tf]/lkfgljf;ln] ;fd'bflos jg, vfnl kfvf] / pkof]u ljxlg v]taf/ldf l6d'/sf af]6 nufpsf 5g\. h8la'6lsf]?kdf klg k of]u x'g] l6d'/v]tlsf] lj:tf/ / ahf/ls/0fsf nflu DofUbL pbf]u jfl0fho ;ª\3, lhnnf jg sfofno, lnj8nufotsf ;ª\3 ;+:yfn] ;xof]u u/]sf] 5. DofUbL pbf]u jfl0fho ;ª\3dfkmt ;/sf/n] Ps ufp Ps ptkfbg sfoqmdcgt/ut lhnnfdf l6d'/v]tlnfo 5gf]6 u/l sfoqmd ;~rfng u/]kl5 DofUbL lhnnfdf l6d'/v]tlsf] lj:tf/ / k j4gdf 6]jf k'u]sf] 5. s[lif dxf]t;jdf s[ifssf] 3'O+rf] kjt. blif0f kjtsf] /fglkfgl uflj;df klxnf]k6s ;~rfng ul/psf] s[lif dxf]t;jdf s[ifssf] 3'OFrf] nfu]sf] 5. lhnnfs} klxnf] of] dxf]t;jdf s[lifhgo j:t' vl/b ug ] / cfˆgf ptkfbg laqml ug ] s[ifssf] 3'OFrf] nfu] ]sf] xf]. tlg lbg;dd x'g] dxf]t;jdf /fglkfgl, jxfsl, a/frf}/, zflnu fd, p/fdkf]v/f, xf]>fª\blnufotsf uflj;sf s[ifs ;xeful eo/x]sf 5g\. df};dl tyf a]df};dl s[lifpkhsf] k bzg / laqml tyf k j4g ug] p2]zon] :yfglo gd'gf s[lif ;xsf/l ;+:yf lnld6]8n] dxf]t;j cfof]hgf u/]sf] xf]. dxf]t;jaf6 blif0f xhf/egbf a9l s[ifs nfeflgjt x'g] ck]iff ul/psf] 5. ;f]xl cj;/df lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfofno kjtn] afnl la?jfsf] k/lif0f / lgmz'ns alp ljt/0f u/]sf] 5. z'qmaf/ dfq} sl/a $)) s[ifsnfo t/sf/lsf] alp ljt/0f ul/psf] lyof]. jl/i7 s[lif ljsf; clws[t jf;'b]j /]UdLsf cg';f/ sffqmf, l3/f}fnf, $) lbg] d"nf, s/]nf, leg8l, sfpnl, agbf, /fof], 6df6/nufotsf lap s[ifsnfo ljt/0f ul/psf] xf]. dxf]t;jdf s[ifsn] ptkfbg u/]sf] skml, 6df6/, d"nf, l;dl, sfpnl, agbf, /fof], a f]sfpnl, v';fgl, d]jf, ;'Gtnf, sfutl, km;lnufot tlg bhgegbf s[lifhgo ptkfbgsf] k bzg tyf laqml ul/psf] d"n ;+of]hs /fdk ;fb k/fh'nln] hfgsf/l lbp. u]uo fg huufdf nxnx afnl kmnfp o'jfn] albjf;. hf+u/ / nug epkl5 s'g} sfd c;dej x'+b}g egg] pbfx/0f dxf]q/l lhnnfsf] eª\ufxfsf o'jfn] u]uo fg 9'ª\u] huufdf nxnx afnl kmnfp/ rl/tfy u/]sf 5g\. eª\ufxfsf] /fdgu/ a:tlsf!* b]lv #% jif pd]/ ;d"xsf o'jfn] j}zfv ofddf b'af];d]t dg] u]uo fg 9'ª\u] huufdf cfkm\gf] kf}/vn] s'gfs'gfdf kfgl k' ofp/ nxnx afnl kmnfpkl5 pglx cfkm\gf ufp+n]alr pbfx/0f ag]sf x'g\. lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfofno dxf]q/lsf] k] /0ffn] >L u9ldfo s[lif ;xsf/l ;+:yf u7g u/l lbnf]hofgn] v]tldf nfu]sf o'jfn] s]xl jifleq} u/]sf k ult ;a}sf nflu pbfx/0flo ag]sf] 5. ;+:yfdf cfa o'jfn] /ft' gbln] k'/]sf] anf}6], u]uo fg huufdf vghf]t u/l kl;gf aufp/ x/fe/f agfpkl5 a:tlsf o'jf ;a}sf nflu pbfx/0flo ag]sf x'g\. sfofnos} k fljlws / cflys ;xof]udf af]l/ª h8fg u/l!) j6f df]6/ nufp/ klt, anf}6] / 9'ª\Uofg huufsf] ;a} 7fpFdf kfgl k' ofpkl5 h'g;'s} afnl dg} nf]eofpg] u/l nxnxfpsf] 5. logsf] kf}/v b]vbf af6f] lxf8\g] a6'jf;d]t k km'lnnt x'fb} pglx sf] d]xgtaf6 bª\u kg] u/]sf ;f] a:tlsf *% jiflo j[4 >Lgf/fo0f ;fxn] atfp. v]tldf nfu]sf pt;fxl o'jfn] h8fg u/]sf af]l/ª / df]6/af6!) laufx huuf l;l~rt x'g] u/]sf] 5. cfkm"x n] s[lif lj1sf] ;Nnfxaf6 kffr jifcl3 ;'? u/]sf df};dl / a]df};dl t/sf/lv]tln] /fd f] cfdbfgl lbg yfn]kl5 v]tlsf] If]qkmn a9fpfb} nlupsf] ;+:yfsf cwoif ;Togf/fo0f ofbj atfp+5g\. ;'?df huuf lnh -7]Ssf_ df lnp/ v]tl ;'? u/]sf ;f] ;+:yfdf cfa o'jfn] ca cfkm\g} cfhgn] huuf;d]t hf]8]/ ljb]z sdfpg hfg]nfo ysys agfpsf] b]vbf ;Gtf]if nfug] u/]sf] ;f] a:tlsf a"9fkfsf atfp+5g\. cfkm\g} ufp+df hxfg kl/jf/;fu} a;]/ bf}+t/ln] u/]sf] kf}/v b]v]kl5 sfds} nflu ljb]z hfg /fxbfgl agfpsf o'jf klg v]tllt/ nfu]sf 5g\. ;d"xdf cfa4 ;fyln] s]xl jifleq} v]tlaf6 u/]sf] k ultn] ca cfkm"klg ljb]z hfg] s'/f 5f8]/ v]tlaf/ls} sfddf nfug] 6'ª\uf]df k'u]sf] ;f] a:tlsf /fdhl ofbjn] atfp. ljb]z hfg] lg0fo Tofu]/ t/sf/lv]tl ;'? u/]sf ofbj 5f]6f] cjlwd} ufp+sf pbdl ls;fgdf ulgg yfn]sf ;f] a:tls} kfsf ls;fg ^% jiflo O:nfd /fogsf] d"nofª\sg 5. csfsf] kf+r s f huuf 7]Ssfdf lnp/ t/sf/lv]tl ;'? u/]sf ;+:yfdf cfa rgb]zj/ /fo bg'jf/n] v]tls} kf}/vn] kffr jifleq} hxfg kl/jf/sf] nfngkfng u/]/!) s f huuf hf]8]sf 5g\. 3/sf] ul/aln] lbss ep/ ljb]z hfg] lg0fo ub} /fxbfgl;d]t agfpsf bg'jf/n] ufp+s} ;fx'n] C0f gktofpkl5 cfkm"n] ef8fdf huuf lnp/ v]tl ;'? u/]sf] atfp. lbg/ft gegl cfkm"n] u/]sf] d]xgtn] /fd f] ;kmntf kfp/ hxfg kl/jf/ kfnb} ufp+3/df csfnfo dsf kbf ;xof]u ug kfp/ ;Gtf]if nfug] u/]sf] pgsf] egfo 5. ufp+sf wgldfgldf ulgg]sf 5f]/f5f]/L;Fu} cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO klg /fd f] lziff lbg ;lspsfdf ;Gtf]if nfug] u/]sf] ;+:yfdf cfa ls;fg atfp+5g\. o'jf ls;fgn] v]tl;fu} kz'kfng;d]t ug yfn]kl5 huufdf rflxg] dndf klg cftdlge/ agb} upsf] atfopsf] 5.

8 ;fn df3 # ut] cfotaf/ 8 xfd f] klxrfgsf nflu ljefusf] ljsnk c? s]xl klg x'g ;Sb}g /dfggb ld> cwoif dt:o ;dfh g]kfn lh=k =sf=sf7df8f}+ b=g+= )^ )^( &) ;fn df3 # ut] cfotaf/ ) s[lif ljsf; dgqfno ljefhg kl5 dt:o ;]jf z'?df kz' ljsf;df k'uof] clxn] s[lifdf cfof] lg < dgqfno ljefhg x'g' kg] lyof] jf gx'g' kg] lyof] egg] s'/f cfkm\gf] 7fp+df 5. t/ ljefhg eo;s]kl5 df5fnfo z'?df kz'df nluof] / clxn] s[lifdf NofOof]. t/ df5f eg]sf] g kz' xf] g s[lif. of] hnleq /x]sf k f0fl / ag:kltnfo b'j}nfo x]g] epsf] x'gfn] o;nfo s[lif / kz' leq /fvg ;ls+b}g. cgt/fli6«o?kdf ljlegg b]zx?df hxff df5fsf] ptkfbg a9l 5 Toxf+ 5 } g} dgqfno /x]sf] 5. clwsf+z b]zx?df o;sf] 5 } cl:ttj / dxtj /x]s]f 5. xfd f] kl/k ]Iodf s'/f ubf ;du s[lif leq df5f c6fp+5 hj s[lif / kz'nfo ljefhg ul/;s]kl5 a9l kz'lt/ g} b]lvg5. lsgsl cgt/fli6«o sfg"g cf]cfoo n] klg df5fnfo kz'sf]?kdf lnpsf] 5. g]kfndf klg kz' :jf:yo P]gn] kz' eggfn] df5f ;d]tnfo hgfp+5 eg]sf] 5. To;}u/L cgo lgsfonfo x]g] xf] eg]klg s[lif tyf ag ljzjljbfno, To;}u/L s[lif cg';gwfg kl/ifb\ cgtut klg kz' / df5fnfo Ps} 7fp+df /flvpsf] 5. ) P]g cg';f/ t df5f kz'df x'g' kg] kz'k+ifl tyf dt:o ljs; dgqfno agfpg] egbf egb} lsg km]l/ kz'af6 s[lifdf cfof] t < of] /fhgllts lg0fo xf]. x'g' kg] s] lyof] eg] cgt/fli6«o d"no / dfgotf / b]zs} cgo lgsfox?df h] h:tf] Joj:yf ul/psf] 5. ToxL cg';f/ Joj:yf epsf] ep ;dgjodf w]/} ;/n x'g] lyof]. Tof] x'g ;s]g. ToxL sf/0fn] klg o:tf] epsf] xf]. ;'Ggdf cfpsf] 5 of] ljefhg c:yfol xf]. km]l/ PsLs/0f x'+g5 /]. t/ h] epklg df5f If]qsf] Pp6f klxrfg eg] xfdln] vf]h]s} xf]. o:tf] ctolws ;Defjgf epsf], t'ngftds?kdf cgo egbf nfe epsf], Joj;flostf tkm pgd"v /x]sf] o;nfo cfkm\gf] klxrfg :yflkt u/fpg' kbyof]. Tof] gepsf] g} xf]. b]zaf6 s'kf]if0f x6fpg, /f]huf/l k bfg ub} b]zsf] cytgq dha't dgfpg] cj;/ cem} klg 5. To;sf/0f dt:o ;]jfnfo klxrfgsf] cfjzostf v8\lspsf] 5. ) To;f] ep dt:o ;]jfdf sfd ul//xg' epsf tkfox? klxrfgsf] n8fo+df x'g'x'g5 < n8fo egbf klg efjgftds?kdf lsg k5fl8 k of} t < olt 7"nf] ;Defjgf epsf] If]q x'+bf x'b+} klg s'g} cfof]hgfdf klg ;dfj]z x'g ufx f] 5. vfb tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iff cfof]hgf h:tf]df klg o;n] :yfg gkfpsf] xf]. x'g t of] aif g]kfn ;/sf/n] df5fnfo cufl8 a9fpg] k of; ub}5. t/ TolQ dfq geosg dt:o glltsf] 8«fkm\6 xfdln] e"sdkn] 3/ 5}g Û wfg ;'/lift ug 7fp 5}g agfo;s]sf 5f} +. df5fsf] g]kfndf Go"g cfk"lt 5. To;nfO a9fpgsf nflu cfoft 36fpgsf nflu of]hgfa4?kdf cufl8 a9\g xfdln] k]z klg ul/;s]sf 5f} +. t/ cem} klg ;Djf]wg x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g. ) s[lif dgqfno ljefhg kzrft o;nfo slxn] kz' slxn] s[lif ljsf; dgqfnodf nlupsf] 5. To;sf/0f o;sf] klxrfgsf nflu hxf+ up klg dt:o ljsf; ljefu agfp+bf xf]nf lg t < of] jf:tjdf cfjzos klg ;fndf] ag]sf] hnr/ ;+/If0f P]gn] plrt?kn] ;+u7fgftds ;+/rgf gepsf] cj:yfn] clxn];dd sfofgjosf] cj:yfdf cfpg] ;s]sf] 5}g. lgodfjnl ;d]t agg ;s]sf] 5}g. cj xfdln] hnr/ ;+/If0fsf] lhdd]jf/l P]gn] k fljlwssf]?kdf dt:o ;d"xsf JolQmx?nfO klxrfg u/]sf]. dgqfnout :t/df x]g] xf] eg] klg o;sf] lhdd]jf/l ag tyf e" ;+/If0f dgqfno cgtut kg upsf] 5. o:tf lrhx?nfo xfdln] tfnd]n ldnfpg ;s]gf}+ eg] ck7]/f] x'g5. To;sf/0f xfdln] cg'/f]w u/]sf 5f}+. htf /fv] klg l7s} 5. tlgj6f s'/f k Tofe"ld ulbg' k of]. Pp6f o;sf] klxrfgsf] nflu dgqfno leq rfx] s[lif tyf dt:o ljsf; dgqfno xf];\ jf kz'k+ifl tyf dt:o ljsf; dgqfno xf];\ Pp6f gfdn] g} klxrfg kfcf];\. bf]; f] ;Dej ep;dd dgqfno d} dt:o dxfzfvf :yflkt ul/lbg] / t]; f]df ljefu agfp/ :jfoq lgsfosf]?kdf o;nfo cufl8 a9fpg] egg] t/lsfn] cufl8 hfg' kb5. xfdl s[lif ljsf; ljefuaf6 kz' ;]jf ljefudf ;g hfg] xf]og. xfd f] klxrfg dt:o ;]jfs]f klxrfgsf nflu ;+3if ul//x]sf 5f}+. ) t/ tkfox?sf] s'/f t ;'g'jfo epg < dt:o ;]jf cln ;fgf] lgsfo 5. s[ifs Joj;flox? klg cf cfkm\gf] sfddf Jo:t x'g'x'g5. pxffx? klg ;Dkssf x'g'x'g5 TolQs} lrlgtt x'g'x'g5. xfd f] Psbd} ;fgf] ;+/rgf epsf sf/0fn] ubf ;Dejt xfd f] cfjfh g;'g]sf] h:tf] nfu5. ) o;sf] dtnj 7"nf] df5fn] ;fgf] df5fnfo vfg5 eg] h:t} kg' ef] xf]og < To;/L g} t gegf}+. h'g?kn] klxrfg lbg' kg] lyof]. To;f] gepsf] dfq xf]. eljiodf o;nfo plrt 7fp / jftfj/0f lbp/ /fd /L n}hfg ;lsg5. gfdn] klg 7"nf] sfd ub5. hxff;'s} a;]klg xfd f] pb]zo s] xf] eg] s[ifsx?sf] :/ta[l4 ug], b]zaf6 s'kf]if0fnfo x6fpg], / /fli6«o cytgqnfo alnof] ug], ljb]zdf upsf] k};fx?nfo b]zdf g} ;+lrt ug] o'jfx?nfo a9l egbf al9 s[liflt/ cfslift ug' xf]. dt:o If]qn] tl lrhx?nfo ljutsf aifx?b]lv ;Djf]wg u/]sf] 5. ) olt w]/} sfd eo/x]sf 5g\ ;/sf/n] dt:o ;]jfnfo a]jf:tf ul//x]sf] b]lvof]. cj tkfox?sf] ;+:yfn] ;/sf/nfo bjfj lbg ;S5 t < bjfj :j?k g} xfdln] s[lif ljsf; dgql dfkmt k wfgdgql cg'/f]w kq lbg] k of; ub} 5f} +. s[lif dgql :jo+n] tlgaif leq cftdlge/ agfpg] kffr j6f a:t'df df5fnfo klg egg' epsf] 5. To;n] s] k i6 kfb5 eg] df5fsf] ;Defjgf /fd f] 5. df5faf6 klg b]znfo cftdlge/ agfpg ;xof]u ldn5. To;sf/0f g]kfn ;/sf/nfo k zf;lgs ef/ gkg] u/l dt:o ;]jfnfo :jfoq agfpgsf nflu cfu x ul//x]sf 5f}+. ) c? s]xl dfu g/fvl l;+w} dt:o ljsf; ljefu :yfkgf u/ egg ;Sg' x'gg < dt:o ljsf; ljefu clt cfjzos 5. of] dfu xfdl ub}5f}+. of] cgfjzos dfu klg xf]og. xfdl ;/sf/nfo s'g} klg k zf;lgs / cflys bflotj ga9fo :jfoq?kdf ljefu ;~rfng ug ;S5f} +. xfdln] vf]h]sf klxrfgsf] gfd ljefusf] xf];\ o gxf];\ xfd f s'/fx? xfdl cfkm}n] dflynnf] lgsfo;dd l;+w} k' ofpg ;Sg] jftfj/0f agfolbg' k of] egg] xf]. epg eg] xfdl xfd f] klxrfgsf nflu ljefusf] ljsnk c? s]xl klg x'g ;Sb}g. ) j}s'07 e08f/l t/ klg dnfo s]xl 8/ 5}g Û lsgsl cd]l/sl k ljlwaf6 g]kfnd} ptkflbt tlg n]o/sf] PICS d}; u 5 ;Dk"0f ls;fgx?sf nflu ;'/lift / xfjf gl5g] cgt/fli6«o :t/sf] Jofu NAF Seeds Pvt.Ltd Natole, lalitpur Phone : Fax : Website: s[lif kqsf/ ;dfhsf nflu xa a f]8sfl:6ª\ k f=ln=åf/f k sflzt, sfofnom afuahf/, kmf]g g+m (*%!)%($%%,kf]=j=g+=m$#!@, O d]nm sajnepal@gmail.com, d'b 0fM Zj]tsfnL 5fkfvfgf sf7df8f} +, +, ;DkfbsM j}s'07 e08f/l