a'n]l6g dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf k/fdz{ s]gb g]kfnsf] jflif{s a'n]l6g jif{!%

Transcription

1 a'n]l6g dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf k/fdz{ s]gb g]kfnsf] jflif{s a'n]l6g jif{!%

2 2 PSn} a:g?rfpg], dg cflqo/xg], sfd ug{ hffu/ gnfug], c?sf] s'/f ;'Gb}df emsf]{ nfug], lgb f gkg]{ jf af/daf/ cftdxtofsf] ljrf/ cfpdf==== crfgs d'5f{ k/]/ a]xf]; x'g], xft v' f c//f] -s8f_ x'g] / d'vaf6 lkmfh ;d]t lgl:spdf=== afnaflnsfdf klg 6f]nfpg], 8/fpg], k9\g dg gug]{, PSn} a:g vf]hg], lg/fz b]lvg] h:tf ;d:ofx? b]lvpdf==== o;;fu} x'fb} gepsf], c?n] gb]v]sf] / g;'g]sf] cgf}7f] s'/f ug]{ clg c?nfo{ z+sf ug]{h:tf nif0fx? s;}df b]lvpdf=== tkfo{+sf] :j:y dg / :j:y z/l/sf nflu ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfn

3 3 a'n]l6g dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf k/fdz{ s]gb g]kfnsf] cw{jflif{s a'n]l6g g]kfnl goff Pj+ o; ;+:yfsf]!$ cf}+ jflif{sf]t;jsf] cj;/ kf/]/ ;L=Pd=;L= c+s oxffx ;dif Nofpg kffpbf xfdlnfo{ lgs} v';l nfu]sf] 5. :j:y z/l/, :j:y dgú sf] xfd f] cleofgnfo{ cem} hljgt agfpg yk pmhf{ ldnf];\, ;a} z'e]r5'snfo{ xflb{s z'esfdgf lbg rfxg5f}+. l8k ]zgm v'n]/ s'/f u/f}+ú -Depression:Let's talk) egg] ljzj :jf:yo ;+u7gn] to u/]sf] gf/fsf ;fy clk n df ljzj :Jff:Yo lbj; g]kfnnufot ljzjel/ g} dgfoof]. l8k ]zgsf af/]df cfdhgdfg;df /x]sf] unt wf/0ffnfo{ x6fpg / o;k lt ;sf/ftds ;f]r ljsf; u/l l8k ]zgaf6 k efljt dflg;x nfo{ pkrf/ k lqmof Nofpg] p2]zosf ;fy ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfnn] sf7df8f}df /fli6«o dfgl;s :jf:yo ;~hfn / sfo{qmd nfu" epsf lhnnfx df lhnnf hg:jf:yo sfof{no / dfgl;s :jf:yo :jfjndjg ;d"x;fu ;xsfo{ u/l of] lbj; dgfpsf] lyof]. ;d'bfodf ul/psf] ; ;fgf cwoogx / ;d'bfo:t/df ;~rfng ul/psf] ;fd'bflos dfgl;s :jf:yo ;]jfdf cfwfl/t tyof+sx / c:ktfndf hfrfpg cfpg] la/fdlx sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df x]bf{ k ltztdf s'g} g s'g} lsl;dsf] dfgl;s jf cgo dgf];fdflhs ;d:of 5 eg]/ cg'dfg ul/psf] 5 / ;f]dwo] nueu $Ü hlt dflg; l8k ]zgaf6 k Effljt /x]sf] cg'dfg ul/psf] 5. ljzj :jf:yo ;+u7gsf cg';f/ kl5nnf] Ps bzsdf l8k ]zgaf6 k efljt JolStx sf] ;+Vof!%Ü n] a9]sf] 5. ;L=Pd=;L g]kfnn] ;Dd :jf:yo dgqfno;fusf] ;dgjo / ;xsfo{df ljlegg lhnnfdf ;~rfng u/]sf] ;fd'bflos dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmdaf6 nueu $% xhf/ JolQmn] tflnd k fkt :jf:yosdl{x af6 dfgl;s :jf:yo ;]jf lnpsf] JolQmdf l8k ]zgsf] ;d:of kfopsf] b]lvg5. dfly pnn]lvt tyof+saf6 klg l8k ]zgsf] ;d:of emg\ ljs/fn agb} upsf] ep klg g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df o;jf/]df hgr]tgfsf] cefj, ;f]k ltsf] unt wf/0ff Pj+ ;d:ofnfo{ n'sfp/ /fvg] k j[lt xfd f] ;dfhdf ljbdfg 5. sfdsf] ctolws af]em, cfkmgthgsf] d[to', 3/af/ lau ]/, eo/x]sf] hflu/ u'd]/, lziff, /f]huf/lnufot cgo ljljw If]qdf k ltikwf{, klzrdl b]zx n] ckgfo/x]sf] hljgz}nlsf] gssn, klxnf]sf] k':tf / clxn]sf] k':tfalr cfpsf] km/svfnsf] hljgz}nl, 3/]n' lx+;f, ;fdflhs lje]b, nf~5gf, hljgdf ;f]r]cg';f/ k ult ug{ g;sg' jf ;f]r h:tf] gx'g', j}b]lzs /f]huf/ldf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox aflx/g', dxful, ul/al, k fs[lts k sf]k, /fhgllts cl:y/tfnufotsf ljlegg sf/0fx n] l8k ]zg x'gdf of]ubfg k' ofpsf] xfd f]!$ jif{sf] sfof{g'ejaf6 ;d]t k'li6 epsf] 5. ctolws dxftjs+fifl gx'g], s'g} klg sfddf w]/} tgfj lnp/ k lt:kwf{ gug]{, cfkm";fu gepsf lrhlahx egbf klg cfkm";fu epsf lrhlahx h:t} M ;Lk, u'0f, Ifdtf, lziff, ;DklQ cflbaf/]df lgofn]/ x]g]{ / ;Gtf]ifsf] cg'ej ug]{, h'g;'s} s'/fdf klg ;sf/ftds ;f]rfo /fvg], v]n v]ng], dgf]/ghg ug]{, zf/ll/s Jofofd ug]{,cfkm"nfo{ b'mv lbg], g/fd f] ug]{ dflg;sf] af/]df ;ldem/fvg'egbf ;'v tyf ;xof]u ug]{ JolQmsf af/]df ;ldemg], lhgbuldf s]xl ug{ ;lspg, a]sf/ / lwssf/ 5 of] lhgbulnfo{ egg'egbf klg xfn;dd cfkm"n] u/]sf lrhlahx nfo{ zfgt dgn] ;ldemg], 3/ kl/jf/df ->Ldfg\ >LdtL, 5f]/f 5f]/L, ;f;' a'xf/l_ alrsf] ;DaGw, d]nldnfk, Ps cfk;df /fd f] agfpg ;lsof] eg] l8k ]zgaf6 arg ;lsg5. olafx]s o; jif{sf] ljzj :jf:yo ;+u7gn] to u/]sf] gf/fn] - l8k ]zgm v'n]/ s'/f u/f}ú_ eg] em}+ lbsbf/lkgsf] :jf:yo ;d:of ep/ afflr/x]sf JolQmx n] cfkm\gf] ;d:ofsf af/]df kl/jf/sf ;b:o, glhssf ;fyl, :jf:yosdl{, 8fS6/, dgf]k/fdz{stf{;dif v'n]/ s'/f u/]df / cfkm\gf] ;d:of k :6;Fu /fv]df l8k ]zgaf6 x'g ;Sg] yk hf]lvdaf6 arg ;lsg'sf ;fy} pqm ;d:ofaf6 d'qm x'g ;lsg5. l8k ]zgsf] /f]syfd / pkrf/sf] k lqmofdf kl/jf/, l5d]sl, ;dfh, dfgl;s :jf:yo :jfjndjg ;d"x, ;]jf k bfos ;+:yfx nufot /fhon] P]Soa4 eo{ sfd ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfo;s]sf] 5. g]kfn ;/sf/, :jf:yo dgqfnon] /fli6«o dfgl;s :jf:yo lgdf{0f ug'{ cfkm}df ;sf/ftds sfo{sf] yfngl xf]. oblb ;f]sf] k efjsf/l sfof{gjogsf lgldt xfdl ;a}sf] ;dfg lhdd]jf/l /x] klg /fhon] o;df g]t[tjbfol e"ldsf v]ng'kg]{ 68\sf/f] cfjzostf /x]sf] 5. à

4 4 ljifo ;"rl ;L=Pd=;L= ultljlw # dfgl;s :jf:yo eg]sf] s] xf] < ( l8k ]zgm n]6\; 6s 8f= ;/f]h k ;fb cf]emf!) j}b]lzs /f]huf/n] ;[hgf u/]sf dgf];fdflhs c;/x b'uf{ e /fo{!@ ;fylx sf] Jojxf/af6 dg b'vbf dw'ljnfz vgfn!# dfgl;s /f]u k efljtx sf] ;zqmls/0f k lqmof!$ Psychosocial need assessment study in earthquake affected schools in Bhaktapur, Lalitpur and Kathmandu districts Mahat, P Khanal, M.B dgsf] rf}tf/l lji0f' k ;fb k hfklt!^ lg/fzfkl5sf] cfzf /fd a/fn!* cg'e"lt lxdfn u}/]!( kl8fleqsf] v';l lgd{nf Understanding the psychosocial and mental health needs of Haruwa and Charuwa bonded labourers in South-Eastern Nepal Mahat P. Murray, K1; 22 dgsf] kl8fdf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u /fh]zs'df/ d]/f] hljgsf] ofqfdf ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfn sljtf arrfnfo{ s;/l x'sf{pg] / k9fpg] ca dnfo{ ljzjf; nfuof] 6Lsf kf7s #) 5f]/f;Fu v';lsf hljg latfpfb} cfdf piff b]jsf]6f #! afnaflnsfx k lt cleefjsx sf] e"ldsf snkgf sf8]n #@ dfgl;s tgfjnfo{ s;/l Joj:yfkg ug]{< 8f= slkn b]j pkfwofo ## d':s'/fp/ / xff;]/ klg dfgl;s tgfj 36fpg ;lsg5 #% afnaflnsfx n] s;/l l;s5g\ < #^ goff sf] kfjg cj;/df tkfo{+ ;Dk"0f{df :j:y z/l/;fu} :j:y dgsf lgldt xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+. ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfn kl/jf/

5 5 ;fd'bflos dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmd ;fd'bflos dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmd df]/ë, pbok'/, cf]vn9'ëf, /;'jf, ;Nofg, affs], alb{of, s}nfnl / 88]nw'/f u/l ( j6f lhnnfdf b]lv ;~rfng eo/x]sf] 5. dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmdcgt{ut :jf:yo lgsfox af6 k bfg ul/g] ;]jfnfo{ k efjsf/l agfpg b]lv g} sfo{if]qsf tflnd k fkt :jf:yosdl{x nfo{ ;'kl/j]if0f u/l pglx sf] 1fg, ;LknfO{ clej[l4 ug]{ sfdnfo{ lg/gt/tf lboof]. ;f]xl cj;/df ljlegg :jf:yo ;+:yfsf :jf:yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/lx, dlxnf :jf:yo :jod;]ljsfx, cfdf ;d"xsf ;b:ox tyf ljlegg ;/f]sf/jfnfx nfo{ dfgl;s :jf:yo;dagwl cled'vls/0f sfo{qmd ul/of]. o; cjlwdf ( lhnnfdf hgf dfgl;s :jf:yo ;d:of epsf JolQmx n] tflnd k fkt :jf:yosdl{x af6 dfgl;s :jf:yo ;]jf kfpsf 5g\. :jf:yo ;]jf ljefu, Joj:yfkg dxfzfvfsf] ;xsfo{df ;Nofg lhnnfdf cfwf/e"t dfgl;s :jf:yo tflnd lboof], hgf :jf:yosdl{x sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof]. dfgl;s :jf:yo ;d:ofnfo{ Go"gLs/0f ug{sf nflu dfgl;s lj/fdl tyf lj/fdlsf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox nfo{ klg dfgl;s :jf:yo ;DjlGw cled'vls/0f sfo{nfo{ lg/gt/tf lboof]. dfgl;s :jf:yo :jfjndjg ;d"xsf] u7g tyf ;d"xsf] a}7sdf ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfn ;xeful ep/ pglx nfo{ ;d"xdf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u k bfg ug]{, ;+:yfut ljsf;df ;xof]u ug]{ sfd ub}{ cfo/x]sf] 5 h;n] dfgl;s /f]ux sf] pkrf/ tyf Joj:yfkgdf 6]jf k'u]sf] b]lvg5. dfgl;s :jf:yo :jfjndjg ;d"xsf] ;lqmotfdf ljlegg ufpf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf gu/kflnsfdfkm{t dfgl;s :jf:yo ;d:of epsf JolQmx sf] ;xof]ufy{ cf}iflw Joj:yfkgsf ;fy} hgr]tgfsf sfo{qmdsf nflu ah]6 klg 5'6\ofpg ;kmn epsf 5g\. cfufdl cfly{s jif{sf nflu :yfglo :jfandjg ;d"xsf] kxndf :yfglo lgsfoaf6 nueu $)),))). ah]6 dfgl;s :jf:yosf] If]qdf hgr]tgf hufpg / cf}iflw pkrf/sf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] 5. dfgl;s :jf:yo ;d:ofnfo{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ljlegg lhnnfx tyf s]gb df ;dgjo tyf k}/jl sfo{ ul/of]. :jf:yo ;]jf ljefusf ljlegg zfvfx sf a}7sx df ;xeflutf, dfgl;s :jf:yosf] cg'udg tyf lhnnf ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf] a}7sx ;DkGg ep. s]gb Lo txdf ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfn ljlegg ;ldlt ;d"xdf a;]/ dfgl;s :Jff:YonfO{ ljbdfg :jf:yo ;]jf k 0ffnL leq PsLs[t u/]/ n}hfg] k lqmofdf e"ldsf v]nb} cfpsf 5. o;} qmddf /fli6«o dfgl;s :jf:yo / :yfglo :t/df epsf :jf:yo ;+:yfx df dfgl;s :jf:yo ;]jfsf nflu :t/lo pkrf/ k2ltú tof/ ug]{ / lgmz'nssf] ;"rldf dfgl;s la/fdlx sf] nflu cf}ifwl ykg] sfddf ;L=Pd=;L g]kfnn] working team df a;]/ pnn]vo ;xof]u u/]sf] 5. o; jif{sf] ljzj :jf:yo lbj; æl8k ];gm v'n]/ s'/f u/f}fæ egg] gf/fsf ;fy ;L= Pd= ;L= g]kfnn] s]gb df /fli6«o dfgl;s :jf:yo ;~hfn / sfo{qmd ;~rfng epsf ;j} lhnnffdf lhnnf hg:jf:yo sfof{no;lxt :yfglo :jfandjg ;d"x;fu ;xsfo{ u/l k eftkm]/l, cgt/lqmof sfo{qmd u/l dgfof]. tflnd k fkt c=g=dl=x sf] dgf];fdflhs ;xof]udf # lbg] k'gtf{hul tflnd ;~rfng ul/of]. o; tflnddf s}nfnl, 88]nw'/f, affs], alb{of / ;Nnfg lhnnfsf u/l!) hgf tflnd k fkt c=g=dl=x sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof]. dfgl;s :jf:yo :jfndag ;d"xsf] Ifdtf clejl[4sf nful b'o{ 7fpFdf -;Nofg / 88]nw'/f_ tlg lbgsf] dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u ;DaGwL tflnd ;~rfng ul/psf] lyof] h;df dfgl;s :jf:yo :jfandjg hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof]. tflnd k fkt :jf:yosdl{x sf] -P=Pg=Pd= tyf :6fkm g;{_ Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu!@ k6s ljlegg lhnnfx df dgf]ljb\

6 6 tyf dgf];fdflhs ;+of]hsjf6 sf]lrª ;'k/lehg ;~rfng ul/psf] lyof] h;df hgf :jf:yosdl{x n] -P=Pg=Pd= tyf :6fkm g;{_!!$ j6f s]zdf ;xof]u ul/psf] lyof]. tflnd k fkt :jf:yosdl{x n] of] cjlwe/df #@$ hgf goff tyf &% hgf k'/fgf] s]zx nfo{ dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u k bfg u/]sf 5g\. === afn dfgl;s :jf:yo sfo{qmd ljbfno dfgl;s :jf:yo sfo{qmd xfn ;Nofg, s}nfnl, uf]/vf / /;'jf lhnnfdf ;~rflnt 5. uf]/vf / /;'jf lhnnfdf ljbfno dgf]k/fdz{ k/lif0f sfo{qmdsf]?kdf ;~rflnt 5 eg] ;Nofg / s}nfnldf lgoldt sfo{qmdsf]?kdf ;~rflnt 5. $ j6f cfwf/e"t ljbfno / #) j6f dfwolds ljbfnox u/l hddf %% j6f ljbfnox df of] sfo{qmd ;~rflnt 5. of] sfo{qmdnfo{ ljqlo ;xof]u Felm, Finland af6 k fkt eo/x]sf] 5. df hddf *^( ljbfyl{x n] JolQmut dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ ;]jf k fkt u/]sf 5g\ eg] $& hgf ljbfyl{n] ;Dk ]if0f ;]jf dfkm{t ljz]if1 :t/sf] ;]jf k fkt u/]sf 5g\. ^( ljbfyl{x n] ;Nofg tyf 6Lsfk'/ c:ktfnaf6 ljz]if1:t/sf] ;]jf kfpsf 5g. %% j6f ljbfnoaf6 %% hgf dlxnf / %% hgf k'?if lzifsnfo{ dgf];fdflhs ;xof]ul lzifssf]?kdf ljsf; ul/psf] 5. sfo{qmd nfu" epsf ;Dk"0f{ ljbfnosf ;Dk"0f{ lzifsx nfo{ afnd}ql siffsf]7fsf] Joj:yfkg tyf ;sf/ftds cg'zf;g ljlw Pj+ ljbfnodf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]usf] cfjzostfsf af/]df tflnd k bfg ul/psf] 5. lziff dgqfno, lziff ljefu;fu ;dgjoftds a}7s ;DkGg eo/x]sf 5g\ eg] dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmdnfo{ ;a} ljbfnodf nfu" ug'{kg]{ cfjzostfsf] ;Gbe{df k}/jl ul//flvpsf] 5. ljbfno dgf]k/fdz{sf] klxnf] / bf]; f] df]8'nsf k':ts k sfzg ul/psf] 5 eg] ljbfno dgf]k/fdz{sf] lgb]{lzsfsf] d:of}bf;d]t tof/ u/l g]kfn ;/sf/ lziff dgqfno, lziff ljefusf gllt lgdf{0f txsf clwsf/lx ;Fu 5nkmn eo/x]sf] 5. of] sfo{qmd nfu" epsf ljbfnox df afnd}ql siffsf]7fsf] Joj:yfkg, ;sf/ftds cg'zf;g ljlw tyf ljbfyl{ dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] ceof;sf] yfngl epsf] 5. zf/ll/s tyf dgf]j}1flgs b08 36]sf] 5. ljbfyl{ lgoldttf, l;sfo pknlaw, ljbfnoaf6 efug] b/, ljbfno cg'kl:ylt tyf ljbfno 5f8\g] b/df sdl cfpsf]] 5. cleefjsx df klg cfkm\gf] 5f]/f5f]/Lx k lt ug]{ Jojxf/df ;sf/ftds kl/j{tg cfpsf] kfog5. ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf ;Nofg / s}nfnldf!! j6f ljbfnodf gd'gf afnd}ql siffsf]7f klg lgdf{0f ul/psf] 5. %^# afnaflnsfx n] afn;+/if0fsf] af/]df cled'vls/0f kfpsf 5g\. #) hgf ck7\of/f] kl/l:ytlaf6 cfpsf ljbfyl{n] pglx sf] pkrf/ tyf k9fo{sf] lg/gt/tfsf] nflu ljz]if ;xof]u ;d]t k fkt u/]sf 5g\.!@*$ cleefjs c;n cleefjstj ;DaGwL cled'vls/0f sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflgjt epsf 5g\. sfo{qmd nfu' epsf ljbfnox n] ljbfno ;'wf/ of]hgfdf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmdnfo{ klg ;dfj]z u/]sf 5g eg] lh=lz=sf= dfkm{t lzifssf] k]zfut ljsf;sf] tflnddf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u ;DaGwL ljifoj:t'x Tfflnddf ;dfj]z ug{ yflnpsf] kfo{g5. === ;'/lift cfk jf;g kl/of]hgfdf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u g]kfndf j}b]lzs /f]huf/lsf] nflu hfg] dflg;x sf] ;+Vof lbgk ltlbg a9\b} upsf] 5. o;n] /]ld6\ofg;sf]?kdf j}b]lzs d'b f leœofpsf] t 5 t/ To;sf] k5fl8 r'sfpg' k/]sf] ;fdflhs d"no slt 5 egg] cf+sng ug{ ufx f] 5. j}b]lzs /f]huf/lsf sf/0f l;h{gf epsf ljljwvfnsf] dgf];fdflhs ;d:ofx nfo{ dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u k bfg u/l Go'gLs/0f ug{sf nflu ;L=Pd=;L g]kfnn] ;fdl x]ne]6f;sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf kl/of]hgf ;~rfng u/]sf] 5. df vf]6fª / ;nf{xl lhnnfaf6 z'? ul/psf] kl/of]hgf xfn cfp/ /fd]5fk, gjnk/f;l, wg'iff, s}nfnl, wflbªdf lhnnfdf lhnnfl:yt ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfcgtu{t ;~rfng eo/x]sf] 5 eg] g'jfsf]6 / l;gw'kfnrf]sdf >d tyf /f]huf/ dgqfno / lhnnf ljsf; ;ldltcgtu{t ;~rfng e}/x]sf] 5. o; kl/of]hgfcgtu{t k To]s lhnnfdf $ $ hgf dgf]k/fdz{stf{ sfo{/t 5g\. dgf]k/fdz{stf{x n] j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg] JolQmx sf] 3/ 3/df up/ 3/e]6 u/]/ JolQmut dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jf k bfg ug'{sf ;fy;fy} ;d"xdf klg o:tf] ;]jf lbg] ub{5g\. xfn;dd ;f] kl/of]hgf nflu ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfnn] hddf #& hgfnfo{ dgf]k/fdz{sf] ^ dlxg] tflnd k bfg ug'{sf] ;fy} tflndkzrft dgf];fdflhs ;xof]usf] sfddf k efjsfl/tf sfod /fvg lgoldt?kdf ;'kl/j]if0f tyf sf]lrë k bfg ub}{ cfpsf] 5. vf]6fë tyf g'jfsf]6df sfo{/t b'o{ b'o{hgf dgf]k/fdz{stf{x n] sfd 5f]8]sfn] c? rf/hgfnfo{ tflnd cjlwe/ ;fdflhs sfo{stf{ kbdf /xg]u/l kbk"tl{ ug{ :yfglo ;fem]bf/x nfo{ ;xof]u k bfg ul/of]. 5flgPsf ;fdflhs sfo{stf{x

7 7 o;jif{sf] dfr{!% af6 z'?epsf] dgf]k/fdz{sf] tflnddf ;+nug eo{ cf cfkm\gf] lhnnfdf sfd klg ub}{ cfpg'epsf] 5. o; jif{ ;L=Pd=;L g]kfn, >d tyf /f]huf/ dgqfno / lhnnf ljsf; ;ldltx -g'jfsf]6 / l;gw'kfnrf]s_ alr lqkiflo ;Demf}tf epsf] 5. o;n] dgf];fdfhls ;xof]u sfo{qmdnfo{ lhnnfn] g} ckgtj lngsf nflu ;xof]u u/]sf] 5. lhnnfdf /x]sf] ;"rgf tyf k/fdz{ s]gb sf k/fdz{stf{x sf] k'gtf{hul tflnd o; jif{klg ;~rfng ul/psf] 5. pqm tflnddf %) hgf k/fdz{stf{x nfo{ % lbg] tflnd b'o{ ;d"xdf u/l k bfg ul/psf] 5. ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfnsf cg'ejl dgf]ljb\x n] l;gw'kfnrf]s, g'jfsf]6 tyf wflbë lhnnfdf b'o{ k6s ;'kl/j]if0f tyf sf]lrë ug]{ sfd ;DkGg eof] eg] /fd]5fk, vf]6fª, gjnk/f;l, ;nf{xl, wg'iffdf Ps Ps k6s ;'kl/j]if0fsf] sfd ;DkGg eo;s]sf] 5 eg] s}nfnldf d] dlxgfdf ;'? x'fb} 5. s?0ff s'fj/, :d[tl l3ld/], a]al gsdl{ -cflz+s ;do dfq_ tyf 8f= kz'klt dxtn] of] kl/of]hgfsf] sfo{qmddf ;xof]u ub}{ cfpg'epsf] 5. To;} u/l?kf >]i7n] 8s'd]G6];gsf] sfddf ;xof]u ub}{ cfpg'epsf] 5. ;f] sfd of] clk nb]lv :d[tl ld>n] ub}{ cfpg' epsf] 5. o; jif{df gf} lhnnfdf hddf %!@ -%# k'?if, $%( dlxnf_ hgf ;]jfuf xln] JolQmut dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jf kfpsf 5g\. h; dwo] #@ -@ k'?if, #) dlxnf_ hgfdf cftdxtosf] k of; jf hf]lvd, %$-% k'?if, $( dlxnf_ hgfdf l8k ];g, * hgf dlxnfdf ljs[t tgfjsf nif0f, #(& -#( k'?if, #%* dlxnf_ hgfdf lrgtfhgo ;d:ofsf nif0f, # hgf dlxnfdf cf3ftsf nif0f,!#-^ k'?if, & dlxnf_ hgfdf s8f vfnsf dfgl;s /f]usf nif0f, % -! k'?if, $ dlxnf_ df cgo nif0fx b]lvpsf 5g\. d[to', 3/]n' lx+;f, ljb]zdf upsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o h]ndf kg'{, :jf:yo ;d:of, ljb]zdf b'{36gfdf kg'{, ljb]zdf sfd / tnadf km/s kg'{, sfdsf] af]em, >Ldfgn] csf]{ lax] ug'{, ;fdflhs nf~5gf cflb dgf];fdflhs ;d:ofsf k d'v sf/0fsf?kdf /x]sf 5g\. o; jif{!*!$ hgfn]!@! ;d"xdf ;d"x k/fdz{ ;]jf kfpsf 5g\. ;L=+Pd=;L= g]kfnsf] ljz]if1jf6 k bfg ul/g] dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jfsf nflu klg lhnnfx jf6 ;]jfu fxlx nfo{ ;Dk ]if0f epsf] / pglx sf] cfjzos pkrf/ kl5 k'gm lhnnfdf g} dgf]k/fdz{stf{ dfkm{t ;xof]u k bfg eo/x]sf] 5. === e"sdkaf6 k efljt JolStx sf] nflu dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u :jl; ;/sf/ ljsf; ;xof]usf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ;~rflnt ;fnsf] l8;]da/sf] cgto ;+u} dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf k/fdz{ s]gb -;L=Pd=;L_, g]kfn4f/f :jl; ;/sf/ ljsf; ;xof]u -P;=l8=l;_ sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ;+rflnt e"sdkaf6 k efljtx sf] nflu dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ ;xof]u sfo{qmd sf] bf]>f] r/0f klg ;dfkg epsf] 5. o; kl/of]hgfn] e"sdkjf6 k efljtx sf] dgf];fdflhs cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] p4]zon] dgf];fdflhs r]tgf a9fpg] s[ofsnfk, k fylds dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u, dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf dfgl;s /f]usf] pkrf/ ;]jf k bfg ul/psf] lyof]. To;}u/L e"sdk nufot ljkthgo 36gfdf k efljtx nfo{ ;]jf lbg ;Sg] hgzlqm :yfglo :t/df ljsf; ug'{ kl/of]hgfsf] csf]{ dxtjk"0f{ p2]zo lyof]. pqm sfo{qmdaf6 # lhnnfdf e"sdksf sf/0f dgf];fdflhs P+j dfgl;s :jf:yodf ;d:ofdf k/]sf %)# ;]jfu fxl -^#Ü dlxnf tyf #&Ü k'?if_ x nfo{ dgf]k/fdz{ tyf dfgl;s :jf:yo pkrf/ ;]jf nfo{ dgf];fdflhs k fylds ;xof]u, dgf]lziff P+j hgr]tgfd'ns sfo{qmd k bfg ul/psf] lyof]. :yfglo:t/df dgf];fdflhs ;]jf k bfg ug{{] hgzlqm ljsf; ug]{ qmddf!* ;fd'bflos dgf];fdflhs sfo{stf{ tyf & hgf dgf]k/fdz{stf{n] kl/of]hgf cjlwe/ g} tflnd tyf ;'kl/j]if0fsf dfwodjf6 dgf];fdflhs ;]jfsf] sfddf cfjzos biftf xfl;n ug'{epsf] lyof]. sfo{qmd nfu' ul/psf sltko uf=lj=;=x -bf]nvfsf] nfdfau/, cf]/fª / cf]vn9'ëfsf] lvhlkmnf6], lvhlr08]zj/l_ lgss} ljs6 tyf e"sdk kl5 klx/f]sf] prr hf]lvddf lyof]. ol 7fpFx df cgo ;+3;+:yfx sf] pkl:ytl gx'g'n] klg sfdsf] af]em cem a9l lyof]. ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfnsf dgf];fdflhs lj1x sf] l6d tyf kl/of]hgfsf sd{rf/lx sf] cfk;l ;xsfo{n] tyf dgf]jnn] kl/of]hgfn] nlift u/]sf p4]zox k fkt ug{ ;Dea epsf] lyof]. sfo{qmdjf6 ;]jf kfp/ hljg ;fdfgo epsf] k lts[ofx ;]jf kfpsf e"sdk kll8tx n] JoQm u/]sf 5g\, h:t} d of] cj:yfdf kmls{pfnf h:tf] nfu]sf] lypg, t/ dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jfaf6 k'g{lhgbul kfpsf] cg'ej eof] bf]nvf l:yt le/sf]6 uf=lj=;=sl Ps ;]jfu fxl. To;}u/L kl/of]hgfn] $) clt ljkgg cj:yfdf /x]sf / lgoldt?kdf cf}ifwl ;]jg ug'kg]{ ;]jfu fxlnfo{ cfjzos cf}ifwl ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5. dfgl;s /f]usf] cf}iflw ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=sf] :jf:yo rf}sldf k bfg ul/psf] 5 tfls ;DalGwt lj/fdln] cf}ifwl sldtdf csf]{ ^ dlxgf ;xh} kfpg ;sf];\. FIN CHURCH AID sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ljbfno cfwfl/t dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmd M sf] h'nfo{af6 z'? eo{ sf] dfr{ dlxgf ;Dddf ;~rflnt bf]; f] r/0fdf ljkb\kl5 ljbfnodf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmd ;DkGg epsf] 5. pst sfo{qmd uf]/vf, dsjfgk'/, l;gw'nl sf7dfg8f}+, eqmk'/ / nlntk'/ u/l ^ j6f lhnnfsf ^! Jf6f ljbfnox df ;+rflnt lyof]. o; sfo{qmdaf6 &(@ hgf lzifsx n] afnd}ql siffsf]7fsf] Joj:yfkg tyf ;sf/ftds cg'zf;g ljlw ;DaGwL tflnd kfpsf 5g\ eg] o;af6]!(^(# ljbfyl{ nfeflgjt epsf

8 8 hgf lzifsn] ljbfno dgf]k/fdz{ ;DaGwL tflnd kfpsf j6f ljbfnodf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u O{sfO z'? epsf] cleefjsn] c;n cleefastj ;DaGwL cled'vls/0f tflnd kfpsf 5g\.!) j6f lzifs ;fyl ;xof]u ;+hfn z'? epsf] 5. hgf ljbfyl{n] JolQmut dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u k fkt u/] eg] To;dWo] #$ hgfn] ljz]if1 :t/sf] ;]jf kfpsf] 5g\. o; sfo{qmdn] u'0f:t/lo l;sfo{df dgf];fdflhs ;xof]usf] cfazostfnfo{ a9fpsf] 5. ACF sf] ;xof]udf ;+rflnt dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmdm ACF sf] sf] h'g b]lv l8;]dj/ ;Dddf klxnf] r/0f / hgj/l b]lv ;Dddf u/l afnaflnsf / ue{jtl tyf ;'Ts]/L dlxnfx sf] nflu dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmd ;DkGg epsf] 5. klxnf] r/0fdf /;'jfsf #$ j6f ljbfno / g'jfsf]6sf] %^ j6f ljbfnodf ;~rfng epsf] pqm sfo{qmd bf]>f] r/0f cgt{ut /;'jf lhnnfsf]!) j6f ljbfnox df dfq ;+rflnt lyof].!^) lzifssf] tflnd dfkm{t o; sfo{qmd cgt/ut /;'jfdf!&)@ / g'jfsf]6df ^!*( u/l hddf!)*@% ljbfyl{x ljljwvfnsf] dgf];fdflhs k jw{gftds lqmofsnfkx af6 nfeflgjt epsf 5g\. ;fy} $!! hgf ljbfoyl{n] JolQmut dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u k fkt u/]sf 5g\. bf]; f]r/0fdf!$ hgf lzifsn] afnd}ql siffsf]7f Joj:yfkg, ;sf/ftds cg'zfz;g ljlw tyf ljbfno dgf]k/fdz{ ;DaGwL tflnd k fkt u/]sf 5g\. k aw{gftds af]8{sf] ;xof]u!) j6f ljbfnon] k fkt u/l ceof; ;d]t u/]sf 5g\.!) j6f afn Snan] afnsf]ifsf nflu ;xof]u k fkt u/]sf 5g\ eg] *& hgf cleefjsn] dgf]lziff k fkt u/]sf 5g\. To;}u/L /;'jf lhnnfdf dlxnf ljsf; sfof{nosf] ;dgjodf sflnsf:yfgdf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u s]gb klg ;~rflnt 5. o;} u/l ue{jtl tyf ;'Ts]/L dlxnfx sf nflu dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u k' ofpg klxnf] r/0f cgt{ut /;'jfsf]!( j6f / g'jfsf]6sf] ## j6f :jf:yo ;+:yf dfkm{t (% hgf cgdlx nfo{ tflnd tyf ;'k/lehgsf] dfwodaf6 Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmd ul/of]. ;fy} $& hgf :jf:yo ;+:yf k d'vx nfo{ dfgl;s :jf:yo ;+DjlGw cled'lvs0f ul/of]. sfo{qmdsf] bf]>f] r/0f cgtu{t b'j} lhnnfsf u/l!!!! :jf:yo lgsfox 5gf}6 u/l tl :jf:yo ;+:yfsf tflnd k fkt c=g=dl=x nfo{ yk % lbgsf] tflnd k bfg ul/psf] lyof]. tflnd k fkt c=g=dl= dfkm{t pqm sfo{qmd cjlwe/ g'jfsf]6 / /;'jfdf ul/ *!# hgf ue{jtl tyf ;'Ts]/L dlxnfx n] JolQmut dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u :jf:yo ;+:yfsf cgdlx dfkm{t k fkt u/]sf 5g\ eg]!!(* hgf ue{jtl tyf ;'Ts]/L dlxnfx nfo{ ;d"xdf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u k fkt u/]sf 5g\. ue{jtl tyf ;'Ts]/L dlxnfx sf] :jf:yodf ;'wf/ Pj+ 6]jf k'uf];\ eg]/ ljlegg ;d"xdf ul/ hgf ue{jtl tyf ;'Ts]/L dlxnfx sf >Ldfgx nfo{ dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u tyf arrf tyf >LdtLnfO{ s;/l :ofxf/ ;';f/ ug]{ egg]af/] cled'lvs0f ul/of]. ;fy} ;d'bfodf dfgl;s :jf:yo ;DjlGw hgr]tgfsf hgf dlxnf :jf:yo :jod;]ljsfx nfo{ dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u ;DjlGw cled'vls/0f ul/of]. Himal Partner sf] ;xof]udf ;+rflnt dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmdm Himal Partner sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf b]lv uf]/vf lhnnfsf] dgsfdgf, ld/sf]6, ofnrf]s, cf?rgf}6], af/kfs, nfk fs, tfs'sf]6 / :jf/f uf=lj=;df dgf];fdflhs sfo{qmd ;+rflnt 5. o; sfo{qmdsf] dfwodaf6 uflj; / ;d'x :t/df ^%@ hgfn] dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u ;DaGwL cled'vls/0f kfpsf 5g\ eg]!# afnaflnsf / #& hgf ao:sx n] dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jf k fkt u/]sf 5g\. lhnnf c:ktfn uf]/vf dfkm{t dfgl;s :jf:yo hgfn] k fkt u/]sf 5g\. ^% hgf lzifsn] tflnd k fkt u/] eg] #) hgf 8fS6/ / x]nykf]i6 OGrfh{n] ljljwvfnsf] dfgl;s /f]usf] Joj:yfkgsf] af/]df d]l8sn lziff k fkt u/]sf 5g\. tflnd k fkt lzifsaf6 *( hgfn] dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u k fkt u/]. x]nykf]i6 ;'k/lehg dfkm{t % hgfn] ;]jf k fkt u/]sf 5g\. Tear Australia sf] ;xof]udf ;+rflnt dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmdm Tear Australia sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf bf]>f] r/0f cgt{ut km]a b]lv ;Dd g'jfsf]6 lhnnfsf] tnfv', 5fk, lnv', l;qm], dxfsfnl, eb 6f/ / ;'Gb/fb]jL uf=lj=;=df dgf];fdflhs sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/psf] lyof]. o; sfo{qmdsf] dfwodaf6 ^^( ljlegg ;d"xsf %&#^ JolStx n] ;fd'bflos dgf];flhs sfo{stf{ dfkm{t dgf]lziff tyf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u ;DaGwL cled'vls/0f kfpsf lyp. e"o{rfnf]af6 k ToIf?kn] k efljt ^( k efljt kl/jf/sf ^& hgfn] dgf]k/fdz{stf{af6 dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jf k fkt u/]sf lyp. o; cjlwdf & hgf :jf:yosdl{x nfo{ dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u / ljljwvfnsf] dfgl;s /f]usf] Joj:yfkgsf] af/]df tflnd ;d]t k bfg ul/of]. ===

9 9 dgf];fdflhs ckfëtf epsf JolQmx?sf] nflu ;dfj]zl / clwsf/;dagwl kl/of]hgf dgf];fdflhs ckfëtf epsf JolQmx?sf] ;dfj];l / clwsf/ ;DjlGw sf] cui6 b]lv uf]/vf, wflbë / l;gw'kfnrf]s lhnnfx?df ;~rfng x'b} cfpsf] 5. o:sf] d"vo p2]zo dgf];fdflhs ckfëtf epsf JolQmx?sf] nflu dfgl;s :jf:yo / dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u ;]jf ;'lglzrt ug]{ ;fy} pglx?sf] nflu lhljsf]kfh{gsf] cj;/sf] nflu ;xof]u ug'{ / /fli6«o ckfë dxf;+3df cfjwb u/fpg' /x]sf] 5. ;LjLPdsf] cfly{s ;xof]u /x]sf] of] kl/of]hgfsf] cjlw #) dlxgfsf] 5. xfn;dd kl/of]hgfdf ;Dkfbg e} niocg';f/ xfl;n u/]sf kl/0ffdx? tkl;nadf]lhd 5g\M tlg} lhnnfdf a];nfog ;e]{if0f ;DkGg epsf] 5. lhnnf tyf ;d'bfo:t/df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] nflu kl/of]hgf ;DjlGw cled"lvs/0f klg cfof]hgf ul/psf] lyof]. tlg lhnnf u/l!# hgf g;{ / cgdlx?nfo{ dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u ;DaGwL tflnd ;DkGg epsf] 5. ;fy}!% hgf Kof/fd]l8S;x?nfO{ dfgl;s :jf:yo ;DaGwL tflnd k bfg ul/psf] 5. tflndkzrft ltg} lhnnfx?df Ps Ps k6s lsnlgsn ;'k/lj]if0f klg ;DkGg epsf] 5. 5gf}6 ul/psf :jf:yo ;+:yfsf!)) hgf :jf:yosdl{ / cgo sd{rf/lnfo{ dfgl;s :jf:yo / dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u ;DjlGw cled"lvs/0f sfo{qmd klg oxl cjlwdf ;~rfng ul/psf] lyof]. %% hgf dfgl;s :jf:yo ;d:of epsf JolQm / pglx?sf kl/jf/nfo{ kl/of]hgf ;DaGwL / dfgl;s :jf:yosf] af/]df cled'vls/0f ul/of]. hgf dlxnf :jf:yo :jod\;]ljsf / wfdlemffqml x?nfo{ kl/of]hgf ;lxt dfgl;s :jf:yosf] jf/]df cled'vls/0f ul/of]. $! hgf dfgl;s :jf:yo ;d:of epsf JolQm / pglx?sf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?nfo{ 3/b}nf] sfo{qmd u/l :jfandjg ;d"x u7g ug]{ k lqmof ;'? epsf] 5. === n}lës lx+;faf6 k efljt JolStx sf] nflu dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u n}lëstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;f egg] lalqs} dflg;x sf] ;f]r dlxnf -aflnsf, lszf]/l jf jozs_ dfly x'g] of}lgs lx+;f, zf/ll/s lx+;f tyf jf zf/ll/s?kdf ctolws s'6lk6 epsf] s'/fnfo{ ;ldemg] rng 5. ol afx]s c? vfnsf clnslt kf/bzl{?kdf gb]lvg] h:t}] M dfgl;s tgfj, af]nl tyf xfpefpn] ul/g] lx+;f, af6f]df lh:sofpg], ;f+:s[lts?kdf rnb} cfpsf s'/llt s';+:sf/x tyf k'?if -afns, lszf]/ jf jozs_ dfly x'g] lx+;fnfo{ dfgotf lbob}g. o;}sf] nflu SDC/UNFPA sf] ;xof]udf, :jf:yo dgqfno / dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh snof0f dgqfnosf] ;fem]bf/ldf ax' ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf æn}lëstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;f /f]syfd tyf k ltsfo{æ gfds sfo{qmd NofPsf] 5 h;n] l;gw'nl, pbok'/ / cf]vn9'ëf u/l hddf # lhnnfdf æps åf/ ;+s6 Joj:yfkg s]gb Æ -OCMC_ lhnnf c:ktfns} dftxtdf /x]/ ;'? ug{ yfn]sf] 5. of] sfo{qmdn] ;/sf/l tyf u}/;/sf/l ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf ;/sf/l sfo{ glltnfo{ cem alnof] kfg{ ax' cfoflds ;xof]u k bfg ug{ ;'? u/]sf] 5. o; cgtu{t ædfgl;s :jf:yo tyf k/fdz{ s]gb g]kfn -CMC-Nepal_ nfo{ OCMC /xg] s]z Dofg]h/ / dgf]k/fdz{stf{nfo{ lx+;faf6 k efljt JolQmx nfo{ dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u k bfg ug{sf] nflu pglx sf] ;Lk Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ sfd ub{5 eg] ;fd'bflos dgf];fdflhs sfo{stf{x, hf]8lx, lgu/fgl ;d"x / lszf]/l ;d"xx dfkm{t n}lës lx+;f /f]syfd s;/l ug]{, dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u s;/l lbg] / yk ;xof]usf] nflu cgt sxff sxff s;/l ;dgjo ug]{ egl pglx sf] 1fg Ifdtf a9fpg] sfd o; kl/of]hgfdf ul/g5. df z'? epsf] o; kl/of]hgfdf ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfnn] tk;ln adf]lhdsf ultljwlx ;~rfng ul/;s]sf] 5.!_ dlxnf ;xsf/lx lbg] n}lëstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;fn] lgdtofpg ;Sg] dgf];fdflhs cj:yf jf ;d:ofsf] af/] ;fd'bflos dgf];fdflhs sfo{stf{x sf nflu!) lbg] cfwf/e"t dgf];fdflhs ;xof]usf] tflnd / ;d'xdf Ps k6s ;'k/lj]if0f #_ ;fd'bflos dgf];fdflhs sfo{stf{x sf nflu!) lbg] tflndsf] k'l:tsf $_ s]z d]g]h/x sf nflu s]z Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf-case Management Guideline_ %_ s]z d]g]h/sf] klxnf] ;q -& lbg]_ tflnd o;sf] ;fy;fy} ;fd'bflos dgf];fdflhs sfo{stf{x / s]z d]g]h/x nfo{ Distance Coaching sf] dfwodaf6 klg ;'kl/j]if0f ul/fb} cfopsf] 5. === x jf r?jf ;d'bfosf lgldt dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmd h]g]ef Unf]an tyf lk m8d kmg8sf] ;xof]udf k"jl{ t/fo{sf l;/xf, ;Kt/L tyf wg'iff lhnnfdf x jf r?jfsf] clwsf/ / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;xof]u ug{df ToxfF sfo{/t :yfglo ;+:yfx df x jf r?jf ;d'bfon] ef]ug' kl//fv]sf] dfgl;s tyf dgf];fdflhs ;d:ofdf sfd ug{ tl ;+:yfsf

10 10 sd{rf/lx sf] Ifdtf ljsf;df ;xof]u k'/ofpg] sfd ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfnn] b]lv ub} { cfpsf] 5. km]a 'c/ljf6 l;/fxf tyf ;Kt/L lhnnfdf x jf r?jf ;d'bfosf] dgf];fdflhs cj:yfdf cem s]lgb t ep/ dfgl;s tyf dgf];fdflhs ;d:of epsf ;]jfu fxlsf] klxrfg / dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf dfgl;s /f]usf] pkrf/ ;]jf k'/ofpg x jf r?/jf ;d'bfodf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmd nfu' epsf] 5. l;/fxf lhnnfdf l8;fd cgtu{t d'lqm g]kfn tyf ;Kt/Ldf h]=l8=p;= dfkm{t of] sfo{qmd cufl8 a9]sf] 5. b'j} ;+:yfjf6 Ps Ps hgf sd{rf/l -/]0f' s0f{ d'lqm g]kfn tyf rlg8sf rf}w/l h]=l8=p;=_ dgf]k/fdz{sf] ^ dlxg] tflnddf ;FnUg x'b} ;]jf lbg klg yfng' epsf] 5. b'j} ;+:yfn] dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jfsf nflu dgf]k/fdz{ sifsf] klg :yfkgf u/]sf 5g\. === dfgj >f]t ;+;fwfg o"lg6 ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfnsf k fljlws sd{rf/lx df dgf]k/fdz{ tyf dfgl;s :jf:yosf] 1fg tyf ;Lk ljsf;sf nflu tflnd, lj1af6 ;'kl/j]if0f tyf cfgtl/s ;d'xdf g} ;'kl/j]if0f sfo{qmd df h'nfo{ b]lv l8;]da/ ;Dd % lbg cfgtl/s ;'kl/j]if0f (intervision) ;DkGg eof]. o df 8f]/f]yL ofgzg j]a/, hd{g ;fosf]nf]li6jf6 ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfnsf dgf];fdflhs ;'k/efoh/ tyf dgf]k/fdz{stf{x nfo{ kffr lbgsf] ;'kl/j]if0f ;DkGg eof]. o tlg lbg -km]a 'c/l, dfr{, clk n_ dgf];fdflhs ;'k/efoh/x sf nflu cfgtl/s ;'kl/j]if0f (intervision) ;DkGg eo;s]sf] 5. kl/of]hgfx df k fljlws ;xof]u o ;'/lift cfk jf;gdf sfo{/t ;+3 ;+:yfx sf] ;+o'qm k of;df bf]; f] /fli6«o cfk jf;g sgkm/]g; df ;DkGg eof]. ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfnn] cfk jf;gdf ;fdflhs nfut ;DjGwL ;folg6lkms k]k/ k :t't u/]sf] yof]. o n}lës lx+;f /f]syfd tyf ;xof]u kl/of]hgfdf tflnd Dofg'cn tyf cgo ;fdfu L tof/ldf ;xof]u ul/of]. o n}lës lx+;f /f]syfd tyf ;xof]usf nflu n}lës lx+;f kll8tnfo{ lhnnf c:ktfnsf] Ps åf/ ;+s6 Joj:yfkg s]gb jf6 k efjsf/l?kdf ;]jf tyf ;dgjosf] nflu n}lës lx+;f 36gf Joj:yfks lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/l ljlegg ;/f]sf/jfnfx sf] k[i7kf]if0f lng] / lgb]{lzsfnfo{ nfu" ug]{ sfddf ;xof]u ul/of]. o sge;{g l8;c8{/sf] pkrf/ k'l:tsfsf] n]vg sfo{ ;DkGg u/l 5fKgsf nflu k fylds :jf:yo ;]jf k'ghf{u/0f dxfzfvf, :jf:yo ;]jf ljefudf k]z ul/psf] 5. ljzj :jf:yo ;+u7gsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ;f] k'l:tsf tof/ ul/psf] xf]. o jfn dfgl;s :jf:yo sfo{qmdsf nflu ljbfno dgf]k/fdz{sf] tflnd k'l:tsf tyf ljbfno dgf]k/fdz{sf] dfu{bz{gsf] n]vg tyf lziff dgqfno tyf ljefu / cgo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo;fu k[i7kf]if0f lng] sfo{ ;DkGg eof]. dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] lsnlgs o dfgl;s :jf:yo;]jfsf] cf]=kl=8l= ;]jf x/]s ;f]djf/ / ljlxjf/ sf] dfr{ b]lv d+unjf/ / lalxjf/ ;f] ;]jf pknaw u/fopsf] 5. o dgf]k/fdz{ tyf dgf]j}1flgs pkrf/ ;]jf cfotaf/b]lv z'qmaf/;dd lj1 dgf]ljb\x af6 lgoldt?kdf k bfg ul//flvpsf] 5. cg';gwfg o dfgl;s :jf:yo ;d:ofsf] /fli6«o:t/sf] cg';gwfgdf ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"xdf /x]/ sfo{ ;d"xnfo{ lgb]{zg lbg] tlgj6f j}7sx df k ltlglwtj ul/of]. o afn dfgl;s :jf:yo ;d:ofsf] ljbfno tyf ;d'bfodf ul/g] ljbfjfl/lw cg';gwfgdf ufo8sf] e"ldsfdf sfd lgoldt?kdf cufl8 a9]sf] 5. === cgo ultljlwx ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfnsf] clxn];ddsf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf, biftf / sfdsf] glthf / If]q ;d]tnfo{ d"nof+sg u/l cfufdl ;Ddsf] /0fgLlts of]hgf tof/ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ;d'bfodf a;]/ sfd ug]{ sd{rf/lx b]lv sfo{sfl/0fl ;ldltsf ;b:ox ;Fu ;d]t 5nkmn ;DkGg epsf] 5. ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfnsf]!$ cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f cflzjg!^ ut] ;DkGg epsf] 5. o; ;+:yfn] cfly{s )&$ sf] of]hgf, ah]6 tyf lgodfjnlx df /x]sf] ;+;f]wg k :tfj kfl/t u/]sf] 5. sd{rf/ldf epsf] kl/jt{gx goff cfudg sfo{qmd clws[t M ;u'g s]=;l, ;'lhtf aflgoff al/i7 dgf]k/fdz{stf{ M kjg cfrfo{ -/;'jf_ dgf]k/fdz{stf{ M nidldfof tfdf -l;gw'nl_, /~hgf tfhk'l/of -pbok'/_ / 5q axfb'/ vql -cf]vn9'ëf_ ;fdflhs sfo{stf{ g'jf]sf6 M vldfs'df/l ;'j]bl -9'+ufgf_ / O{Zj/L tfdfª uf]/vf M dlgf u'?ª wflbë M rgb tfdfª

11 11 l;gw'kfnrf]s M cd/ 3n] 8s'd]G6];g P08 dlg6l/ª clkm;/ M :d[lt ld> labfo ;fdflhs kl/rfng ;+of]hs M dxgtafa' dxh{g sfo{qmd Joj:yfks M ;kgf sf8]n 8s'd]G6]zg PG8 dlg6l/ª clkm;/ M?kf >]i7 dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u ;xhstf{ M o'j/fh uf}td, dgyn u'?ë, Hof]tL kf08] / ;+lrtf >]i7 dgf]k/fdz{stf{ M bf]nvf M 5qaxfb'/ vql, snkgf a:g]t / Peg >]i7 /fd]5fk M nidldfof tfdfª / d'u]gb uf}td cf]vn9'+uf M ;hgf /fo{ / ;'lgtf 3n] g'jfsf]6 M ;'hg 3n], ljgf]b tfdfª, :d[lt ld>, b]jsl l/dfn / cldasf vltj8f /;'jf M /fhf/fd l;+v8f / cldzf lwdfn Uff]/vf M dznl 7f]s/ tfdfª ;fd'bflos dg]f;fdflhs sfo{stf{ M bf]nvf M s'df/ >]i7, k ldnf kf08], ;Ltf lu/l, /fhg a'9fyf]sl, sljtf u'?ª / ;D;]/ l3l;ª /fd]5fk M ljdnf du/, sljtf >]i7, ;'lgtf jh frfo{, /fdhl v/]n, zflgt tfdfª / ;/:jtl 9'+ufgf cf]vn9'ëf M /ldnf v8\sf, ;+ultf kf}8]n, lzjs'df/ sfsl{, /f]z' >]i7, hfg'sf a/fn / hltaxfb'/ tfdfë g'jfsf]6 M /~h' s]=;l, /fdb]jl >]i7, dfof yfkf / kb\df >]i7 uf]/vf M ;/:jtl bjf8l, lbg]zrgb vgfn, clgtf u'?ª / lgzf u'?ª lhdd]jf/l x]/km/m k fljlws ;Nnfxsf/sf] e'ldsfdf sfo{/t /xg'epsf 8f= kz'klt sf] sfo{sfl/0fl ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{ocg';f/ k fljlws lgb]{zssf]?kdf lhdd]jf/l lboof]. k zf;slo ;xfossf]?kdf sfo{/t ;[hgf sf] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{ocg';f/ k zf;lso clws[tsf] lhdd]jf/l lbo{of]. P;=l8=l;=sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ;~rflnt e"sdk k efljtsf nflu dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmddf sfo{/t lxdfn sf] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ lk m8d kmf]/d / h]g]ef Unf]ansf] cfly{s ;fem]bf/ldf ;~rflnt dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u sfo{qmddf sfo{qmd clws[tsf]?kdf km]a b]lv lhdd]jf/l lboof]. à dfgl;s :jf:yo eg]sf] s] xf] < s'g} klg AolQmsf] dgn] ug]{ ljlegg sfdx? h:t}m ;f]rfo{, lg0f{o ug]{ Ifdtf, :d/0fzlqm, efjgf tyf ;+j]usf] lgodg cflbdf JolQmsf] ;fdflhs kl/l:ylt;fu d]n vfg] u/l ;DkGg ug{ ;Sg' g} dfgl;s?kdf :jf:yo x'g' xf]. ljzj :Jff:Yo ;+u7gsf] cg';f/ dfgl;s :Jff:Yo eggfn] Pp6f ;':jf:yosf] cj:yf xf] h;dff AolStn] cfkm";fu epsf] ;fdyo{nfo{ dx;'; ug{, hljgsf ;fdfgo tgfjx?nfo{ ;xg / cfkm\gf] Ifdtf cg';f/ kl/jf/ / ;dfhsf] nflu of]ubfg ug{ ;S5. dfgl;s?kn] :j:y AolQmdf x'g' kg]{ s'/fx? o ;do tyf kl/l:ylt cg';f/ cufl8 a9\g ;Sg] Ifdtf o efjgftds cj:yfnfo{ ;fdfgo /fvg ;Sg] u'0f o tgfjnfo{ Joj:yfkg ug]{ Ifdtf o cy{ k"0f{ hljgofkg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf o ptkfbglzn sfd ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf o c?;fu /fd f] ;DaGw hf]8\g / lg/tt/tf lbg ;Sg] o s'g} lsl;dsf] dfgl;s /f]usf] d'vo nif0fx? gepsf] à

12 12 ;Gbe{M ljzj :jf:yo lbj; l8k ]zgm n]6\; 6s æl8k ]zgsf] af/]df hfgf}+ / v'n]/ s'/f u/f}+æ 8f= ;/f]hk ;fb cf]emf k fwofks tyf ljefulo k d'v, / dgf]lrlst;s lq=lj= lzif0f c:ktfn dxf/fhu+h ljzj :jf:yo ;+u7g (WHO) n] x/]s jif{ & clk n nfo{ ljzj :jf:yo lbj;sf]?kdf ;+;f/e/ ljlegg sfo{qmdsf ;fy dgfpg] ub{5. o; sf] gf/f l8k ]zgsf] jf/]df hfgf} / v'n]/ s'/f u/f}+ cyf{t\ n]6\; 6s}+ gf/fsf ;fy ljzj :jf:yo ;+u7gn] of] ;fn ljzje/lsf cfkm\gf ;b:o /fi6'x df l8k ]zgsf] jf/]df hgdfg;df /x]sf] k/dk/fut wf/0ff / e dnfo{ x6fo{ of] /f]usf] jf/]df ;sf/ftds r]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ tyf :j:yo hljgsf nflu o; ;DalGw r]tgfd'ns tyf lg/f]wftds pkfo cjndag ug]{ p2]zosf ;fy dgfpg u} /fv]sf] 5. ljzj :jf:yo ;+u7gsf] cfs+8f cg';f/ l8k ]zg cyf{t\ pbfl;gtfsf] /f]u ljzjsf #) s/f]8 egbf a9l JolQmx cyf{t\ ljzj hg;+vofsf] s/lj $ k ltztdf of] /f]un] ;tfpsf] b]lvg5. ;+o'qm /fho cd]l/sfdf dfq} x/]s s/f]8 JolQmx l8k ]zgaf6 kll8t x'g5g\. o; dwo] k'?ifx sf] bffhf]df dlxnfx df bf]aa/ a9l pbfl;gtfsf] /f]un] k efljt x'g] ub{5. 8An'=Pr=cf]= sf] cwoog cg';f/ df ljzjaofkl?kdf dflg;nfo{ czqmtfdf k' ofpg] klxnf] sf/0f Pr=cfO{=le= P8\; kl5sf] bf]>f] sf/0f l8k ]zg x'g5 eg]/ eljioaf0fl u/]sf] 5. kl5nnf] Ps bzs ljzje/ l8k ]zg /f]uaf6 k efljt dflg;sf] ;Vof s/lj!% k ltztn] j[l4 epsf] b]lvg5. ljzjdf x/]s $) ;]sg8df Ps hgf JolQmsf] Hofg cftdxtofaf6 x'g] ub{5. h;dwo] &) k ltztegbf a9lsf[] sf/0f s8f vfnsf] l8k ]zg xf].!% jif{ pd]/sf JolQmx sf] csfn d[to' x'g] sf/0fx df cftdxtof bf]>f] k d'v JolQmx?sf sf/0fdf kb{5. olb xfdln] ;dodf g} /f]syfd k of; u/]sf] v08df cftdxtofnfo{ /f]syfd ug{ ;lsg] j}1flgs tyo xfd f] ;fd'gg] 5. l8k ]zg Ps k sf/sf] dfgl;s /f]u xf]. dfgl;s /f]u egg] lalqs} hgdfg;df ol /f]ux k lt ldyof tyf unt wf/0ffx ljbdfg 5g\ h;nfo{ gx6fp;dd l8k ]zg /f]usf] klxrfg, pkrf/ tyf o;af6 ptkgg x'g] hl6ntfnfo{ sfd ug{ ;ls+b}g. l8k ]zgnfo{ lrggsf] nflu ;aegbf klxn] o; k sf/sf] /f]u klg x'g5 egg] hfgsf/l ;j{;fwf/0f hgdfg;df x'g'kb{5. a]nfjvt lbss h;nfo{ klg nfub5. pbf; kfg]{ 36gfx h:sf] lhgbuldf klg 36\g ;Sb5g\. egfo g} 5 lrgtf gx'g] t dfg5] g} x'+b}g. t/ l;df h] s'/fsf] klg x'g ;S5. s'g} 36\gf ljz]if jf 6]G;g jf ljgf sf/0f lg/gt/ b'o{ xktf jf ;f] egbf a9l ;do;dd xfdlnfo{ b'mvl jf pbf; dxz'; eo /xg5, hj pqm JolQmdf hffu/ gx'g], z/l/df tfst gepsf] dxz'; x'g], cn5l nflu/xg], gsf/ftds ;f]rfo dfq lbdfudf cfpg], lhp ef/l eo/xg], lggb f v/fj x'g], vfg dg gnfug] cflb ljlegg nif0fx dwo] sd;]sd tlgb]lv rf/ j6f nif0fx x'g5g\ / ha ol nif0fx n] JolQmsf] lbgrof{df ;d]t vnn k' ofpg yfnb5, To; cj:yfdf pqm JolQm pbfl;gtfsf] /f]u jf ;fdfgo af]nlrfnlsf] efiffdf l8k ]zg af6 lkl8t epsf] z+sf ug'{kg]{ x'g5. s8f vfnsf] l8k ]zgdf ol nif0f afx]s lxgtfaf]w x'g], cftdunfgl x'g] jf cfkm}+nfo{ xfgl k' ofpg] jf cftdxtof ug]{ ;f]+r cfpg] x'g ;S5. l8k ]zgaf6 kll8t ljlegg dflg;x df nif0f km/s km/s x'g'sf] ;fy} epsf nif0fx klg km/s km/s ltj tfsf] ;fy x'g ;Sg] epsf]n] kll8t JolQmx df pglx sf] nif0fx klg Ps?ktf ge]l6g klg ;S5. xfd f] d'n'sdf cem} klg dfgl;s /f]u egg] ljlqs}sf] :6Ludf -unt ;f+]r_ hf]l8psf] x'+bf of] /f]usf] klxrfg gx'g] of ;dodf g} pkrf/ gx'g] of klxrfg ep klg ;lx pkrf/ / plrt ;dofjlw;dd pkrf/ gx'g'n] o:sf] hl6tntf emg\ a9]sf] kfopsf] 5. tgfj cyf{t\ :6']; gx'g] ;fob sf]xl klg gxf]nf cem xfd f] d'n's k fs[lts ljklq, /fhgllts c:tjo:ttf, cfly{s clglzrttf, ;fdflhs c;'/iff, a]/f]huf/, ul/jl, s'iff]if0f, kfl/jf/ls snx, cjojl:yt zx/ls/0f, ;fdflhs lje]b OTofbLsf] sf/0f xfdldf

13 { 13 k z:t tgfj ptkgg e} /fv]sf] b]lvg5. tgfjn] xfd f] z/l/df :6']z xdf]{g h:t} sfl6{;f]n, Pl8'gflngsf] :t/ a9fpf% h;sf] sf/0f An8 k ;/, ;'u/, yfo{/fo8sf] ;d:of cfpg'sf] ;fy} lg/gt/ tgfjn] ubf{ l8k ]zgsf nif0f b]vf kg{ ;S5 / o; jvt dl:tissf] sf]ifaf6 lg:sg] ;]/f]6f]lgg gfds /;folgs kbfy{sf] sdl x'g hfg5. Psflt/ :6']; xdf]{g a9\g] / csf]{lt/ ;]/]6f]lggsf] sdl eof] eg] l8k ]zgsf] nif0fx emg a9\g ;Sb5. l8k ]zg s8f dfgl;s /f]u xf]og tyfkl o;nfo{ ;dodf g} pkrf/ gu/]sf] v08df o;af6 JolQmx df ljlegg lsl;dsf gf]s;fgx h:t} sfd ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfdf sld, :d/0f zqml sdl ep/ k9fo{sf] l/hn6df x'f;, cfly{s gf]s;fgl tyf s/lj!% k ltzt lj/fdlsf] d[to' csfndf x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgf x'g5. ljzj :jf:yo ;+u7gsf] k ltj]bgdf pnn]v ep cg';f/ l8k ]zgaf6 kll8t JolQmsf] pkrf/ vr{sf] nflu! 8n/ nufgl u/]sf] v08df o;af6 $ 8n/ a/fj/sf] ptkfbstj lbg5 egg] cf+sng 5. To;}n] xf]nf 8An'=Pr=cf]= n] ljzje/lsf cfkm\gf!&$ ;b:o /fi6'x df of] ;fnsf] ljzj :jf:yo lbj;sf] gf/f l8k ]zgsf] jf/]df hfgf} / v'n]/ s'/f u/f} + -n]6\; 6s l8k ]zg_ eg]/ ljlegg sfo{qmdsf ;fy dgfo{ /fv]sf] 5. h;/l xfdl cgo zf/ll/s /f]ux h:t} An8k ]z/, ;'u/, SofG;/sf] af/]df rrf{ u5f} +, Ps cfk;df s'/fsfgl u5f} + 7Ls To:t} lsl;dn] l8k ]zg / cgo dfgl;s /f]ux sf] af/]df klg ;j{;fwf/0fdf hfgsf/l x'g,' s'/fsfgl x'g' h?/l b]lvg5. olb cfkm'nfo{ l8k ]zg nfu]sf] h:tf] efg epdf cfkm\gf] dgsf] s'/f cfkm'n] ljzjf; ug]{ JolQm;+u s'/fsfgl ug'{xf];\ cyf{t\ dgsf] s'/f kf]vg'xf];\. o;f] ubf{ dg xn'sf x'g ;S5. s'g} :jf:yosdl{, 8fS6/ jf dgf];fdflhs sfo{stf{ hf] glhs 5, ;Dks{ ug'{xf];\. pxffx n] ;xl ;Nnfx, ;lx 7fp+ jf ljz]if1sf]df hfg] ;Nnfx lbg'x'g5. cfkm'nfo{ dg nfug] jf ul//x]sf] sfd s'/f ul//xg'xf];\. cfkmgt jf ;fylx sf] ;+;u{df a:g'xf];\. lgoldt?kdf yf]/} ep klg Jofofd / lxf88'n ul//xg'xf];\. lgodlt vfgkfg / ;'Tg] afglnfo{ sfod /fvg'xf];\. hf+8/s;l jf s'g} nfu'kbfy{ ;]jg gu/f}+, o;f] ubf{ l8k ]zg emg RofKg ;S5. olb cfkm\gf] lhgbul g} a]sf/ epsf] dxz'; ep/ cftdxtof ;DaGwL ;f]+r cfo/x]df j/k/ s;};fu ;xof]u lng'xf];\. o;sf] nflu ;xof]u lng lq=lj=lzif0f c:ktfn, dfgl;s :jf:yo ljefucgtu{t x6nfo{g (*$))@!^)) kmf]gdf s'/f ug{ ;Sg'x'G5. clg of] ofb u/f}+ sl ;xl ;xof]u kfpdf l8k ]zg lgsf] x'g5. of] klg ofb u/f}+ sl l8k ]zgsf] nflu pknaw a}1flgs tyoaf6 k'li6 eo;s]sf] c;/bf/ cfw'lgs cf}ifwlsf] ;]jg tyf dgf]k/fdz{ l8k ]zg pkrf/sf] clegg c+u xf]. h;sf] k of]un] l8k ]zgsf nif0fx af6 s]xl xktfdf g} cf/fd dxz'; u/fpfb5, sfd ug{ hf+u/ knfpf5, lggb f, ef]s hfu]/ cfp+5 tyf hljgk lt ;sf/ftds ;f+]r ptkgg u/fp+b5. g]kfnsf] n] :jf:yonfo{ hgtfsf] df}lns xssf]?kdf :yflkt ul/;s]sf] ;Gbe{df / g]kfnsf] :jf:yo n] klg ;a} g]kfnl gful/sx 8An'=Pr=cf]= sf] :jf:yosf] kl/efiff cg'?k zf/ll/s, dfgl;s / ;fdflhs / efjgftds?kdf :jf:yo /xl ptkfbgzln / u'0f:t/lo hljg ofkg ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\ egg] efjl ;f]+r -lehg_ /fv]af6 klg o; jif{sf] gf/f æl8k ]zgsf] jf/]df hfgf} / v'n]/ s'/f u/f}+æ clxn] xfd f] d'n'ssf] nflu ;d;fdols b]lvg5. bz jif{ egbf nfdf] ;dob]lv /fhgllts, cl:y/tf, /f]huf/lsf] nflu o'jfx sf] 7"nf] lx:;f ljb]z knfog, hgdfg;df a[4 a'9fa'9lsf] a9\bf] lx:;f, ul/al, j]/f]huf/ tyf cjoa:ylt ;x/ls/0f, 3/]n' tyf n}+lus lx+;f, ;fdflhs lje]b, e'sdk h:tf k fs[lts ljklqsf] sf/0f wghgsf] Ifltn] lgdtofpsf] kl8f cfbl h:tf sf/0fn] g]kfndf l8k ]zgaf6 kll8tsf] ;+Vof a9\b} upsf] cg'ej ul/psf] 5. dfgl;s tyf dgf];fdflhs ;d:ofaf6 kll8t afnaflnsf, lszf]/lszf]/l, k hgg\ pd]/ ;d'xsf dlxnf, u[x0fl dlxnfx, lk58f JolQm tyf ;d'bfo a9l hf]lvddf /x]sf] x'gfn] /fi6'n] To:tf JolQm jf ;d'bfonfo{ s]gb ljgb'df /fvl k jw{gftds tyf lg/f]wftds sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ / l8k ]zgaf6 kll8tnfo{ ;j{;'ne?kdf b]zsf] k To]s k fylds :jf:yo s]gb, lhnnf tyf c+rn c:ktfnx df g} ;]jf pknaw u/fpg /fhon] ;do ;fk]if plrt sfo{qmd agfo{ ttsfn nfu' ug'{kg]{ b]lvg5. af:tjdf dfgl;s :jf:yosf] If]qdf /fli6'o ah]6 a[l4 u/l dfgl;s :jf:yo ;d:ofsf] /f]syfd, pkrf/ / k'g:yfkgf sfd ug{ ;lsof] eg] To;n] lglzrt?kdf JolQm, kl/jf/ / /fi6'sf] ptkfbstj a9fp+b5. l8k] zg klg dfgl;s :jf:yo ;d:of dwo]sf] Ps k d'v /f]u epklg pkrf/ gu/]df l8k ]zg 3fts x'g ;Sb5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;lx pkrf/n] w]/}sf] d'xf/df d':sfg kmsf{pg ;lsg5. cfhsf] ljzj :jf:yo lbj;n] xfdl ;j}df of] /f]u k ltsf] ;sf/ftds ;f]+r ljsf; / r]tgf ldnf];\ egg] sfdgf ug{ k ltlqmofsf] nflum ojhasp@yahoo.com -of] n]v ljzj :Jff:Yo lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df clk n & ut]_ sflgtk'/ /fli6'o b}lgsdf k sfzg epsf] xf]. n]vssf] cg'dltdf pqm n]vnfo{ ;fef/ u/l k sfzg ul/psf] xf]._ à

14 14 j}b]lzs /f]huf/n] ;[hgf u/]sf dgf];fdflhs c;/x b'uf{ e /fo{ ;nf{xl, dgf]k/fdz{stf{ dgf]k/fdz{ JolQmsf dgsf kl8f, tgfj Pj+ ck7\of/f efjgfx nfo{ ;xh?kdf ;xg ug{ tyf ;xof]u ug{ ;xof]u ul/g] dgf]j}1flgs ljwl xf]. dgf]k/fdz{ JolQmut tyf ;d'xdf k bfg ug{ ;lsg5. pxl vfnsf] ;d:ofdf k/]sf JolQmx nfo{ pglx sf] cg'/f]wsf cfwf/df ;d'xdf lbog] dgf]k/fdz{nfo{ ;fd'lxs dgf]k/fdz{ elgg5. d}n] j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf sf/0fn] dgdf kl8f k/]sf tyf tgfj dx;'; ul//x]sf JolStnfO{ dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jf k bfg ug]{ sfd ub}{ cfo{/x]sl 5'. o;/l dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jf k bfg ubf{ d]/f] e]6 b'o{ lsl;dsf JolQm tyf kl/jf/;+u x'g] ub{5. klxnf] vfnsf ljb]lzg] JolQmsf 3/kl/jf/;+u / bf]; f] rflxf ljb]zaf6 ljljw ;d:ofx ef]u]/ kms]{sf JolQm tyf ltgsf kl/jf/x ;+u d}n] sfd ug]{ ub{5'. o;/l JolQm / kl/jf/;+u e]6 xf'bf d}n] pglx sf] tgfasf] ; f]tx nfo{ glhs} af6 lgofng] df}sf kfpsl 5'. kl/jf/sf] d'vo ;b:o j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hffbf j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg] JolQm / pgsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox sf] dg tyf efjgfdf kf/ljf/ls tyf ;fdflhs sf/0fx n] ubf{ ck7\of/f] dx;'; tyf tgfa ;[hgf epsf] x'g5. pglx sf] tgfjsf] ; f]tnfo{ s]nfpfbf tgfasf ; f]tx o:tf e]l6psf lyp. ljb]z k7fo{lbg] jfxfgfdf :jb]zdfg} 7uLdf kg'{, Ph]06 tyf d]gkfj/ sdkgln] k};f / kf;kf]6{ z'?df g}+ lng] t/ ljb]z k7fpg] ldlt ;fl//xg'. cfkmgt / ;fyl efo{sf] nxnx}df nfu]/ ljb]lzg', t/ ljb]z k'u]kl5 eg]sf] h:tf] sfd / tna gkfpg'. vr{ / cfdbfglsf] lx;fa lstfa gul/sg} ljb]z hfg'. :jb]zdf :jf:yo kl/if0fdf c;kmn epklg Ph]06sf] nnfo{ kmsfo{df k/]/ em'sofp/+ bnfnn] j}b]lzs /f]huf/df k7fpg'. rsf]{ Aofhb/df C0f lnp/ 3/ huuf agbsldf /fv]/ ljb]z hfg'. w]/} k};f sdfpg] nf]edf k/l ljb]zdf sfd ul//x]sf] sdkgl 5f]8]/ cgoq} sfd ug'{. ;d:ofdf k/]/ cyjf hfgla'eml 3/ kl/jf/sf] ;Dks{df g/xg'. ljb]z upsf] JolQm ljljw ;d:ofdf k/]/ 3/ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox nfo{ /f]o{ s/fo{ ul/ kmf]g ug'{. ljb]z upsf]] JolQmn] ;dod} k};f gk7folbg'. sdfpg upsf] JolQm h]ndf kg'{. lb3{ /f]ul ep/, ckfëtf ep/ cyjf dfgl;s ;Gt'ng u'dfp/ g]kfn kms{g'. sdfpg upsf] JolQm ljb]zdfg} a]kqf x'g' ljb]zdf g} d[to' epsf] sf/0fn] / ;dodfg} nf; g]kfn gcfo{k'ug'. >Ldfg\ lab]z upkl5 >LdtLnfO{ 3/ kl/jf/ tyf cfkmgtx n] z+sf ug'{, em'6f cf/f]k nufpg', s'6lk6 tyf ufnl unf}h ug{'. ljb]z upsf] 5f]/fsf] pt} d[to' x'g', otf a'xf/lklg cnu} a:g] ug'{, Ifltk"tL{ afkt kfpsf] k};f nfo{ lnp/ ;f; ;;'/f / a'xf/l lar dgd'6fj ;'? e} em} emu8fsf] ;'?jft x'g'. ;du df egg' kbf{ lab]lzg] JolQm tyf ltgsf kl/jf/nfo{ tgfa x'g] k d'v ; f]tx df sdhf]/ cfly{s ca:yf, ;'/lift cfk jf;gsf] jf/]df ;"rgfsf] kx'r gx'g", k nf]egdf kg' { -Ph]06, d]gkfj/ / cfkmgtaf6_, a}b]lzs /f]huf/sf l;nl;nfdf lab]zdf upsf >LdtLnfO{ Jojxfl/s, kfl/jfl/s / ;fdflhs?kdf x]g]{ unt b[li6sf]0f / Joaxf/ g} xf]. h;n] k ToIf tyf ck ToIo?kdf ljb]lzg] JolQm tyf ltgsf kl/jf/df tgfa lbo{ /fv]sf] x'g5 h;sf] c;/sf] sf/0fn] pglx df dgf];fdflhs ;d:of b]lvpsf] x'g5. dgf]k/fdz{stf{ epsf]n] d}n] pglx sf] dgsf] ck7\of/f, kl8f, tgfj cflb /fd f];fu ;'gl pglx nfo{ dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jf k bfg ub}{ cfpsl 5'. à

15 15 ;fylx sf] Jojxf/af6 dg b'vbf dw' ljnf; vgfn ljbfno dgf]ljb\ Æ Zofd siff ( df k9\g] 5fq x'g\. pgl k9fodf 6f7f lyp. pgl Ps lbg ljbfno hfg] qmddf siff!) sf ljbfyl{x n] af6f]df c]fo t}n] cfh vfhf s] NofPsf] 5;\ eg]/ vfhf vf];]/ vfo lbp. ef]lnkn6b]lv tl ljbfyl{x n] pgsf] emf]nf vf]tn]/ vfhf vfolbg] u/]. ;w} vfhf vf];]/ vfolbg] u/]kl5 pgn] vfhf Nofpg 5f8]. Tof] lbgdf klg pglx n] pgsf] emf]nf vf]tn] / vfhf gkfpkl5 ltglx n] pgnfo{ lg3f{t lk6] / emf]nf ;d]t kmflnlbp. Tolt dfq} gu/]/ pgsf afa' wfdl epsf] x'fbf wfdl h:t} u/l ;a} ;fylx sf] cufl8 sfdg nufp. ;fylx sf] cufl8 pgsf] a]ohht u/]. To;lbg b]lv Zofd :s'n hfg dfg]gg\. slt k of; ubf{ klg :s'n upgg\ / cflv/ Tolt 6f7f ljbfyl{n] k9fo g} 5f8]. Æ 3/b]lv ljbfno ;Ddsf] s'g} klg 7fpFdf afnaflnsfx nfo{ pglx sf] lrq b'vg] u/l xf]rofpg], luhofpg], xf;l dhfssf] kfq agfpg], ufnl a]ohht ug]{, OR5f ljkl/t s'g} klg k sf/sf] Jojxf/ ug{ bjfj lbg] vfnsf Jojxf/ ;fyl ;fyl tyf dflynnf] siffsf ljbfyl{x af6 eo/x]sf] x'g ;S5. o:tf lv;l6\o'/lk'0f{ Jojxf/n] afnaflnsfx sf] dgdf lgss} ulx/f] rf]6 k'lu/x]sf] x'g ;S5. dgf]j}1flgsx af6 ul/psf] cwoogdf!@!* jif{;ddsf lszf]/lszf]/lx df x/]s # hgfdwo]! hgfn] o:tf] ;d:of dxz'; u/]sf] kfopsf] 5 1. o:tf ;d:ofx sltko afnaflnsfx n] lzifs tyf cleefjs s;};fu klg egg ;ls/x]sf x'b}gg\. lv;l6\o"/lhgo Jojxf/x ;d'x tyf JolQmut b'a} k sf/ x'g ;S5g\. ;d'xdf x'g] lv;l6\o"/l ljz]ifu/l dfwolds :t/sf ljbfyl{df a9l kfog5. of] nfdf] ;do;dd x'g] u/]sf] kfog5 eg] JolQmut?kdf x'g] lv;l6\o"/l h'g;'s} :t/sf afnaflnsfx df klg x'g ;S5. ;d'xdf x'g] lv;l6\o'/l zf/ll/s / efjgftds b'j}vfnsf] x'g ;S5. JolQmn] k ToIf klg dx;'; ug{ ;S5 eg] cfhef]nlsf] hdfgfdf OG6/g]6sf] dfwodaf6 klg x'g ;S5. o:tf] lv;l6\o'/l w]/}h;f] ljbfnosf] v]nd}bfg, k fy{gf ;do, k of]uftds siffsf]7f, siffsf]7f, :s"n a;, ljbfno hfg] cfpg] jf6f]df sxl klg b]lvg] u5{. JolQmut lv;l6\o"/l rflxf Pshgfn] csf]{af6 dx;'; ug]{ ;d:of xf]. of] JolQmut / OG6/g]6 b'j} dfwodaf6 zf/ll/s / dfgl;s b'j} vfnsf] x'g ;S5. o:tf Jojxf/x siffsf]7f, 1 National Center of education statistic \jfOn]6====cfbL 7fpFdf klg x'g ;S5. zf/ll/s lv;l6\o"/l M h:t} ws]ng], lxsf{pg], lrdf]6\g], skfn tflglbg], y'sg], nfqfn] lxsf{pg], hgfj/sf] h:tf] Jojxf/ ug{ nufpg], vfhf vf];]/ vfolbg], ljlegg gsf/ftds gssn ug{ nufpg]=====cfbl. To;}u/L efjgftds lv;l6\o"/ldf xf]rofpg], Joª\UofTds l6kk0fl ug]{, pkgfd /fvg], lh:sofpg], xff:o kfq agfpg], j]jf:tf ug]{, ufnl a]ohhtl ug]{, bf]if nufpg], ;fyl ;fylsf] alrdf emu8f u/folbg] === cfbl. o:tf] k sf/sf] lv;l6\o"/l k fom k ToIf / JolQmut?kdf x'g] u5{. ;fdflhs ;+hfnx dfk{mt klg o:tf Jojxf/x x'g] ub{5g\. o:tf] vfnsf lv;l6\o"/ldf kl8sn] cfˆgf] klxrfg n'sfpg ;Sg] epsf]n] kll8tdf c? a9l dfgl;s qf; k}bf x'g ;S5. Jojxf/hGo ;d:of cfpg'sf] k5fl8 cfk"megbf dflysf bfh' lbblsf] Jojxf/af6 x'g] l;sfo{, gssn, abnfsf] efjgf, c?nfo{ lh:sofp/ cfggb lng] :jefj h:tf s'/fx lv;l6\o"/lhgo Jojxf/x sf d'vo sf/0fx sf]?kdf b]lvg5g\. k fo dflynnf] siffsf ljbfyl{x n] tnnf] siffsf ljbfyl{x nfo{ o:tf] Jojxf/ a9l dfqfdf ug]{ u/]sf] kfog5. ljz]ifu/l lgdg dfwolds txsf jf ^, &, * siff;ddsf ljbfyl{x n] o:tf] ;d:ofsf] a9l dx;'; ug]{ u/]sf] cwoogdf kfog5. lv;l6\o"/lhgo Jojxf/sf] sf/0f afnaflnsfx df cftdljzjf;df sdl x'fb} hfg], c?k lt lazjf; sd x'fb} hfg], dg gkg]{ s'/fx Jojxf/x jf/] k i6;fu egg] Ifdtfdf sdl cfpfb} hfg], cfqmf]zsf] efjgf a9\g] / l/; lgogq0f ug{ ufx«f] x'g] tyf cfk"mnfo{ c?af6 PSNofpg vf]hg] PSn} a:g?rfpg] h:tf ;d:ofx b]lvg ;S5g\. t/ afnaflnsfx n] dxz'; ug{ ;Sg] t/ afnaflnsfx n] ;xh} Jotm ug{ g;sg] ;d:ofx sf] klxrfg ug]{ / afnaflnsfx nfo{ ;xof]u ug]{ rng xfdlsxff sd} kfog5. afnaflnsfx n] cg'ej ug{ ;Sg] o:tf ;d:ofx sf] Aoj:yfkgsf]?kdf /f]syfdsf pkfox, JolQmut tyf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u tyf cleefjs dgf]lziffsf lqmofsnfksf] ;fy;fy} hljgpkof]ul lziff Pj+ afn ;+/If0fsf lqmofsnfkx df hf]8 lbg' kb{5. lzifs ljbfyl{df lv;l6\o"/l jf/] r]tgf a9fpg] h;sf nflu siffsf]7fdf lv;l6\o'/lhgo Jojxf/sf] af/]df 5nkmn ug]{ ug{ ;lsg5. To;}u/L lv;l6\o"/l, o;sf] c;/, o:tf Jojxf/ x'g] ;Sg] 7fpF tyf s;/l ;r]t /xg] egg] tl/sfsf] af/]df 5nkmn ug]{ tyf lv;l6\

16 16 o"/l epdf ljbfnodf s;nfo{ egg] eg]/ pglx nfo{ a'emfpg'sf] ;fy} ljbfnodf ljbfyl{sf] u'gf;f] ;'Gg] lzifssf] :ki6 Joj:yf ug]{ ug'{ kb{5. lv;l6\o"/lsf] ;d:ofsf sf/0f ljbfyl{sf] dgdf kg]{ c;/nfo{ sd ug]{ lqmofsnfkx ;+rfng ug]{ Pj+ Joltmut dgf]k/fdz{sf] Joj:yf klg ug{' kb{5. kl8s / kll8t b'j};fu a;]/ o:tf] Jojxf/ lsg ug{x'fb}g, o:tf] Jojxf/nfO{ s;/l sd ug]{, s;}n] o:tf] Jojxf/ u/]df s;/l k lt/f]w ug]{ h:tf ljifodf klg 5nkmn u/fpg ;lsg5. ;fyl;fyldf /fd f] Jojxf/ ldqtf a9fpg] vfnsf lqmofsnfkx u/fpg], ldqtf a9fpg] vfnsf ;Lkx l;sg d2t ug{ ;lsg5. o:tf] ;d:of cg'ej ug]{ ljbfyl{x nfo{ ;d'x / JolQmut b'j} vfnsf] dgf]k/fdz{sf] ;xof]u k bfg ug{ ;lsg5. ljz]ifu/l dgf]k/fdz{sf] ;];gdf o:tf] Jojxf/ epdf s;/l k lt/f]w ug]{, cftdan s;/l a9fpg], kl/ lrgtf 8/nfO{ s;/l sd ug]{ h:tf lqmofsnfkx u/fpg' kb{5. cleefjs, ;d'bfo, lzifs, ljbfyl{ ;a}df r]tgf a9fpg] vfnsf lqmofsnfkx klg ;Fu;Fu} u/fpg' clt cfjzos x'g5. à dfgl;s /f]u k efljtx sf] ;zqmls/0f k lqmof k/dk/fut r]tgf:t/ -z"?df_ dfgl;s /f]u e'tk ]t, b]jl b]ptfsf] >fk / kfkn] nfu5 egg] 7fGYof}+, dfq k"hfcfhf / efsn uyof}+{. pkrf/df egbf cf/f]k / nfg5gfdf w]/} ;do vr{ u5f}{. goff ;+/rgf / gof ;+;f/ k efljtx nfo{ a' g] 5'6} t/ k efjsf/l ;+/rgf agfp5g\. hxff dfgl;s la/fdln] klg OHht;fy afrg kfpg]5g\ / ljsf; ug]{ cj;/ kfpg]5g\. cfjfh p7fpg] / ;+u} sfd ug]{ ;+/rgf lgdf{0f x'g5. of] k eflatx sf] lgldt 5'6} ;+;f/ xf]. of] goff ;+;f/ xf]. 9'nd'n] r]tgf:t/ s'/f a'em]sf] x'g5 t/ a'em] cg';f/ Jojxf/ ug{ ;s]sf] x'b}g. slxn] wfdlemfqml t slxn] 8fS6/;Fu hfg5g\, slxn] otf / slxn] ptf ubf{ub}{ ;do / ;DklQ aaf{b u5{g\. s'/f 7'nf] ug]{ la/fdl lgsf] epsf] x'b}g, s;}sf] lazjf; ub}{gg\. vfnl la/f]w / c;gt'li6 dfq ;'Gg' kg]{ x'g5. cfnf]rgftds r]tgf:t/ s'/f /fd /L a'e]msf] x'g5, wfdlemfqmlsf] hf+bf / 8fS6/sf]df hffbf ul/g] pkrf/af/] s]nfp/ x]g{ ;Sb5,. ;lx hfgsf/l kfpsf] x'g5, /f]usf] zf/ll/s tyf ;fdflhs sf/0fx a'e]m/ dfq cufl8 a9\5g\ pkrf/df b[9 x'g5g\. s;}sf] axsfpdf dfq nfub}gg\. ;' ;'lrt x'g5g\. goff ;DaGw / gf}nf] ;+:sf/ ;/sf/ nufotsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx ;Fu ;DaGw ljsf; x'g5, dfgl;s :jf:yonfo{ ;femf ;jfnsf]?kdf lnp/ o;af6 k efljtnfo{ x]g]{ goff ;f]rsf] ljsf; x'g5. of] ;fdflhs ;d:of klg xf], o;af6 k eflatx nfo{ x]nff xf]og,clwsf/ lbg] ;+:sf/sf] ljsf; x'g5. lbuf] pkrf/sf nflu /fhosf] k rlnt clwsf/;fu hf]8\5g\ goff b[li6sf]0f dfgl;s /f]u s] xf]< of] /f]u nfu]/ b'mv kfpsfx sf] nflu xfdl goff larf/ / goff ;f]r lbg ;S5f}+. gf}nf] / e/kbf]{ ljrf/ Û ;r]t dfg5] ca xfdl k'/ftg ;f]rsf] dfg5] xf]ogf}+, s] 7Ls / s] a]7ls 5'6\ofpg ;S5f}+. /fd /L a' g] goff k':tf xf}+.

17 17 Psychosocial need assessment study in earthquake affected schools in Bhaktapur, Lalitpur and Kathmandu districts Abstract: Mahat, P 1 ; Khanal, M.B Nepal experienced two major earthquake on 25 th April and 12 th May, 2015 and with many aftershocks. It has caused significant damage in life and physical structures (houses, schools, bridge, temple etc). Children who represent 42% of national population have suffered unimaginable trauma and loss. 1 The scale of destructions and consequential needs are documented on Post Disaster Need Assessment (PDNA) conducted by Government of Nepal. PDNA raised the issue of potentially disastrous consequences of earthquake on protection of women and children. Another study was conducted by CCWB and Ministry of Federal and Local Affairs Development (MoFALD) and other organizations jointly to assess risk and effect of earthquake in children, the most vulnerable group in disaster situation. Present study conducted to assess psychosocial need of the children affected by earthquake where there was heavy damage school buildings and community houses three districts- Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur. School from Lalitpur were focused from remote part while schools from two other districts were covered in urban area. A total of 45 schools were selected from where 1602 school children, 509 school teachers and 282 parents were involved in the collection of their response using structured focus group discussion (FGD) guidelines in three districts. Findings revealed children had experienced high level of fear of next earthquake and increased worry of future and study. Based on students information in FGD children often reported fear of next earthquake (75.7%), feeling jumpy and startled reaction (75%), concentration problems (75%), Increased irritability and anger spells (75%), loss of interest in study (71%), aches and pain symptoms (68%), sleep difficulty (67%) and clinging behaviours (65%). Children from Lalitpur reported higher amount of symptoms in the checklist than other two districts. It was further supported from the information of teachers and parent as well. Both teachers and parent were also affected from earthquake where there was loss of family member, damage of houses and loss of property. However teachers and parent were trying to cope keeping themselves in busy at work while children try to cope being with adult, sharing and play with friends, watching TV, listening radio and music etc. There is increased risk for depression, anxiety and PTSD following the symptom checklist responses from both children and parent. Even though children and adult are trying to cope the situation with available means of support at community and school level, because of underlying risk for potential mental health problems it is recommended to have psychosocial support mechanism in schools through empowering teacher and health service system in psychosocial support and mental health services. It is also important for the sustainability of first phase psychosocial support responses in the schools. à 1 Mahat Pashupati & Khanal Madhu Bilash, CMC-Nepal, April 2016

18 18 dgsf] rf}tf/l lji0f' k ;fb k hfklt dfgl;s :jf:yo ;+of]hs, ;L=Pd=;L g]kfn klxnf] JolQm M gd:sf/ efph", cf/fd} x'g' x'g5 < bf]>f] JolQm M cf/fd} 5', clg afa' af6f] la/fpg' eof] ls s;f] < cfh t otf kf] b]v5' t < klxnf] JolQm M xf] efph", tkfo{x nfo{ g} e]6\g eg]/ cfpsf]. vf]o{ t dfo{nf bfo{ < bf]>f] JolQm M cf pt} ;;'/fnl lt/ hfg'epsf] 5. lsg / < e]6\g' kg]{ s]xl sfd lnp/ cfpg' epsf] xf] ls < klxnf] JolQm M cf tkfo{;+u} s'/f ubf{ lg x'g5. clg vf]o{ t sfg5l 5f]/L < bf]>f] JolQm M dfdf 3/ upsl 5]. klxnf] JolQm M sfg5lnfo{ tkfo{x n] 3/af6 aflx/} k7fpg' epsf] 5}g /] < sfg5lsf] dfgl;s cj:yf klg 7Ls 5}g egg] ;'G5'. To;}n] s] xf] egg] a'em\g cfpsf] d t < bf]>f] JolQm M xf] t afa'. d t ;fx } lbss eo ;s]+. s] ug]{ xf]nf. s]xl u/]/ klg 7]ufg nfpg ;lspg af. klxnf] JolQm M ;ffrr} s] s] x'g5 sfg5lnfo{ < bf]>f] JolQm M v} s] egg' < /ftlbg cfkm" klg ;'ltbg, c?nfo{ klg ;'Tg lbpsl g} x}g. hlxn] klg p cfof] cfof], dnfo{ dfg{ cfof] egb} vf6 d'lg n'sg hfg5]. slxn] /fte/l g} ;'ltbgg\. slxn] sflxf t dnfo{ dfg{nfo{ pglx s'/f ub}{/x]5g\ eg]/ TotLs} ufnl kf] u/l/x]sl x'g5]. klxnf] JolQm M sf]xl dfg5] ;fflrs} cfpsf x'g t efph' < bf]>f] JolQm M sxff x'g' lg < xfdl otfptl x]g{ uof}+ eg] sf]lx dfg5] b]vb}gf}+. p;n] rflxf s] b]v5] s] ;'G5], s] xf] s] xf] < klxnf] JolQm M o; afx]s c? klg s]lx elg5g\ sl < bf]>f] JolQm M sxff gegg' afa'. c:ktfn hfpf egbf dnfo{ s] epsf] 5 / < hfgg. ltdlnfo{ g} /f]u nfu]sf] 5, ltdl g} hfpm g c:ktfn eg5]. slxn] sflx t gfë} h+unlt/ s'b\5], af6fdf hf] ;+uklg emu8f u5]{. clg afa' o;n] cfˆg} bfh'efph"nfo{ klg b]lv ;xgg. klxnf] JolQm M s] pgl z+sfn' klg l5g\ < bf]>f] JolQm M cf efph"n] ksfpsf] vfgf klg vfflbg, dnfo{ laif xfn]/ dfg{ vf]hof, d vfb} vfgg eg]/ yfn 3f]K6\ofO{ lbg5]. klxnf] JolQm M pgsf] dg s:tf] 5 t < bf]>f] JolQm M dg g/dfo{nf] nfubf] xf] ls s'ggl, slxn]sflx t sf]lx;+u klg af]lnbg, s'g} a]nf t 3/L3/L PSn} xfl;/xg5]. crdd nfu5 afa', slxn]sflx Psbd v';l x'g5], gfr5], ufp5] egof. t]>f] JolQm M gd:sf/ afa', cfh otf < klxnf] JolQm M gd:sf/ dfonf bfo. bf]>f] JolQm M P tkfo{ cfo{ k'ug' ef] dfo{nf bfo{ < t]>f] JolQm M cfpf. klxnf] JolQm M clg bfo{ stf k'u]/ < t]>f] JolQm M plx t xf] lg, ;;'/fnl. sfg5l 5f]/LnfO{ k' ofp/ cfpsf]. klxnf] JolQm M lsg lg < 5f]/LnfO{ dfdf3/ /fv]/ cfpg' eof] < t]>f] JolQm M s] ug'{ s[i0f], To;n] ubf{ t of] ufpfdf al;g;sg' eof]. aflx/ hf] ;'s} ep klg nfh} gdfgl lb;flk;fa ul/lbg5], c?nfo{ ufnl ug]{, emu8f ug]{ u5]{. clg afa' o;sf s'/f t a' g} ufxf] x'g5. lbg xf];\ of /ft aflx/ s'b\b} hfg5]. cfkm" sxff upf yfxf 5}g. x}/fg u/l, To;}n] b; kgw lbg pt} /fvf}+ eg]/. klxnf] JolQm M 5f]/LnfO{ dfdf3/ /fvb}df ol nif0fx x/fpfb}gg\ lg dfo{nf bfo{. bf]>f] JolQm M ca t 5f]/L 7"nL eo{, lax] ug]{ a]nf klg eof], a? b; kgw lbg dfdf3/df nfg' clg c?n] yfxf kfpb}gg\ egl tlg3/] sfg5fn] eg]/ ;Nnfx lbpsfn] ToxL /fvg nu]sf] lg.

19 19 klxnf] JolQm M cf]xf] efph", o:tf] ;d:of epsf] a]nfdf t cf}iflw pkrf/ kf] ug'{k5{, lax] ul/lbp/ t ;d:of emg\ 7"nf] kf] x'g5 t. t]>f] JolQm M t d s] u?f < slt 3/df affw]/ /fv'f < slt wfdlemffqml b]vfpg'< slt b]jlb]jtfsf] k'hf ug'{ < of] e"t =====k ]t ======= klxnf] JolQm M cf]xf] bfo, o;/l afw]/ /fv]/ dfq ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'b}g lg. of] /f]usf] klg cf}iflw pkrf/ kfog5 lg. of] t e"t k ]t, b]ljb]jtf nfu]/ x'g] klg xf]og lg. clg of] wfdlemffqmln] dfq} lgsf] x'g] /f]u klg xf]og. d t wfdlemfqmlnfo{ klg o:tf] ;d:of epsf dflg;x b]v]df :jf:yo ;+:yfx df b]vfpg' k5{ egg] ;Nnfx lbg';\ egb} cfpsf] 5'. t]>f] JolQm M P ==== xf] / afa' < bf]>f] JolQm M clg of] cf}ifwln] g} lgsf] x'g5 t afa' < klxnf] JolQm M w]/}h;f] o:tf la/fdlx cf}ifwln] lgsf] epsf 5g\. s'g}s'g} la/fdlx h;n] lgoldt cf}ifwl vf+b}gg\, ltglx dfq} lgsf] gx'g ;S5g\. s;}s;}nfo{ lhgbule/ yf]/} dfqfdf cf}ifwl vfo{/xg' kg]{ klg x'g ;S5. bf]>f] JolQm M dnfo{ t yfx} lypg, cf}ifwln] klg lgsf] x'g5 egg] s'/f. To;f] ep t pkrf/ u/fpg nfg} knf{. t]>f] JolQm M o;sf] pkrf/ sxff kfo{g5 t afa' < klxnf] JolQm M olx ;'v]{t lhnnfdf klg pkrf/ kfog5 lg. ;'v]{t lhnnfsf] bz/yk'/ / ;fnsf]6 k fylds :jf:yo s]gb x df tflndk fkt :jf:yosdl{x x'g'x'g5 lg t. ;fy} olx If]lqo c:ktfndf klg o;sf] ;]jf kfog5 lg. oxffjf6 g;lsg] epdf g]kfnu~h jf sf7df08f}+ klg nfg ;lsg5. t]>f] JolQm M To;f] ep ef]ln g} 5f]/LnfO{ nu]/ c:ktfn nfg' knf{. klxnf] JolQm M w]/}h;f] dfgl;s c;gt'ngsf la/fdlx cf}ifwln] lgsf] eo{ ;fdfgo hljg latfpg ;S5g\. t/ o:tf la/fdlnfo{ cf}ifwl dfq v'jfp/ lgsf] x'g5 egg' untl x'g]5. o:tf la/fdlx nfo{ cf}ifwlsf ;fy ;fy} 3/ kl/jf/sf] dfof, ddtf, :g]xsf ;fy} ufpf l5d]ssf dflg;x n] la/fdl k lt ug]{ Jojxf/ klg /fd f] x'g' kb{5. bf]>f] JolQm M cfkm\g} ;Gtfgsf] klg dfof t s:nfo{ gxf]nf / < t/ klg ufpfdf aflx/ uof] ls t arrfx n] 9+'Ëfn] lxsf{pg] u5{g\ / af}nfxf egl lh:sfpf5g\. t]>f] JolQm M xfdl klg aflx/ hfg nfh nflu;sof] < klxnf] JolQm M xf] dfo{nf bfo{, la/fdl k ltsf] o:t} Jojxf/n] ubf{ g} s}og dfgl;s /f]usf nif0f epsf la/fdlx pkrf/ kl5 klg klxnfs} cj:yfdf k'u]/ ;8sdf gfë} lxl8/x]sf kfog5g\. To;}n] xfdl h:tf :jod;]jsx, lzifs lzlifsf, ;dfhsf ugodfgo JolQmx n] c? ga'em]sfx nfo{ a'emfpg' k5{. t]>f] JolQm M ;frr} afa' clxn] stf sfd ub}{ x'g' x'g5 lg < klxnf] JolQm M d t cgt/lge{/ ;dfhd} 5' lg. d}n] dfgl;s :jf:yosf] klg tflnd lnpsf] ep/ o;df klg :jod;]jssf]?kdf sfd ub}{5'. bf]>f] JolQm M v}, s'g rflxf hgddf kfk ul/p5, xfd } kl/jf/df of] /f]u b]vf kg'{ kg]{ < klxnf] JolQm M of] s'g} k"g{hgdsf] kfk, b]ljb]jtf, e"tk ]t cflbn] nfug] /f]u xf]o{g efph". of] t kf/ljfl/s em}eu8f, cfk;l cljzjf;, dfofddtfsf] sdl, afnofa:yfsf g/dfonf cg'ejx ;fy} hljgsf tgfjk"0f{ 36gfx h:t} M lk ohgsf] d[to', c;'/iff, a]/f]huf/l, cgofo, ul/jl cflb sf/0fn] kf] x'g5g\ t. t]>f] JolQm M c? /f]usf] sf/0fn] klg o:tf] ;d:of x'g ;S5 / < klxnf] JolQm M x'g5 lg lsg gx'g'. 6fpsf]df ulx/f] rf]6, 6\o"d/, 5f/] /f]u ;fy} d]lgghfol6;, OG;]kmnfOl6;, P8\;, SofG;/, hlg8;, 6fOkmfO8 h:tf /f]ux sf] pkrf/ ul/pg eg] klg s8f vfnsf] dfgl;s /f]u x'g ;S5. ;fy;fy} nfdf] ;do ;Dd vfg] cf}ifwlx h:t} M An8 k ];/, Ifo/f]u tyf cgo /f]usf cf}ifwlx n] klg slxn]sfxlf o:tf] x'g ;S5. bf]>f] JolQm M afa' tnnf3/] ;flxfnfsl a'xf/l t ;'Ts]/L kl5 PSn} xf:g], cfkm\gf] 5f]/f] t /fif; xf] o;n] xfd f] j+z gfz ug{ cfpsf] egb} em08} dfg{ nfuof /]. k]hdf_

20 20 lg/fzfkl5sf] cfzf /fd a/fn jifl{of d}gf lj=s=-gfd kl/jt{g_ nfo{ dn]l;ofdf /x]sf cfkm\gf >Ldfg\ j}b]lzs /f]huf/jf6 kms{g5g\ / ufpfd} ;'v b'mv u/l a;f}nf egg] ;kgf lyof]. >Ldfg\;Fu Ps jif{ egbf w]/} ;do latfpg gkfpsl pgn] >Ldfg\ cfpg] lbg ug]/ af6f] s'l//x]sl lyog\. >Ldfg\ cfpg'x'g5 clg 5f]/L / cfkm\gf] nflu v';lsf] lbg cfpf5 egg] ;kgf pgn] dge/l a'g]sl lyog\. df3!) ut] >Ldfgsf] d[to'sf] va/n] pgsf] tl ;a} ;kgfx phfl8of]. >Ldfg\;Fu kmf]g ubf{ 3/ cfpg] eg]kl5 5f]/Ln] afaf xh'/ cfpfbf dnfo{ /fd f] gfgf / w]/} v]nf}gf NofOlbg' eg]sl lyog\. 5f]/Lsf] OR5f cg';f/ lsgd]n ug{ lg:s]sf s[i0f axfb'/sf] -gfd kl/jt{g_ ;jf/l b'3{6gfdf k/]/ d[to' eof]. pgsf] 5f]/L;Fu kmf]gdf dfq s'/f x'gyof], pgn] 5f]/LnfO{ b]vg;dd kfpsf lypgg\ eg] 5f]/Ln] klg afafnfo{ b]vg kfpsl lyo{gg\. >Ldfg\sf] d[to'sf] va/n] pgsf] kl/jf/df 7"nf] ah kft k of]. d}gfn] >Ldfg, 5f]/Ln] cleefjs / afa'cfdfn] PSnf] 5f]/f u'dfp. 3/df ;xl g;sg' kl8f eof]. dg e/l kl8f lnp/ hljg latfo/xfbf d}gfn] a}b]lzs /f]huf/lsf qmddf ;d:of k/]df ;xof]u ug]{ ;'/lift cfk jf;g ;"rgf tyf k/fdz{ s]gb sfjf;f]tlsf] af/]df hfgsf/l kfo{g\. cj}wflgs?kdf dn]l;of a;]sf s[i0f axfb'/nfo{ g]kfn lkmtf{ ug{sf nflu d}gfn] ( ut] ;"rgf tyf k/fdz{ s]gb sfjf;f]tldf s]z btf{ ul/g\. pgsf] >Ldfgsf] d[to"sf] hfgsf/l kfpkl5 ;"rgf tyf k/fdz{ s]gb n] nf; g]kfn Nofpg kxn z'? u Dff g]kfn ;/sf/, >d tyf /f]huf/ dgqfno, j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefu, dn]l;of l:yt g]kfnl b'tfjf;, ;fdl x]ne]6f; :jl; O{G6/sf]ck/];g g]kfn / k jf;l g]kfnl ;dgjo ;ldltsf] ;xof]udf s[i0f axfb'/sf] nf; g]kfn cfo{k'uof]. ;fy} j}b]lzs /f]huf/ k j4{g af]8{ tyf ljdf sdkglaf6 Ifltk"lt{sf nflu kl=pg=;l=;l= sf] ;xhls/0fn]?= (,!&,))) -gf} nfv ;qxhf/?k}+of_ d}gf lj=s=n] k fkt ul/g\. >Ldfgsf] d[to' va/b]lv g} 6f]nfO{/xg] Psf]xf]/f] eo/xg] d}gfn] cfkm\gf nflu sf]xl 5}g h:t} dxz'z uly{g\. pgnfo{ lggb f nfub}gyof]. ;w}?g dg nfuyof], w]/}n] ;DemfP klg pgnfo{ PSnf] epsf] dx;'; x'gyof]. d}gfsf] o:tf] ;d:of yfxf kfo{;s]kl5 lxdfnog ;fd'bflos ljsf; d~r gjnk/f;lsf dgf]k/fdz{stf{ /fd a/fnn] dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jf lbg yfn]. klxnf] e]6df ljzjf;sf] jftfj/0f l;h{gfsf nflu kl/ro;fu} dgf]k/fdz{sf] p2]zo atfpg] sfd ul/of]. pgsf] kl8f tyf b'mvnfo{ JoQm ug{ ;do lbp/ kl8fn] pgsf] hljgdf k/]sf] c;/nfo{ s]nfp/ x]g{sf nflu pgnfo{ ;f]rg d2t ldng] vfnsf] k Zgx ub{} 5nkmn ul/of]]. pgsf] >Ldfgsf] d[to'sf] va/n] pgnfo{ nfu]sf] b'mv / 5f]/Lsf] eljionfo{ lnp/ Psn cfdfdf x'g] lrgtfsf] af/]df 5nkmn ul/psf] lyof]. o;/l pgsf] :jefljs lrgtfn] pgsf] eljionfo{ s;/l k efj kfg{ ;S5 egl pgnfo{ r'gf}tl dx;'; u/fpg] vfnsf k Zgx ul/psf] lyof]. ;fy} 5nkmndf ljlegg k Zgx ub{} pgnfo{ cftdlge{/ agfpg d2t ldng] lqmofsnfkx ;d]t dgf]k/fdz{sf] qmddf ul/psf] lyof]. o;/l ^ rf]6lsf] e]63f6kl5 lj:tf/} pgdf kl/jt{g b]lvg yfnof]. pgn] 5f]/Lsf] Vofn ug{ yflng\, 5f]/Lsf] 5fqj[lQsf] nflu lhnnf;dd PSn} lhnnf lziff sfof{nodf up/ a' g] sfd ul/g\ / 5fqj[ltsf] nflu kmf/d klg el/g\. lhnnf lziff sfof{no gjnk/f;ln]! dlxgf kl5 lg0f{o u/]kl5 dfq 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f ug]{ atfpsf] d}gf atfp+l5g\. ;fy} cfkm\gf] :jf:yosf] Vofn u/]sf], ;Lk l;sg k5{ / cfkm\gf] v' fdf cfkm} pleg' k5{ / ;dfhdf cfkm" pbfx/0f agg' k5{ egg] efjgfsf] ljsf; eo{ xfn b]p/fnl # lu?af/ldf /x]sf] ;Ltf l;nfo{ tflnd s]gb df l;nfo{s6fo{ tflnd lno{/x]sl l5g\. tflnd kzrft :yfglo ahf/df l;nfo{ s6fo{ jf 6]nl/Ë vf]ng] pgsf] of]hgf /x]sf] 5. à

21 21 cg'e"lt lxdfn u}/] sfo{qmd clws[t, ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfn b]lv ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] If]qdf k'jl{ tyf dwo g]kfnsf] s]xl lhnnfdf sfd ug{ kfpg' cfkm}df cj;/sf] s'/f lyof]. x'g t k'j{ tyf dwo g]kfnsf lhnnfx df sfd ug] { cj;/ klxn] gkfpsf] klg xf]og obkl ljgfzsf/l dxfe"sdk k5f8lsf] cj:yfdf sfd ug] { cj:yf h'g' { cfkm} +df km/s ;+of]u lyof]. tfsf d'n'sdf ågåsf] r/d cj:yfsf a]nf ågåsf] pb\ud :yn /f]nkfdf sfd ug{ kfpfbf d}n] r'gf}tl / cj;/ b'j} cg'ej u/]sf] lyp. ;+of]ujz clxn] e"sdksf] clt k efljt bf]nvf, cf]vn9'ëf / /fd]5fk lhnnfsf clt ljs6 $) uflj;x df sfd ug{ kfpfbf cfkm'nfo{ efuojfgl 7fg]sf] 5'. o; dfg]df ls, ;]jf ug{] cj;/ k fkt eof]. Sofl/o/sf] klxnf] c+zdf ågåsf] r/d cj:yfdf o'4 kll8t afnaflnsf / pglx sf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox nfo{ ;xof]u ug{] cj;/ kfpg' / csf]{ c+zdf d'n'snfo{ k fs[lts k sf]kn] lynf]lynf] agfpfbf To;af6 aflx/ lg:sgsf lgldt /fho / hgdfg;nfo{ ck7\of/f] kl/l:yltdf ;xof]ul xft x'g kfpg' dxtjk"0f{ ;+of]u lyof]. $) uflj;x dwo]sf] clt ljs6 nfdfau/ If]qaf6 ofqf cf/de u/l /fd]5fksf] uf]7ufpf xf 'b} cf]vn9'ëfsf] gj{b]zj/, o;d, /ugl, vlhlkmnf6], vlhlr08]zj/l uflj; ;Ddsf] em08} $) lbg] r'gf}tlk"0f{ ofqf l5rf]nb} /fhwfgl cfo{k'ubf d]/f] dfg;k6ndf cg]sf} + k Zgx sf] Hjf/ef6fx k ikm'l6t ep. ef}uf]lns, efiffut / ;+rf/sf r'gf}tlx sf afjh'b ofqf cljid/0flo agof] / Tof] egbf klg 7"nf] s'/f e"sdkaf6 k efljt kl/jf/k ltsf] x]/fo{df goff cfofdsf] >[hgf ep/ cfof]. Tof] cftdljzjf; / b[9 dgf]sf+iff lyof]. xfdl 6'6]sf xf} +, 9n]sf 5}gf} + egg] clejolqm k fom e"sdk k efljt kl/jf/sf gogn] b]vfpsf] efg dnfo{ eof]. /, csf{ lt/ /fhosf] pkl:ylt ;DemFbf lgs} pb]s nfuof]. æx] /fho ltdl oxff, b'/b/fhsf cefjdf 5f}+ sl 5}gf}+ < 5f}+ eg] ltd f] pkl:ylt cf}krfl/stfdf l;ldt klxnf] ls:tfsf] ljt/0f afx]s sxff 5 < nf}g\ ltd f] pkl:yltsf] dxz'; u/fp g.æ d df o:tf ;jfn hjfkmsf] dlitis dgyg ep. kqsfl/tfsf] /ut gzfdf ep/ klg xf]nf, o; ljifodf lhnnf l:yt lhnnf ljsf; ;ldlt -ca lhnnf ;dgjo ;ldlt_ / ;fljs uflj;sf] sfof{nosf k ltlglwx d]/f] dgdf ;+rf/ epsf Hjf/ef6fk"0f{ cg'e'ltx pglx ;dif /fvbf df}g x'g k'uby]. t/ d]/f] ToxfFsf k efljt kl/jf/sf] cftdljzjf; k lt uf}/j lyof]. ;nfd of]uo kf}/vl hgtfx /fho ljxlgtfsf] To; ;Ggf6fnfO{ lrb}{ d':sfg ;lxt kl8f e'nfpg k otg/t /xl cfkm\gf] af;:yfgsf lgldt ;lqmo /x]sf]df. # lhnnfsf $) uflj;x df dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k ToIf ;]jf k' ofpgsf lgldt & dgf]k/fdz{stf{ /!* dgf];fdflhs sfo{stf{ ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfn dfkm{t vl6psf lyp. dgf]k/fdz{stf{af6 x]l/psf % ;o $ ;]jfu fxl dwo] #@ k ltzt PghfO{6L -lrgtf_,!) k ltztdf s8f vfnsf] dfgl;s /f]u,!) k ltztdf l8k ];g eg] affsldf 5f/] /f]u, cf3ft kl5sf] tgfjhgo ;d:of -kl=l6=p;=8l_ / ljs[t tgfjhgo ;d:of egl lgbfg ul/psf] lyof]. tl dwo] clwsf+zsf] ;d:ofsf] sf/s ;fnsf] dxfe"sdk / To;kl5sf lgoldt k/fsdkgx lyp. dfly pnn]lvt dwo]df *( ;]jfu fxlsf] 3/ k'0f{?kdf eugfj]z kl/0ft epsf] lyof]. sfo{qmdsf] ;dfktl x'bf ;Dd (% k ltzt s]zx sf] ;kmntfk'j{s Joj:yfkg ul/psf] lyof] eg] % k ltzt s]zx nfo{ lg/gt/tfsf lgdtl :yflgo :jf:yo ;+:yfdf l/km/n ul/psf] lyof]. h:dwo] $) clt ljkgg ;]jfu fxlnfo{ ;L=Pd=;L=n] g} cf}ifwl k' ofpfb} cfpsf] 5. xfdl 6'6]sf dfq} xf}+, 9n]sf 5}gf}+ egg] efjgf ;fy /fho k bt Uof/]06L ul/psf] af;:yfgsf nflu lj/f6 x[bosf ;fy sfd ug]{ dgdf s]xl ep klg ;sf/ftds cfzf hufpg' /fhosf] dxtjk"0f{ lhdd]jf/l x'g cfpf5. cgoyf /fho k ltsf] ljzjf; u'd]/ hfg5 / To;nfO{ k'gm klxn]sf] cj:yfdf kmsf{pg c;dej k fom x'g ;S5. o;df ;a}sf] r]tgf xf];\. à

22 22 kl8fleqsf] v';l lgd{nf kl/of/ 7fs'/4f/ %, a]txgl, alb{of dflg;sf] hljg ;+w} Ps} lsl;dsf] sxf x'g5 / < olb Ps} lsl;dsf] eolbpsf] ep sf]xl dfgl;s /f]ul clg sf]xl ;dembf/ x'g] lypgg\ xf]nf. dflg;sf] hljg s'g df]8df sxf df]l8g5 s;}nfo{ yfxf g} x'b}g. eg5g hljg psfnl / cf]/fnlsf] af6f] xf] /] hxf ptf/ r9fa cfo{/xg5. sltko dflg;x cfkm\gf] ;'vsf nflu c?sf] b'mvdf klg /dfpg kl5 kb}{gg\. hljgsf] af6f]df grfx]/ klg PSn} ofqf ug'{ kbf]{ /x]5. ljzjf; u/]sf JolQmn] g} ljzjft3ft ubf{ /x]5g\, clg ljzjf;sf] cl:ttj sxf /xg5 / < xf] ;fyl xf] dlxnfnfo{ xfd f] ;dfhn] x/]s tl/sfaf6 kl5 kfl//x]sf] s'/f w]/} g egl /fvg' gknf{. sltko dlxnfx hfg]/ xf];\ of ghfg]/ Pp6f wf]sfsf] kfq x'g hfg5\g. s] dlxnfsf] c? s'g} sfd x'b}g / < kljq u Gydf dlxnfnfo{ wlt{ dftf elgg5, cgofodf n8\g] b'uf{ elgg5, t/ xfd f] ;dfhn] sltko cj:yfdf ltg} dlxnfx nfo{ ctofrf/sf] l;sf/ klg agfpf5g\. pglx nfo{ vkl g;sg' kl8f lbg5\g. lsg ahf/sf] v]nf}gf em}+ pgsf] hljg;fu v]lng5 < xf] log} cg'ej ef]u]sf d Pp6f g]kfnl dlxnf cfˆgf] hljgdf vkg g;s]sf] lttf cg'ej oxf x dfem /fvg vf]h]sf] 5'. d]/f] gfd lgd{nf xf]. d]/f] 3/ 7fs'/åf/f %, a]txgldf k5{. d jif{sl ep. clxn] siff!@ df cwoog ub}{5'. d]/f] hgd Pp6f ;fgf] ul/a kl/jf/df epsf] lyof]. hgd] kl5 x/]s dfg5]n] ;+w} cfkmgf] phhjn eljiosf] snkgf, xf ;f], /dfonf] clg v';l hljg latfp 5' eg]/ ;f]+rg] u5{g\ / d}n] klg oxl vf]h]sl lypf t/ d]/f] hljg cfh au/sf] dfeml h:t} epsf] 5. hljgdf cfdfa'afn] eg]sf] gdfgbf, aflx/sf g/fd f JolQmsf] s'/fdf kfm:bf cfh d]/f] hljg dg'{ g af Rg'sf] bf];ffwdf k'u]sf] 5. d cfh of] ;dfhdf Pp6f dfgl;s /f]ulsf]?kdf kl/lrt epsf] 5'. hljgdf ljjfx egg] s'/f ;of}+ hljg;dd ;Fu} eo/xg' / ;'v b'mv ;+u} ldn]/ affl8g5 eg]/ ul/g5. t/ sltko dfg5]n] ljjfxnfo{ klg s]xl lbgsf] v]nf}gf em}+ ;ldemg] u5{ / dlxnfx sf] lhgbul;fu v]ln/x]sf x'g5g. d klg o;}sf] l;sf/ epsl 5'. ljjfx t Ps csf{sf] efjgf a'em\g, ;'v b'mvdf ;fy lbgsf] nful ul/g5. t/ ;fg} pd]/df ljjfx u/]/ d cfh dfgl;s /f]ul ep/ hljg latfo/x]sl 5'. d}n] dg k/fp/ Ps hgf s]6f;+u k ]d ljjfx u/]+. t/ Tof] ljjfx g} d]/f] nflu d[to' ;/x x'g5 eg]/ s] yfxf < p;n] d;fu ljjfx s]lx lbgsf] :jfy{sf] nful u/]sf] kf] /x]5. lax] u/]sf] s]xl ;do kl5 >Ldfg\ tyf pgsf kl/jf/jf6 cgfjzos?kdf af]s;l nfuof] eg]/ s'6lk6 ug]{, efph'sf] cuf8l dnfo{ g/fd f] Jojxf/ ug]{, pg};fu zf/ll/s ;DaGw uf :g], dnfo{ ;+w} y/ly/lsf tgfa / rf]6 dfq lbo{ /fvg] sfd r/d ;Ldf ;Dd eof]. d}n] af]n]+ jf 5f]P eg] lk6\g] 3f l6 lyrg] ;Ddsf] kl8f lbg] sfd eof] / o:tf] kl/l:yltdf klg d]n} ;s] ;Dd ;x]/ p;fu hljg rnfpsl lyp tf sl d]/f] >Ldfg kl5 ;'lw g' x'g5 xf]nf. cfzf lnpsl lyp t/ emg lbg k lt lbg of] qmd a9\g yfnof]. kl5 kl5 p;n] dnfo{ 3f 6L lyr]/ dfg{ klg sf]l;; uof]{ t/ d}n] s;}nfo{ geg]/ cfkm} leq n'sfp. d cfkm' dlxnf ep/ >Ldfgsf] ;dfhdf abgfd g xf];\ eg]/ pgsf] ctofrf/ ;lx /x]+. pg}sf] nflu d d]/f] cfdfa'jfjf6 klg PlSnPsf] lyp. hlt kl8f lbfbf klg ;x]/ al;/xf] t/ slt lbg;dd b'mvdf /dfpg ;lsg5 / < g t nufpg] n'uf lbogyof], g t vfg] 3/ Jojxf/ ug]{ vr{ lbogyof]. la/fdl x' bf klg cf}ifwl pkrf/ ;d]t klg ul/ggyof]. clt c;xo epkl5 ca p;+u al:bg eg]/ ;fd'bflos d]nldnfk s]gb df ph'/l u/]+. Toxf xfdl b'a} hgfnfo{ ldnfoof], cab]lv o:tf] ulb{g eg]/ sfuh agfo{of]. t/ s's'/sf] k'r5/ afx jif{ 9'ª\u f]df /fv] klg afª\ufsf] afª\u} eg] h:t} km]l/ klg ddfly p:t} Jojxf/ x'g yfnof]. d Ps

23 23 lbg lj/fdl ep/ pkrf/ ug]{ eg]/ dfo{t up. s]lx lbg kl5 va/ kfp pxf n] cfˆgf] cfdfsf] c+snsf] 5f]/L hf] clxn] kgw jif{sf] eo{, ;ft siffdf k9\5] / p;sf] v' f klg ckf+u 5, p;nfo{ ljjfx u/]/ ;+u} lnp/ sfd ug{ adao{ upsf] 5. xfd f] Ps cfk;df af]nrfn klg lypg. ltg lbgkl5 ckf+u s]6lsf] bfo{n] dnfo{ kmf]g u/]/ ;Dk'0f{ s'/f atfp. d of] va/ ;'Gbf kfun h:t} ep. s] eof] d]/f] hljgdf eg]/ ;f]r], dg{ dg klg nfuof], d lsg dfot cfp egg] s'/fn]] w]/} k5'tf] nfuof]. cfˆgf] 3/af/ lalu P/ cfdfa'jfx ;Fu a:g'sf] kl8f tyf afwotf t 5b} lyof]. o:tf] cj:yfdf klg xfd f] ;dfh tyf ufp sf dfg5]n] s'/f sf6\g], dg b'vg] zabx sf] k of]u ug]{ uy]{. lo zabx ;'Gbf d cfkm' leq leq} d/lt'no dx;'; ub{y]+. 5f]8kq u/l kfp eg]/ dlxnf cfjfhdf ax'ljjfxsf] d'b\bf k]z u/]+ t/ Toxf pxf x n] >Ldfgn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf] k df0f vf]hg' eof] h'g d;+u lypg. d ;+u d]/f] ljjfx btf{sf] k df0f kq dfq lyof]. h;sf sf/0f d}n] dlxnf cfjfhsf] ;xof]u kfog\. htftt}af6 7Ss/} 7Ss/sf] hljg, emg emg d kfun ;l/ x'b} up. dnfo{ afrg clg of] ;dfh;fu ;fdgf ug{ emg\ emg\ ufx f] x'g yfnof]. Ps lbg dnfo{ 3/sf] 5]j}sf] lbbln] dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf k/fdz{ s]gb g]kfn, sf7df08f}af6 7fs'/åf/f :jf:yo rf}sldf dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf dgf]k/fdz{ ;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;~rfng eo/x]sf] 5 To;df hfg' k5{ eg]/ egg' eof] / d pxf+;fu} Toxf up. d}n] Toxf dgf]k/fdz{bftf /fh]zs'df/ emf ;/nfo{ cfˆgf] ;a} hljgl atfpkl5 dnfo{ ltdl cem} x/]; gvfp eg]/ w]/} xf};nf lbg' eof], hljg;+u s;/l ;fdgf ug]{ egg] ;Lkx sf] af/]df hfgsf/l lbg' eof], ltdl ;+3if{ ug{ ;S5]p eg]/ 9f8; lbg' eof], b'mvsf] cj:yfdf s;/l cfkm'nfo{ ;DxfNg] tyf cfkmgf] dfgl;s lk8faf6 s;/l ;xh?kdf u x0f ug{ ;lsg5 egg] ljifodf w]/} s'/fsf] hfgsf/l lbg' eof]. d}n] ;/sf] ;Nnfx adf]lhd Toxf+sf tflnd k fkt dfgl;s lbg hlt cf}ifwl klg k of]u u/]+. cfh ef]nl d]/f] hljg ablnpsf] 5. d ca s]lx ug{ ;S5' egg] d]/f] cftdan / e/f];f a9]sf] 5. d d]/f] dfgl;s tgfj tyf kl8fnfo{ klxn] n'sfp/ a:y] t/ clxn] af+8\g] ug{'sf] ;fy} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg klg ug{ ;S5'. cfh ef]nl olts} a:g' egbf dlxnf cfjfhsf nful ult, sljtf / ;+3if{sf] syfx n]v5'. xfn Pp6f kqsfl/tfsf] tflnd l;sb}5'. h;n] d]/f] hljg cgwsf/ agfpsf] 5 p;sf] ;fd' cfˆgf] hljg cufl8 a9]sf] b]vfpg ;fx; h'6]sf] 5 d df. dgf]k/fdz{ kzrft d]/f] hljgsf] dxtjk"0f{ l;sfo eg]sf] b'mv kof]{ eg]/ w]/} cflqg] / ;'v kfof] eg]/ dflqg] ug'{ x' b}g egg] xf]. hljg h:tf] 5 To:t}df hlpg l;sg' kbf]{ /x]5. d]/f] hljgnfo{ cgwsf/af6 phofnf] tkm{ hfgnfo{ ;xof]u ul/lbpsf]df d dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf k/fdz{ s]gb -;L=Pd=;L= g]kfn_ nfo{ wgoafb lbg rfxg5'. d h:t} nfvf}+ dlxnfx sf] dfgl;s /f]usf] pkrf/ u/]/ pglx sf] hljg klg phofnf]sf] af6f]df a9fo{ ;xof]u ug{ cfu x ub}{ z'e sfdgf lbg rfxg5'. eltspsf dgx nfo{ ;Demfpg] ltdl ;L=Pd=;L=. dg{ egl tld;psfnfo{ kmsf{pg] ltdl ;L=Pd=;L=. dfgl;s ;d:of tyf tgfj ;+u h'wg l;sfpg] ltdl ;L=Pd=;L=. d]/f] hljgdf phofnf] emnsfpg] ltdl ;L=Pd=;L= nfo{ w]/} w]/} wgojfb 5. -of] s'g} syf xf]og, d]/f] hljgsf] cfkmgf] jf:tljs ef]ufo{ xf]. of] d]/f] hljgsf] oyftf{nfo{ ;xl tyf jf:tljs k of]hgsf] nflu k sfzg ubf{ dnfo{ s'g} klg ;d:of cfklq x'g] 5}g._ à

24 24 Understanding the psychosocial and mental health needs of Haruwa and Charuwa bonded labourers in South-Eastern Nepal Mahat P. Murray, K 1 ; Abstract: In the southeastern Terai regions of Nepal a traditional form of bonded labour termed Haruwa and Charuwa continues to exist despite being officially outlawed by the Nepalese government. Haruwa means ploughman and Charuwa means cattle herder. For the overwhelming majority of these agricultural working families, their working conditions and socio-economic circumstances constitute a form of modern slavery. In this paper, modern slavery is used as an umbrella term to describe human trafficking, slavery, servitude and forced labour. The severe impact of modern slavery on individuals mental health and psychosocial well-being has been evidenced internationally. However, current understanding of the psychosocial and mental health needs of forced labourers is only recently emerging and has never been investigated within Haruwa and Charuwa families. The Freedom Fund is a philanthropic organisation, which aims to eradicate modern slavery internationally. This paper was commissioned by the Freedom Fund and was collaboration between the Freedom Fund, Helen Bamber Foundation (for the first field visit), an independent contractor (UK clinical psychologist) and the Centre for Mental Health and Counselling Nepal (CMC-Nepal). It aimed to understand the psychosocial and mental health needs from the Haruwa and Charuwa families perspectives, using a mixed methods survey. Participants were recruited by partner Nepali NGOs within the Freedom Fund s South-Eastern Nepal hotspot program, and data 1 Mahat, Pashupati; Murray, Kim; August, 2016 was primarily collected by CMC-Nepal s staff. The original design of the study was suspended due to the devastating April 2015 Earthquake in Nepal and data was therefore collected through two field visits. The main findings were as follows: 1. Poverty and lack of basic needs were found to be both precipitating and perpetuating factors for debt bondage. 2. Participants described high levels of general psychological distress, depression, anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and impairment in day-to-day functioning: 46% of respondents reported clinically significant anxiety symptoms 61% reported clinically significant depression symptoms 47% reported some level of suicidality 18% reported clinically significant PTSD symptoms. Almost one-quarter of respondents reported evidence of severe psychological distress. These findings are in line with other international research into the mental health consequences of modern slavery. Gender was associated with higher rates of psychological distress in all cases apart from depression symptoms. 3. Stigma surrounding mental health was found to be high and this may have interfered with reporting culturally sensitive issues. Key recommendations: 1. The program should follow-up with the current research participants and assess

25 25 whether their well-being improves in line with increasing prospects of moving out of bonded labour (i.e. through their involvement in community freedom groups and other Freedom Fund partner activities in the area). 2. Future research in this area could include a control group of dalit (so-called low caste) agricultural workers to compare with those in a situation of debt bondage. This would generate greater understanding of the unique impact of bonded labour on well-being. 3. As there are limited resources available for training NGO staff, initially, it is recommended that training should focus on staff members working directly with the affected communities. This should include: raising staff awareness and understanding of mental health issues within a psychosocial framework; how to reduce stigma in staff around mental health; and how to sustain staff well-being while they help participants make changes to their socio-economic situation. 4. As a next phase of psychosocial support, it is likely to be helpful to strengthen community integration, involvement and social cohesion, building on existing systems of social support and resilience (Newlin & Webber, 2015). However, participatory feasibility research is required before such training should be developed to ensure cultural sensitivity. The finding of this present report that family and community are the participants preferred source of support for psychological needs should be capitalised upon. 5. It could be helpful to train selected members of the community in identifying mental health problems using community validated and userfriendly instruments (Jordans, Kohrt, Luitel, Komproe, & Lund, 2015) to support them to refer severe mental health presentations to specialist services. However, before this training takes place, it would be important to learn from CMC-Nepal s previous work, about available services, including mapping the referral pathways. It may be necessary to give more in-depth training to counsellors who can be available in the absence of other services. This is to prevent damaging relationships with participants and local NGO partners due to raising expectations of the availability of support (P. Mahat, personal communication, July 16, 2016). 6. In the future, if more specialised intervention training to address specific mental health problems is considered appropriate for the Haruwa-Charuwa community, it should closely build and learn from previous mental healthcare initiatives in a Nepali context (Jordans, Luitel, Pokhrel, & Patel, 2016). In addition, any intervention would need to be deliverable by non-specialist professionals, but with sufficient training and on-going supervision (Jordans et al., 2016). The intervention should be guided by the needs and voices of the Haruwa-Charuwa community, as well as being piloted and its effectiveness systematically evaluated (Helen Bamber Foundation, 2015). The literature also suggests that such targeted psychological interventions focusing on specific mental health problems (e.g. PTSD) would be most appropriate for individuals in families who are survivors of bonded labour (Helen Bamber Foundation, 2015). à

26 26 dgsf] kl8fdf dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u /fh]zs'df/ emf dgf]ljb\ dgf];fdflhs ;+of]hs ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfn xfd f] ;dfhdf cem} klg sltko /f]ux ;d:ofx n'sfpg] rng oyfat} 5 h; dwo]sf] Pp6f /f]u ;d:of dfgl;s :jf:yo ;d:of klg xf]. x'g t olsgsf ;fy slt dflg;x nfo{ dfgl;s :jf:yo ;d:of 5 eg]/ egg ;lsb}g t/ xfn ;Ddsf] cwoog cg';gwfg k ltzt dflg;x nfo{ s'g} g s'g} k sf/sf] dfgl;s :jf:yo ;d:of x'g5 egg] b]lvpsf] 5. lgofn]/ x]g]{ xf] eg] zfob sf]xl klg dflg;nfo{ cfkmgf] hljgsfndf Ps k6s s'g} g s'g} vfnsf] zf/ll/s jf dfgl;s :jf:yo ;d:of gepsf] egg] 5}g. t/ km/s olt dfq 5 sl zf/ll/s ;d:ofsf] jf/]df dflg;x hfu?s x'b} upsf 5g\ eg] dfgl;s :Jff:Yo ;d:ofsf] jf/]df cem} klg lziff tyf hgr]tgfsf] sdln] :jf:yo ;+:yfx df cf}ifwl pkrf/ tyf dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nflu cfpg] dflg;x sf] ;+Vof sd} b]lvg5. Ps hgf jl/i7 dfgl;s /f]u ljz]if1 egg' x'g5 æd Pp6f lgs} cg'ejl dfgl;s /f]u ljz]if1 x'f, /f]usf] klxrfg / pkrf/ /fd f] ug{ ;S5', t/ 3/ kl/jf/sf] dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u epg eg] la/fdl lgsf] x'g w]/} ;do nfug'sf] ;fy} sltko cj:yfdf u fxf] klg x'g5 t;y{ o:tf la/fdlx sf] nful cf}iflw pkrf/ ;Fu;Fu} dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u w]/} g} dxtjk"0f{ 5Æ. s] xf] t dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u M dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u eggfn] dfgl;s dgf];fdflhs ;d:ofdf k/]sf dflg;x sf] enfo{sf nflu ul/g] ljlegg vfnsf] ;xof]u xf]. h:t} xfd f] uf p 7 fpdf sltko dflg;x nfo{ dfgl;s /f]usf] pkrf/ tyf dgf]k/fdz{ ;xof]u sxf kfog5, o;n] /f]u lgsf] x'gdf s;/l ;xof]u ub{5, slt ;do nfub5 egg] af/]df hfgsf/l gx'g ;S5 To:tf dflg;x nfo{ o; laifo hfgsf/l epsf dflg;x n] tl JolSt jf tl JolStsf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox nfo{ cfjzos hfgsf/lx k bfg ug{ ' Ps vfnsf] dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u xf]. sltko la/fdlx nfo{ 3/df ;w} PSn} pbf; ep/ Pp6f s'gfdf a;l /fvg dg nfu5, o:tf la/fdlx nfo{ ;d'bfodf x'g] ljlegg vfnsf ;fdflhs tyf ;fd'bflos ;f+:s[lts lqmofsnfkx df ;xeful u/fo{ ;xof]u ug{ ' klg dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u xf]. To;} u/l dfgl;s /f]usf] pkrf/ kzrft ;d:ofdf ;'wf/ x'b} upsf jf lgsf] epsf dflg;x nfo{ hlljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu ljlegg ;+3 ;+:yfx ;Fu ;dgjo u/]/ ;xof]u ug{ ' klg dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u xf]. o;/l x]bf{ dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u x/]s vfnsf ;xof]u;fu uffl;p/ cfpsf] x'g5 h:t} M af9l, klx/f], cfuhgl h:tf 36gf kzrft wg, ;Dklt, ufo{ a:t' u'dfpsf kl/jf/sf w]/} h;f] dflg;x df Ps vfnsf] dfgl;s tyf dgf];fdflhs kl8f x'g' :jefljs g} xf]. tl kl8f a]bgfx nfo{ sd u/fpgsf] nflu ttsfn ul/g] ;xof]u h:t} nqf sk8f, vfbfgg, cf}ifwl ;+u;u} pglx sf] dgsf] kl8f lrgtfnfo{ w}o{tfsf ;fy ;'lglbp/ ;xof]u ug{ ' klg dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u xf]. o;/l pglx sf] efjgf ;Ddfg ub}{ ;xof]u k bfg ubf{ kl8fdf k/]sf JolStsf] hljgdf v';l cfpg'sf] ;fy} k'gm cfkmgf] b}lgs hljgdf ub}{ cfo/x]sf sfdsfhx df l56f] kms{g d2t ub{5. dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u o; laifodf ;fdfgo tflnd hfgsf/ k fkt ;xof]ul efjgf epsf hf] klg JolStn] ug{ ;S5 t/ dgf]k/fdz{ ;xof]usf] nflu ljz]if tflnd tyf ;Lk rflxg5. alb{ofsf] 7fs'/4f/f :jf:yo rf}sljf6 >Ldfg tyf pgsf kl/jf/sf cgo ;b:ox jf6 zf/ll/s tyf dfgl;s oftgf kfp/ dfgl;s lj/fdl eo{ pkrf/ kfp/ lgsf] epsf Ps hgf la/fdln] o;/l egg'x'g5 æd d]/f] >Ldfg tyf pgsf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox sf] oftgfn] ubf{ l8k ];gsf] /f]ul x'g k'u], s]xl ;do :jf:yosdl{sf] ;Nnfx adf]lhd cf}ifwl vfp, cln cln ;'wf/ klg eof], Tof] ;+u;u} dgf]k/fdz{ klg lnp, h;n] ubf{ d]/f] cftdan Psbd a9\b} uof] / d dg{ nfu]sf] dfg5] d]/f] km]/l k'gh{gd eof]æ. sltko cj:yfdf dgf];fdflhs ;d:ofdf k/]sf JolQmx nfo{ pgsf] ;d:ofnfo{ ;xh agfpg cfjzos ;Nnfx ;'emfax lbg' klg dxtjk"0f{ x'g5. h:t} M dfgl;s /f]usf cf}ifwl ;]jg ul//x]sf la/fdlnfo{ cf}ifwl s;/l vfg' k5{, slt ;do ;Dd vfg' k5{, slt ;do kzrft cf}ifwln] sfd ug{ z'? u5{, s] s] s'/fx vfg ldnb5, s] s:tf lrhljrx df ;fjwfgl ckgfpg' k5{ h:tf hfgsf/l lbg' klg Ps k sf/sf] dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u xf]. o;/l lj/fdl tyf pgsf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox nfo{ /fd /L hfgsf/l lb+bf pglx sf] dg xnsf x'g'sf] ;fy} /f]u lgsf] x'g5 eg] s'/fdf cfzfjfbl x'g d2t k'ub5. k efjsf/l 9+un] lbpsf] dgf];fdflhs ;xof]un] /f]u lgsf]

27 27 x'g ;xof]u k'ug'sf] ;fy} /f]u gbf]xf]l/g klg d2t ub{5. 88]nw'/f au/sf]6 :jf:yo rf}sldf dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jf kzrft lgsf] epsf Ps hgf la/fdln] egg' x'g5 æd]/f] jif{sf] pd]/df c;dflos lgwg kl5 d}n] a]n}d} dgf]k/fdz{ ;xof]u gkfpsf] ep zfob d klg of] ;+;f/df x'b}g lyp xf]nf / d]/f] b'oj6f 5f]/L olt v]/ s'g} cgfy cf>ddf x'gy] xf]nfg\æ. dgf];fdflhs ;xof]udf cf}ifwlsf] af/]df dfq ;Nnfx ;'emfj gep/ sltko dfgl;s :Jff:Yo ;d:of k/]sf JolStx ;+u ug]{ Jojxf/sf] af/]df klg kl/jf/ tyf ;d'bfosf dflg;nfo{ hfgsf/l lbg' klg dxtjk'0f{ x'g5. o:tf ;d:ofdf k/]sf dflg;x ;fgf] ltgf] s'/fdf klg l/;fpg, emls{g tyf z+sf pkz+sfx ug{ ;S5g\. t/ o:tf Jojxf/x pglx n] rfx]/ kss} klg u/]sf] x'b}gg\. pglx sf] /f]u ;d:ofn] ubf{ o;f] ul//x]sf x'g ;S5g\. o:tf] a]nf pglx nfo{ kl/jf/ tyf 5/ l5d]sn] g/d Jojxf/ ug{'sf] ;fy} pglx dfly z+sf pkz+sf gul/sg pglx sf] s'/f, dgsf] rf}tf/l=== pgl dfgl;s lj/fdl epsl 5] /] lg t. o:tf] x'g ;S5 / < klxnf] JolQm M xf] efph", slxn]sflx ;'Ts]/L dlxnfx nfo{ klg kfunkgsf] lj/fdl x'g ;S5. o:tf] cj:yfdf t emg arrf / cfdf b'a}nfo{ vt/f x'g ;S5. t]>f] JolQm M o:tf la/fdlx t ufpf3/df w]/} b]lvg5g\ lg t < klxnf] JolQm M xf], o:tf s8f vfnsf lj/fdlx df cftdf1fgsf] sdl x'g5, c? dflg;sf] egbf legg vfnsf Jojxf/x u5{g\. b}lgs lqmofsnfkdf 7"nf] ljs[lt cfpf5. To;}n] o:tf la/fdlx ufpf3/df 3'ld/x]sf b]lvg5g\. ljlegg cg';gwfg cg';f/ ;dfhdf hg;+vofsf]! k ltztdf o:tf /f]ulx b]lvg5g\. bf]>f] JolQm M cf}ifwln] Tolt sfd ubf]{ /x]g5 ls afa', w]/}h;f] ahf/df 3'dL lx8]sf] b]v5'. klxnf] JolQm M /fd f];+u pkrf/ u/] lgsf] x'g5 efph'. hlt rff8} pkrf/ yflnof] Tolt g} l5 } lgsf] x'g5. t/ cf}ifwlsf ;fydf p;+u /fd f] Jojxf/ ug]{, lrlst;s;+u ;Nnfx lng], c? /f]]usf nif0fx 5g\ eg] pkrf/ ug]{ klg ug'{ kb{5. olt ubf{ub}{ klg s;}s;}nfo{ lhgbule/ cf}ifwl vfo/xg'kg]{ x'g ;S5. t]>f] JolQm M To;f] ep, la/fdlnfo{ s]lx sfd ug{ lbg' epg x} < klxnf] JolQm M x}g x}g la/fdln] cf}ifwl vfo/x]s} cj:yfdf klg sfddf nufpg ;lsg5. s'g} s'g} la/fdlnfo{ cf}ifwlsf ;fy} k'g{:yfkgfsf] cfjzostf kb{5. la/fdlsf kl/jf/nfo{ klg lgdg l/;, cfqmf]zx nfo{ /fd /L ;'lglbp/ dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u k' ofpg ;lsg5. olb o;f] ul/pg egg] sltko lgsf] eo;s]sf la/fdlx sf] ;d:of km]/l klg alnemg ;S5. ;Nofg lhnnfsf!& jif{sl Ps hgf 5f]/Ln] cfˆgf] cfdfsf] af/]df o;/l elg5g\ æd]/f] cfdfnfo{ s8f vfnsf] dfgl;s /f]u nfu]sf] lyof], dfgl;s c:ktfn nugv]ndf Ps dlxgf egf{ u/fo{ pkrf/ u/], lgs} ;'wf/ eof], kl5 3/ kms{bf a'jfsf] c;xof]u, g/fd f] af]nl arg / Jojxf/n] ubf{ /f]u k'gm anem]/ cfdfnfo{ nfdf] ;do ;Dd pkrf/sf] nflu egf{ ug' { k/]sf] lyof], xfn pgl l7s l5g\, 3/sf] sfdsfhdf klg cln cln ;3fpl5g, cfdfdf o:tf] ;'wf/ xf]nf egg] ;f]r]sl] lyog, clxn] o:tf] kl/jt{g b]vbf v';l nfu5.æ g]kfnldf Pp6f egfo{ klg 5 ep ;Dd ;xof]u u/f}+, g ep lauf/ gu/f}+ eg] h:t}, dgsf] kl8fdf k/]sf JolStnfO{ xfdl tkfo{ dgf];fdflhs ;xof]u u/l dgsf] 3fpdf dnd k L nufpf gep kl8fdf yk kl8f glbpfm. à s'/fx ug{ ;Nnfx lbg' kb{5. lj/fdln] ug{ ;Sg] vfnsf ;lhnf sfdx ug{ nufpg] ;fwf/0f kfl/jfl/s hljgdf ;fd]n x'g lbg] ufpfdf c? dflg;nfo{ p ca /fd f] x'b}5 elg a'emfpg' k5{ / lj/fdlnfo{ cj lh:sofpg] / x:;l p8fpg] gug'{ elg ;Demfpg] lj/fdl;ufsf] Jojxf/df dfg ;Ddfg b]vfpg]. ofb ug'{xf];\ c;fdfgo Jojxf/ O{Zj/Lo zlqmn] geo{ dfgl;s /f]un] x'g5. o:tf dfgl;s /f]ux sf] pkrf/ x'g5. la/fdl;fu ;xfg'e"lt b]vfp/ / ;d:of a'lemlbp/ /fd f] ;DaGw sfod ug'{ k5{. ;s] ;Dd lj/fdlnfo{ affw]/ /fvg' x'b}g. wfdlemfqmln] dfq of] /f]u lgsf] kfg{ ;Sb}gg\. cf}ifwlsf] dfqf k'ubf] lbg' k5{. lrlst;ssf] ;Nnfx ljgf g} jlr}df cf}ifwl 5f]8\g x'b}g. cf}ifwl vfo/x]sf] cj:yfdf cf}ifwlsf s'g} c;/x b]lvpdf ;dod} klxrfg u/l lrlst;ssf] ;Nnfx lng' k5{. ;dfhdf cldnbf] Jojxf/ ug{', JolQmut afgl Jojxf/df kl/jt{g x'g', efjgfdf kl/jt{g x'g', larf/df klg kl/jt{g x'g', c?n] gb]v]sf], g;'g]sf b]vg' jf ;'Gg' dfgl;s c;gt'ng -kfunkg_ sf nif0f klg x'g ;S5g\. à

28 28 d]/f] hljgsf] ofqfdf ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfn sljtf rf}nfufo{+ sljtf rf}nfufo{sf] -gfd kl/jt{g_ 3/ ;'b/ klzrdsf] lhnnfdf kb{5. pxff dgf];fdflhs ;xof]udf tflnd k fkt c=g=dl / l;=pd=;l= g]kfnsf dgf];fdflhs ;+of]hs;+u dgf]k/fdz{ ;xof]u lnp/ lgsf] eo{;s] kl5 cfkmgf] hljg syf cfkmg} zab tyf z}nldf o;/l n]v]/ clejost ug{' epsf] 5. æd cfk'm dfyl k/]sf] 36gfsf] af/]df n]vb} 5'. ut]sf lbg d]/f] nflu sfnf] lbg ag]/ cfpsf] lyof] h'g lbg d}n] d]/f] hljg ;fyl u'dfpsl lyp. pxff sf7dfg8f} + hfb} ubf{ af6f]df PSsf;L la/fdl ep/ g]kfnu+h d]l8sn sn]h, sf]xnk'/df ttsfn cf=;l=o'= df egf{ ug' { k/]sf] lyof] / ToxL g} px fsf] d[to' epsf] lyof]. 3/af6 l6sf 6fnf] u/]/ upsf dfg5] PSsf;L af6f]df a]xf]; ep/ sf]xnk'/ c:ktfndf egf{ ul/of] / cfo{=;l=o'= df egf{ $ 306fdf g} pxffsf] d[to' eof]. pxffsf] ;fydf d]/f] b]j/ klg hfg'epsf] lyof] t/ 8fS6/n] pxffnfo{ tkfo{sf] dfg5]sf] d[to' eof] eg]/ hfgsf/l u/]gg\. 8fS6/n] tkfo{sf] c? sf]xl dfg5] 5 eg] t'?gt} af]nfpg' eg]/ vj/ u/]. cgl Ps hgf ufpfsf dfg5] dx]gb gu/af6 up/ d]/f] >Ldfgsf] nf; a'em]. Tof] 36gf lbpf;f]! jh] lt/ 36]sf] /x]5. d]/f] ufpfdf c? dfg5]x nfo{ # jh] g} yfxf eo;s]sf] /x]5. d]/f] 3/ d'vo af6f] glhs} k5{. Pp6f uf8ldf *!) hgf htl d}n] lrg]sf dflg;x cfp. ltgl dfg5]x dnfo{ yfxf eo{ ;Sof] ls eg]/ x]g{ cfpsf /x]5g\. uf8l d]/f] 3/ glhs # /fpg8 3'Dof]]. t/ d cfˆgf] sfddf Ao:t lyp ptf lt/ Wofg g} upg. ;j} hgf d]/f] 3/ lt/ x]g]{ cgl hfg] ug]{ uy]{. d]/f] xf]6]n klg lyof]. ;ffem d vfgfsf] tof/ldf nfu]sl lyp. t/sf/l, bfn kfls;s]sf] lyof]. d e Ldf a;l/x]sl lyp, ToxLa]nf tlg hgf d]/f] ufpfsf dfg5]x d]/f] 3/sf] k5f8laf6 cfpg' eof]. dnfo{ x]/]/?g' ef]. d}n] ;f]w]] s] ef] eg]/ pxffn] egg' ef] ltd f] >Ldfg of] ;+;f/ 5f]8]/ uo{ ;Sof]. olt egg] ljlqs} d a]xf]; ep/ 9n]. clg ;j} ufpfn] bfh'efo{ lbbljlxglx?b} cfpg' eof]. Tof] lbg Tof] /ft d]/f] nful hljgdf slxn] klg glal;{g] ep5'. 3/ af6 /fd f] ;Fu upsf dfg5] Ps lbg leq To:tf] cj:yfdf 3/df kmls{g' eof]. s] ug]{ æx'g] xf/, b}j g6f/ eg] em}æ Tof] rf]6 Tof] j]bgf s;}nfo{ gk/f]; eujfgnfo{ egg rfxg5'. ljx] u/]sf] ^ jif{ gljtb} d]/f] hljgdf of] 36gf 36]sf] xf]. Tof] % jif{ klg b'mv} b'mvdf ljt]sf lyp. px f d'6'sf] lj/fdl epsf] sf/0f k To]s dlxgf r]s ck sf] nful slxn] sf7df8f}, slxn] wgu9l hfg] ug'{ x'gyof]. kf/ljfl/s tgfj / lhdd]jf/l d dfyl lyof]. Tof] 36gf x'bf d]/f] 5f]/f $ jif{sf] lyof] eg] 5f]/L! jif{sl lyo{. To; k5lsf] ;d:ofx d}n] bfxf;+:sf/ u/]sf] lbg vf]nfdf g'xfpg hfg' kg]{. Ps 306fsf] af6f] lx8]/ vf]nfdf g'xfpg up. b'o{ ltg hgf dlxnfx n] ;dft]/ dnfo{ vf]nfdf g'xfpg nu] t/ d ljxf];l d} lyp. g t dnfo{ s]6f s]6lsf] dfof 5 g 3/sf] dfof. 3/df!@ lbg ;Dd cnu} ;]tf] n'uf nufp/ j:g' kg]{ cj:yf lyof]. ;]tf] n'uf nufpsf] b]v]/ d]/l ;fgl 5f]/L 8/fpg], b'w vfg glhs gcfpg], Psbd sdhf]/ x'b} uo{. d]/f] 5f]/f 5f]/Ldf klg w]/} km/s eof]. 5f]/f Psbd} lg;'/f] eo /xg] / d /f]psf] b]v]/?g] uy]{. d]/f] 3/df # dlxgf ;Dd ufpfsf lbblalxglx ;fe m ;'Tg cfpflyg. dnfo{ PSn} j:g dg nfug], dfg5] cfp k5l g/fd f] nfug], pglx n] s'/f u/] k5l l/; p7g], lrrofp/ s/]g6 nfu] h:tf] x'g], 6fpsf] b'vg]] h:tf s'/fx x'b} uof]. To; kl5 :jf:yo rf}sldf h fr kqf lgb f nfug] cf}ifwl klg vfp t/ ;d:ofdf vf;} ;'wf/ epg. Ps lbg :jf:yo rf}slaf6 Ps hgf dgf]k/fdz{ tflnd lnpsf c=g=ld= d]/f] 3/df cfo{g. pxf d]/f] 3/df ;fem ;fem cfpg'x'gyof]. d]/} 3/df j;]/ pxf n] dnfo{ dgf]k/fdz{ ug{' eof]. d df la:tf/} w]/} s'/fx df km/s x'b} uof]. dfg5]x j;]sf 7fpFdf hfg yfn], /fd /L lgbfpg yfn,] a}7s tflndx df klg pkl:yt x'g yfn]. ;j} ;d:ofx lj:tf/ lj:tf/} ;'wf/ x'b} uof]. klxn] d af]ng 8/fpg], w]/} dfg5]sf] cuf8l jf]ng g;sg] h:tf ;d:ofx lyof] t/ cfh ef]nl d s]xl g s]xl u/]/ vfg ;S5', /fd f] ;Fu s]6fs]6lsf] eljiosf] jf/]df ;f]rg ;S5', lhljsf]kfh{g klg /fd f] t/lsfn] ug{ ;Ifd epsl 5'. clxn] ljlegg ;d'x tyf tflndx df cfj4 x'g] u/]sl 5'. of] ;j} d]/f] 36gf kl5sf] hljg cfpsf] kl/jt{g dgf]k/fdz{ tflnd k fkt c=g=dl= s} sf/0fn] epsf] dfg5'. l;=pd=;l g]kfnnfo{ klg wgojfb lbg rfxg5' / cggt rf}w/l ;/ tyf l;=pd=;l+ l6d nfo{ wgojfb lbg rfxg5'. ox fx gepsf] ep d sxff x'gy] s] uy]{. d]/f] zf/ll/s tf}n %! lsnf] jf6 #% lsnf] df k'ul ;s]sf] lyof]. ufpfsf dfg5]x 8/fPsf lyp. >Ldfg t uof] uof] ca o;sf] klg e/ 5}g eg]/ s'/f uy]{. dfg5]sf] ;Demfpg] t/lsf jf]nl efsfn] klg w]/} km/s x' Fbf] /x]5. clxn] d cfˆg} pbfx/0f lbp/ ;dfhdf sfd ug{ ;S5'. clxn] cfˆgf] kl8f egbf c?sf] kl8f dnfo{ 7"nf] nfu5. o:tf lkl8t dfg5]x sf nful s]xl /fd f sfdx ug{ ;s]sf]df dnfo{ v';l klg dx;'; x'g5. d}n] w]/} hgfnfo{ ;DemfPsf] klg 5'. d xfn Pp6f dfgl;s :jf:yo :jfjndag ;d'xsf] cwoif ep/ sfd klg ul//x]sl 5'.Æ à

29 29 arrfnfo{ s;/l x'sf{pg] / k9fpg] < luh'efosf!* l6k; -;L=Pd=;L= g]kfn afn dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf ljbfnosf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ ;+:yf xf]. o; ;+:yfn] afnaflnsfsf] dgf];fdflhs ;':jf:yo dfkm{t u'0f:t/lo l;sfo{sf] If]qdf sfd ub}{ cfo/x]sf] 5. afnaflnsfsf] dgf];fdflhs ;':jf:yosf] k jw{gdf cleefjssf] klg dxtjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g] x'fbf cleefjs lziffdf ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] vfnsf ;fdu Lx? k sfzg / ;+sng u/l cleefjs tyf kf7s ;dif k' ofpg] ;Gbe{df of] ;fdu Lsf] pko'qmtfnfo{ dx;'; u/l ;L=Pd=;L g]kfnsf] a'n]l6gdf /flvpsf] xf]._ ef/tsf k Voft lziffzf:ql luh'efo{ aw]sf -;g\!**%!(#(_ n] lzifssf?kdf cfˆgf] k"/f ;do afnd}ql lziffs} nflu vlr{p. u'h/ftl efiffsf ol lziff;]jln] cfˆgf] cg'ej / k of]uaf6 afnaflnsfsf nflu pkof]ul lzif0f ljlwsf] kl/snkgf u/]. afnaflnsfsf] ;xl ljsf;sf nflu ;xl z}lifs jftfj/0fsf] s'/f p7fpfb} To;d} s]lg t /x]/ pgn] w]/} k':ts klg n]v]sf 5g\. k':tsx dfkm{t pgn] afnaflnsfsf] ;fy{s l;sfo / ljsf;sf nflu 3/sf] jftfj/0f dxtjk"0f{ x'g]df cleefjssf] Wofgfsif{0f ub}{ lzifsnfo{ ;d]t lhdd]jf/ x'g cfu x u/]sf 5g\. afnaflnsfnfo{ s;/l x'sf{pg] / s;/l lziff lbg] egg] pnn]v ub}{ luh'efo{n] cf}+nofpsf s]xl a'fbf lziff ljdz{ gfds Anuaf6 KARNALIKHABAR.COM dfkm{t cg'jfb ul/psf]nfo{ h:tfsf] t:t} oxff k :t't ul/psf] 5.!= cfkm}+ ug{ lbg';\ p;nfo{?dfn w'g lbg';\. p;nfo{ eff8fdf kfgl eg{ lbg';\. p;nfo{ km"n ;hfpg lbg';\. p;nfo{ srf}/f d:sfpg lbg';\. p;nfo{ d6/sf];fsf] bfgf lgsfng lbg';\. p;nfo{ vfg]s'/f kl:sg lbg';\. arrfnfo{ ;f/f sfd cfkm}+ ug{ lbg';\. p;sf] cfˆgf] dhl{n] ug{ lbg';\. p;sf] cfˆgf] 9+un] ug{ klxrfg xfd f] cffvfdf cd[t 5 jf ljif, xfd f] af]nldf ld7f; 5 of 6/f]{kg, xfd f] :kz{df sf]dntf 5 jf s7f]/tf, xfd f] dgdf zflgt 5 jf czflgt, xfd f] dgdf cfb/ 5 of cgfb/, arrf ol s'/f t'?gt} kqf nufpf5g\. arrf xfdlnfo{ Psbd hflg;s5g\. #= b'zdg ;'t, gq clxn] afafhln] kqm]/ n}hfg5 ÛÚ vfpm, gq rf]/n] lnp/ hfg5.ú af3 cfof] ÛÚ afafhl cfof] ÛÚ k'ln; cfof] ÛÚ r'k nfu, gep sf]7fdf agb u/]/ /fv5'.ú k9\g a;, gq lk6\5'.ú hf] o;/l arrfnfo{ 8/ b]vfpf5g\, pglx arrfx sf b'zdg x'g\. $= k[yjldf :ju{

30 30 olb xfdln] arrfx nfo{ cfˆgf] 3/df plrt :yfg lbof}+ eg], xfd f] k[yjldf g} :ju{sf] ;[li6 x'g ;S5. :ju{ arrfsf] ;'vdf 5. :ju{ arrfsf] :jf:yodf 5. :ju{ arrfsf] k ;Ggtfdf 5. :ju{ arrfsf] lgbf]{if d:tldf 5. :ju{ arrfsf] ult / u'gu'gfodf 5. %= dxfg\ cftdf arrfsf] z/l/ ;fgf] 5, t/ p;sf] cftdf dxfg\ 5. arrfsf] z/l/ a9\bf] 5. arrfsf] zlqm ljsf;zln 5. t/, p;sf] cftdf t k"0f{ 5. xfdl Tof] cftdfnfo{ ;Ddfg u/f}+. cfˆgf] unt /Llt / glltaf6 xfdl afnssf] z'4 cftdfnfo{ k b'lift gkf/f}+. ^= hfgl/fvf}+ arrf ;Dk"0f{ dg'io xf]. arrfdf a'l4 5, efjgf 5, dg 5, cfˆgf] a'emfo 5. arrfdf efj / cefj 5,?lr / c?lr 5. xfdl arrfsf] OR5fx lrgf}+. xfdl arrfsf] efjgfx nfo{ ;Demf}+. arrf caf]w / lgbf]{if 5. cfˆgf] cx+sf/sf] sf/0f xfdl arrfnfo{ lt/:sf/ gu/f}+. cfˆgf] cledfgsf] sf/0f xfdl arrfsf] ckdfg gu/f}+. &= rfxgf arrfnfo{ cfkm}+n] vfg' 5, tkfo{ p;nfo{ gvjfpg';\. arrfnfo{ cfkm}+ g'xfpg' 5, tkfo{+ p;nfo{ gg'xfolbg';\. arrfnfo{ cfkm}+ lxf8\g' 5, tkfo{+ p;sf] xft g;dftg';\. arrfnfo{ cfkm}+ ufpg' 5, tkfo{+ p;nfo{ ufpg gnufpg';\. arrfnfo{ cfkm}+ v]ng' 5, tkfo{+ p;sf] alrdf gcfpg';\. lsgls arrf :jfjndag rfxg5. *= olt klg gug]{ < ufgf-ahfgf ug]{ 7fpFdf hfg 5f]8]/ arrfnfo{ au}+rfdf n}hfg';\. ukmdf clnemg'sf] ;f6f] arrfnfo{ lrl8ofvfgf b]vfpg n}hfg';\. cvaf/df dfq cndlnp/ ga;lsf] arrfsf] s'/f klg ;'Gg';\. /flt ;'Tg] ;dodf arrfnfo{ c;n sxfglx ;'gfpg';\. arrfsf] x/]s sfddf ulx/f] rf;f] b]vfpg';\. (= cftd;'wf/ arrfnfo{ o; sf/0f ;Ddfg ug{';\, tfls xfdldf cftd;ddfgsf] efjgf hfuf];\. arrfnfo{ ufnl ug]{, t;f{pg] gug{';\, h;n] ubf{ ufnl ug]{ / t;f{pg] xfd f] v/fa afgl 5'6\b} hfcf];\. arrfnfo{ glk6\g';\, h;n] ubf{ df/lk6 ug]{ xfd f] kz' j[lq gi6 x'g ;sf];\. o;/l cfkm"nfo{ ;'wf/]/ g} xfdl cfˆgf arrfnfo{ ;xl?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;S5f}+.!)= 8/ / nf]e cfdf, a'jf / lzifsn] a'lem/fvg';\ lk6]/ jf nf]e b]vfp/ arrf ;'l g ;Sb}gg\, a? pn6} lalu Fb} hfg5g\. lk6]kl5 arrfdf emg\ pu efjgf a9\5. nf]e b]vfpfbf arrf nfnrl ag5g\. 8/ / nf]esf sf/0f arrf lgn{hh, y]q/f], lh2l / blg xlg ag5g\.!)= ;'Gb/ ;+;f/m 3/ olb cfdf-a'jfn] cfkm"n] h:tf];'s} cfr/0f u/] klg cfˆgf] arrfnfo{ ;+:sf/l agfpg ;lsg5 egg] ;f]r5g\ eg], Tof] 7"nf] e"n xf]. cfdf a'jf / 3/, b'o6} ;+;f/sf] ;a}egbf 7"nf] / zlqmzfnl lrhx x'g\. 3/df lau ]sf] arrfnfo{ eujfg\ klg ;'wfg{ ;Sb}gg\ Û!@= k s[ltsf] pkxf/ k s[ltaf6 6f9f /xg] arrfn] k s[ltsf] ljljwtfaf/] s;/l yfxf kfcf];\ Û

31 31 emndnn rg df, snsn aug] gbl, v]tsf] df6f], k/fnsf] 3/, kxf8sf] 9'+uf, cfsfzsf] /+u / v'nf xfjf, ol ;a} tl pkxf/ x'g\, h'g arrfnfo{ k s[ltaf6 k fkt epsf x'g\. arrfnfo{ dg nfu'gh]n k s[ltsf] cfggb n'6\g lbg';\.!#= ultdfg arrf kn kndf a9\g] k f0fl xf]. arrfsf] b[li6 x/ ;do k Zg ;f]wg] vfnsf] x'g5. afnssf] Åbo s]xl af]ln/xg] vfnsf] x'g5. arrfsf] Jofs/0fdf k Zg / af]nl x'g5. t/ k"0f{lj/fd st} klg x'fb}g. arrfsf] cy{ xf], lg/gt/ ult hxff cnklj/fd ;d]t x'fb}g.!$= em}emu8f cfdf a'jf / c? 7"nf dfg5]sf] emu8fsf] sf/0f 3/sf] jftfj/0f k fo: czfgt /xg] u5{. o;n] ubf{ arrf lgs} lbss x'g] u5{g\. c? s]xlsf nflu gep klg cfˆgf] arrfsf nflu ep klg xfdl 3/df ldhfl;nf]?kdf hljg lhpg l;sf}+. 3/sf] zfgt / ;'vl jftfj/0fdf g} arrfsf] /fd f] lziff kfpg ;S5.!%= hlljt u Gy hf] k':ts k9]/ 1fg k fkt u5{g\, pglx lzifs ag5g\. hf] arrfnfo{ k9]/ 1fg k fkt u5{g\, pglx lziffzf:ql ag5g\. lziffzf:qlsf] nflu k To]s arrf Ps ;dy{, clåtlo / hlljt u Gy x'g\.!^= afnssf] zlqm tkfo{+ ;f/f ;+;f/nfo{ wf]sf lbg ;Sg'x'G5, t/, cfˆgf arrfx nfo{ wf]sf lbg ;Sg'x'Gg. tkfo{+ ;a}nfo{ d"v{ agfpg ;Sg'x'G5, t/, cfˆgf arrfx nfo{ slxno} d"v{ agfpg ;Sg'x'Gg. tkfo{+ ;a}nfo{ ;ayf]s n'sfpg ;Sg'x'G5, t/, cfˆgf arrfx nfo{ s]xl klg n'sfpg ;Sg'x'Gg. arrf ;j{1 x'g5g\, ;j{jofks x'g5g\, ;j{zlqmdfg x'g5g\.!&= ukm lbg' a]sf/ 5 xfdln] k9\g], ;f]rg] / n]vg] sfd ub}{df xfd f] sfd k"/f x'g5 t < x'fb}g, xfdln] t lziffsf] goff goff dlgb/sf] lgdf{0f ug{' 5, / tl dlgb/df clxn];dd ck'ho /x]sl ;/:jtl b]jlsf] :yfkgf ug{' 5. arrfx sf] nflu goff o'usf] cf/de epsf] 5. s]jn ukm u/]/ s]xl klg x'fb}g. s]xl ug{';\ Û s]xl u/fpg';\ ÛÛ!*= r}g s;/l ldnf];\ < ha;dd arrfx n] 3/df lk6fo vfg5, /, ljbfnodf ufnl ;'G5 ta;dd dnfo{ r}g s;/l ldnf];\ < ha;dd arrfx sf nflu ljbfno, jfrgfno, au}+rf cf}/ v]nd}bfg agb}g, ta;dd dnfo{ r}g s;/l ldnf];\ < ha;dd arrfx nfo{ k ]d / ;Ddfg ldnb}g, ta;dd dnfo{ r}g s;/l ldnf];\ < luh'efo{sf s'/f arrfx n] k ]d lbp/ dnfo{ ;d[4 agfp. arrfx n] dnfo{ goff hljg lbp. arrfx nfo{ l;sfpg] qmddf d}n] klg w]/} l;s]f. arrfx nfo{ k9fpg] qmddf d}n] klg lgs} k9]f. arrfx sf] u'? ag]/ d}n] pglx sf] u'? kb a' g ;s]f. of] s'g} sljtf xf]og, of] t d]/f] cg'ejsf s'/f j}zfv ( ut]!^m)& df k sflzt à

32 32 ca dnfo{ ljzjf; nfuof] 6Lsf kf7s sflndf6l /fdk'/ # ;Nofg d]/f] hgd /fdk'/ # sfnldf6ldf cfdf xl/snf kf7s / j'jf OGb nfn kf7ssf] dfonl ;Gtfgsf]?kdf eof]. d]/f] kfl/jfl/s l:ylt dwod :t/sf] lyof]. vfg, nfpg / cfwf/e't cfjzostfx k'/f ug{ sl7gfo{ lypg. d kffr jif{sl lypf, Tolt a]nf 3/df a'af cfdfsf] alrdf v6k6 kl//xgyof]. v6k6sf] sf/0f yfxf kfpg To; a]nf ;lsg. t/ k To]s lbg a'jfn] dwokfg u/]/ cfdfnfo{ s'6lk6 ug{'xgyof]. a'jfsf sf/0fn] ;w} 8/, qf; e}/xg] x'fbf 3/df ;w} czfgtsf] jftfj/0f x'gyof]. nuftf/sf] emu8fn] cfdf 3/ 5f]8]/ dfotl k'ug' eof]. dfotldf klg pxff w]/} lbg a:g ;Sg' epg. dfu]/ vfg], s;}n] lbp vfg] gq ef]sef]s} lx8\g] ug'{x'gyof]. slxn] s'g 7fpF t slxn] s:sf] 3/ t slxn] ;8sd} cfdfsf] af; x'gyof]]. 5/l5d]s / ;dfhaf6 pxff ckx]lnt x'g k'ug' eof]. an]sf] cfuf] g tfk5g dfg5]x ;a}n] cfdfk lt 3[l0ft Jojxf/ ug{ yfn]. gfgfeftl, ufnl ug{ yfn]. xfdl Toltv]/ ;fg} lyof}+ / a'afn] cfdfsf] :jf:yof]krf/sf] jf/]df jf:t} ug'{x'gyof]. cfdfsf] o:tf] cj:yf b]vbf xfdl?gyof}+, t/ s]xl ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf xfdldf lypg. cfdfsf] dfgl;s ;Gt'ng emg\ emg\ lau g yfnof] ;fnsf] s'/f xf] cfdf ufpfaf6 PSsf;L x/fpg' eof]. cfdf sfxff hfg' ef] s;}nfo{ yfxf epg. w]/} vf]hl ubf{ ge]6]kl5 xfdlnfo{ nfuof] ;fob ca xfd f] cfdf of] ;+;f/df x'g'x'gg. Pslbgsf] s'/f xf], sl/a!$ jif{ kl5 cfdfsf] va/ ;'g] d}n]. ;'v]{t l5gr'sf] Ps xf]6]ndf eff8f dfem]/ al;/xg' epsf] /x]5. xfd f] ufpfsf dflg;x ;'v]{t upsf] a]nf xf]6]ndf a:g], vfg] qmddf cfdfnfo{ b]vg' eof] / xfdlnfo{ vj/ cfof]. d v';l epf / e]6\g up, hffbf d}n] t cfdfnfo{ lrg] t/ cfdfn] 5f]/L xf] eg]/ lrgg' epg. d}n] pxffnfo{ klxn]sf] ofb lbnfpg w]/} k of; u/] t/ la8dagf, cfdfsf] t k"/} :d/0f zlqm u'ld;s]sf] /x]5. pxffnfo{ ljutsf] s'/fx s]xl klg ofb lypg. pxff PSn} af]ng], xff:g],?g] ug'{ x'gyof]. Tof] ;a b]v]/ dnfo{ c;xo kl8f eof]. d'6' leq leq} b'vof]. cfdfnfo{ lnp/ sfxf hfpf====< pkrf/ u? k};f 5}g.=====w]/} ;f]r]f. Ps lbg /fdk'/ :jf:yorf}slsf] OGrfh{ ;/;Fu s]lx ;Nnfx lng' k of], s]xl pkfo lg:sg5 sl eg]/ up. ToxfF up/ s'/f ubf{ yfxf kfpf Ps ;+:yf ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfn h;n] dfgl;s :jf:yo ;d:of epsf lj/fdlx sf] pkrf/ tyf hgr]tgf clej[l4sf nflu /fdk'/ :jf:yo rf}sldf ;xof]u ub{} cfo{/x]sf] /x]5. ha of] s'/f :jf:yo rf}slsf cfb/0flo ;/af6 yfxf kfpf To;kl5 d v';l epf. pxff ;/n] g} ;L= Pd= ;L= g]kfn egg] ;+:yfdf d]/f] cfdfsf] jf/]df va/ ulb{g' eof]. To;kl5 klg d 8/fO{/x]sL lyp ls cfdfnfo{ pkrf/ u/] klg l7s x'b}gsl=====< s;/l Nofpg] clg sfxf nu]/ pkrf/ ug]{ ;L= Pd= ;L= g]kfnsf] s;/l ;xof]u dffu'=======< xfd f] cfly{s cj:yfdf lgs} sdhf]/ lyof], To;}n] 8/ nflu/x]sf] lyof] pkrf/ s;/l ;Dea xf]nf egl. Ps lbg dg leqsf] k"/} ;fx; af]s]/ km]l/ :jf:yo rf}sl upf / ax nfn rf}w/l ;/;Fu d]/f] dg leqsf] ;a} kl/sf] uff7f]x km'sfpf ;fy} cfly{s cefjsf] s'/f klg hfgsf/l u/fpf. pxffs} ;Nnfxdf ;L= Pd= ;L= g]kfnsf ;Nofg lhnnfdf sfd ug]{ sfnl axfb'/ lj=s ;/;Fu e]6] / ;j} s'/f atfpf. pxffn] xfdl tkfo{sf] cfdfnfo{ pkrf/sf] nflu kxn u5f}{ egg' eof]. d v';ln] ub\ub\ epf. ;L= Pd= ;L= g]kfns} cf8 e/f];fdf d}n] cfdfnfo{ ;'v]{tsf] xf]6naf6 sf7df8f}+ nu]. ToxfF;Dd k' ofpg ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfnsf k efs/ ;/n] ;xof]u ug{' eof]. l/bd Go'/f];fOSof6«Ls c:ktfndf nul cfdfsf] pkrf/ ul/of]. sl/a!* lbgsf] c:ktfn a;fokl5 cfdfdf w]/} ;'wf/ eof] / pxffsf] :d/0f Ifdtf klxnfsf] h:t} epsf] 5. clg xfdl ufpf kmls{of}+. c:ktfn a;fo{sf] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ klg ;L= Pd= ;L= g]kfn / l/bd c:ktfnn] ldn]/ ug' { eof]. cf}ifwl lg/gt/ vfo{/xg ;Nnfx lbb} ;L= Pd= ;L= g]kfnsf lji0f' ;/n] cf}ifwl lbg' eof]. dlxgfd} cfdfsf] cj:yf ;fdfgo em} eof]. dnfo{ pkrf/ egbf klxnf / l/bd c:ktfnsf] klxnf] xktfsf] a;fo{ ;Dd s'g} cfzf g} lypg ls cfdf lgsf] x'g'x'g5 eg]/. ToxfF ;L= Pd= ;L= g]kfnsf dxgt dxh{g ;/ cfp/ cfdfsf] :jf:yosf] af/]df a'em\g] / cfjzos ;xof]u ug]{ sfd ug' { epsf] lyof]. clxn] cfdfsf] cj:yf klxnfsf] h:tf] epsf] 5. d]/f] cfdf lgsf] x'g'df dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no ;Nofg, cfb/0flo ;/ jxf?nfn rf}w/l / ;L= Pd= ;L= g]kfn ;+:yfsf] ;'emfj / ;xof]usf] sf/0f epsf] xf]. ;j}nfo{ d x[bob]lv wgojfb lbg5'. xfn lji0f' ;/n] Pl;Pg kmdf{so"l6sn;;+u ;xof]u lno{ cf}ifwl lgoldt k7fo{ lbg'epsf] 5 / cfdfn] lg/gt/ cf}ifwl ;]jg ul//xg' epsf] 5. cfdfsf] k"0f{ :jf:yonfe u/fpg d k otgzln 5'. d sfdgf u5' {, ;L= Pd= ;L= g]kfn ;d'bfodf cem} cl3 a9\b} hfcf];\ / of] ;+:yfsf] sfo{ clg ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ub{5'. ;a} ;a{;fwf/0fdf ;'emfj klg lbg rfxg5' ls dfgl;s c;gt'ng epsf la/fdl klg /fd f] pkrf/ / ;d'bfosf] ;xof]udf lgsf] x'g ;S5. To;}n] tkfo{x sf] klg sf]xl cfkmgt of cfkm} dfgl;s /f]ul x'g'x'g5 eg] x/]z gvfg';\ a? ;dod} pkrf/ u/l ;Ifd agfpg'xf];\. cgtodf km]/l klg ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfn ;+:yfnfo{ w]/} w]/} wgojfb lbb} d]/f] jf:tljs syf oxl 6'ËfpF5'. d]/f] cfdfsf] pkrf/df ;xof]u k' ofpg], cff6 / xf};nf lbg] cfb/0flo ;/x sfnl axfb'/ sfdl, jxf?nfn rf}w/l, k efs/, dxgt dxh{g, lji0f' k hfkltnfo{ w]/} wgojfb. à

33 { 33 5f]/f;Fu v';lsf hljg latfpfb} cfdf piff b]jsf]6f kftfef/ :jf:yo rf}sl, alb{of Dfflg; hgd]kl5 Ps g Ps lbg t ;j}n] of] ;+;f/ tyf cfˆgf ;j} cfkmgtnfo{ 5f]8]/ hfg' k5{ t/ klg nfpf nfpf / vfpf vfpf egg] pd]/df e/v/} j}jflxs hljgnfo{ /fd f];fu ;'?jft ug{ gkfpb} ljjfx u/]sf] s]xl lbgd} >Ldfg u'dfpg' kbf{ s'g gf/lsf] dg g/f]nf /. l7s o:t} epsf] 5 alb{of lhnnf kftfef/ uf=lj=; df j:g] sl l/gf rf}w/l -gfd kl/jt{g_ nfo{. e/v/} ljjfxsf] s]xl ;dokl5 pgsf >Ldfg\ 3/sf] cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ epsf]n] /f]hl /f]6lsf] nflu Jofkf/sf] l;nl;nfdf ef/t upsf lyp. s]xl ;dokl5 b}jsf] v]n egf} of l/gfsf] efuo egf} >Ldfgsf] b'3{6gfdf k/l d[to' ep5. jif{sf] pd]/df cfkm" ljwjf x'g' k/]sf], clg lhgbulsf] ;'?jft ug]{ a]nfdf o:tf] 36gf eo lbof]. l/gfn] eljiodf o:tf] u/f}nf egl b]v]sf ;j} ;kgfx tx; gx; ep. To;kl5 l/gf lbgxf '?g] s/fpg], c?;fu gaf]ng], vfgf gvfg], PSn} j:g], lrgtfdf 8'lj/xg] ug{ yflnl5g\. To:tf] nif0f b]lvpsf] s]xl lbgkl5 pgl oxff kftfef/ :jf:yo rf}sldf cfˆgf] lbbl;fu cfpsl lyog\. cfpfbf v]/l pgl Psbd} lg/f; / b'mvl b]v]kl5 d}n] ;L=Pd=;L= g]kfnaf6 dgf]k/fdz{ tflnd k fkt u/]sl x'gfn] o; tflndaf6 k fkt u/]sf] ;LknfO{ k of]u u/l l/gf;fu s'/fsfgl ub} { hffbf lj:tf/} pgl efj's x'b} cffvf e/l cff;' emfb} { cfˆgf] dgsf] s'/f ug{ yfnlg\. e/v/} ljjfx epsf] goff 3/ goff kl/jf/;fu /fd f];fu 3'nldn klg e};s]sl lyogg\. To;dfly >Ldfg\sf] b'mvb\ 36gfn] ubf{ pgl Psbd} sdhf]/ / b'mv dflg/x]sl lyog\. d;fu s'/f ub} ubf{ pgl ca d}n] s] ug] { < s;/l affrg] < s;sf nful affrg] < d]/f] lhgbul tx; gx; eof] egb} d]/f] lhgbuldf lsg o:tf] epsf] xf]nf eg]/ essflgp/?g yfnlg\. l/gf /f]psf] b]v]/ / pgsf] s'/fn] dnfo{ klg Ps l5g Psbd} ufx f] ep/ cfof]. Tolt a]nf d klg s]lx af]ng ;lsg. s]xl ;dokl5 l;=pd=;l= g]kfnaf6 tflnddf k fkt u/]sf] ;Lksf s'/fx ckgfp/ pgsf] ;Dk'0f{ s'/fx ;'gl /x]. pgn] ;a} s'/fx elg;s]kl5 pgl Tolt a]nf rf/ dlxgfsf] ue{jtl /x]sf] s'/f klg yfxf kfpf. olt s'/f yfxf kfo{ ;s]kl5 d}n] o:t} vfn] pgl;fu j6f 36gfx ;'gfp. oltv]/ dnfo{ csf]{ l;:6/n] klg ldnbf] h'nbf] s'/fx eg]/ ;xof]u ug'{ epsf] lyof]. w]/} s'/fsfglkl5 l/gfnfo{ k yd P=Pg=;L= hffrsf] nflu ;Nnfx lbpf. o:tf] cj:yfdf cfˆgf] nflu gep klg k]6df a9\b} u/]sf] arrfsf] nflu klg cfˆgf] Wofg lbg' k5{, ljutsf] s'/fnfo{ la;{b} cfpbf] lhgbulnfo{ ;f]rg' k5{, cj of] arrf g} lhgbulsf] affrg] cfwf/ xf] eg]/ s'/f ub}{ hffbf pgl lj:tf/} nfdf] ;f; km]b}{ xf] l;:6/ egb} cnl zfgt eo\g. rf/ k6ssf] ue{jtl hffr ;Fu;Fu} pgl;fu dgf]k/fdz{ ub}{ hffbf klxn] egbf 7Ls xf'b} uog\. pgsf] cftdan lj:tf/} a9\b} upsf] lyof]. pgsf] d'xf/df v';l b]lvg yfn]sf] lyof]. clgtd k6ssf] ue{ hffrkl5 pgl ;'Ts]/L x'g klg oxl ;+:yfdf cfog\ / /fd f];fu ;'Ts]/L klg eog\. kl/jf/x n] klg pgnfo{ lgs} ;xof]u u/]. 5f]/f epsfn] pgl cem w]/} v';l eog\. kl5 lj:tf/} cfkm}+n] egg yflng\ ca d]/f] 5f]/f g} d]/f] lhgbul xf] o;nfo{ c;n dfg5] agfpf5' egb} cj w]/} lrgtf ulb{g 5f]/fsf] eljiosf af/]df ;f]r5' egb} v';l x'fb} 3/ uog\. slxn]sffxl ufpf3/ / vf]k lsnlgsdf hffbf pgl;fu s'/fsfgl x'g5. pgl clxn] cfˆgf] 5f]/f;Fu v';l l5g\ / cfkmgf] hljg /fd /L latfo/x]sf] b]vbf dnfo{ klg c;fwo} v';l / uj{ nfu5. à

34 34 afnaflnsfx k lt cleefjsx sf] e"ldsf snkgf sf8]n sfo{qmd Joj:yfks afnaflnsfx sf] rgrn :jefj / pglx sf] lh1f;fnfo{ :jefljs?kn] a'emfpg ;lspg eg] afnaflnsfx df km/s vfnsf] afgl Jojxf/sf] ljsf; x'g hfg5. aflnsfx nfo{ ;xl dfu{df lxf8fpg / pglx df cfpsf] kl/jt{gx nfo{ a]n}df klxrfg ug{ ljbfno / kl/jf/ b'j}sf] plqs} dxtjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g5. slnnf afnaflnsfx sf] ljsl;t xf'b} u/]sf] dfg;k6nnfo{ ;sf/ftds ptk ]/0ff lbg' kl/jf/ / ljbfno b'j}sf] a/fa/ bflotj xf]. afnaflnsfx df b]lvg] g/fd f afgl Jojxf/nfO{ sdug{ ;Sg] pkfox s] s] x'g ;S5g\ eg]/ cleefjs / ljbfno a;]/ 5nkmn ug{ lgs} h?/l 5. afnaflnsfx nfo{ s8f lsl;dsf] ufnl unf}hn] klg pglx sf] dgdf rf]6 k' ofpg ;S5. o;n] pglx sf] dgdf Ps lsl;dsf] 8/ / lrgtf k}bf u/fpf5. pglx n] b]vfpg] rgrn] :jefj, pglx n] /fvg] cfzro{hgs lh1f;fnfo{ :jefljs dfg]/ pglx n] a'em\g] efiffdf a'emfpg' xfdl cleefjs / ljbfno b'j}sf] st{jo xf]. afnaflnsf ljbfnodf hddf lbgsf] 5b]lv ;ft 306flatfpF5g\eg] 3/df affsl ;do Joltt u5{g\. cfdfafa'x n] klg pglx sf] efjgf a'em\g], pglx sf] ck7]/f]df 5nkmn ug]{, pglx s] ubf{ v';l x'g5g\ eg]/ hfgsf/l /fvg] ug'{kb{5. pglx sf s'/fx Wofgk"j{s ;'Gg], ljbfnodf l;s]sf s'/fx sf] af/]df hfgsf/l /fvg], 3/df k9\g] 7fp+sf] Joj:yf ul/lbg], ljbfnosf] jftfj/0fsf] af/]df 5nkmn ug]{ ug'{kb{5. 3/af6 afnaflnsfx nfo{ ;dodf g} vfgf tof/ ul/lbg], ljbfnosf] nflu cfjzos 8«];, lstfa, skl / sndsf plrt Joj:yf ul/lbg] / pglx nfo{ ljbfnodf ef]s nfubf vfg] vfhf / kfglsf] Joj:yf u/]/ afnfaflnsf ljbfno k7fpg ;s]b]lv pglx v';l ;fy ljbfno hfg tof/ x'g5g\. cfkm\gf] 5f]/f5f]/Lsf]?lr s]df 5 / p;n] s'g ljifodf biftf xfl;n ug{ ;S5 eg]/ ;dodf g} klxrfg ug'{ klg afa' cfdfsf] bflotjleq kg{ hfg5. pglx n] dfu u/]sf x/]s s'/fx nfo k"/f ul/lbg' egbf klxn] Tof] lrh cfjzos 5 ls 5}g / Tof] k fkt ug{ xfdln] ug]{ vr{ cgo cfjzos s'/fdf ubf{ s] kmfobf k'u5 eg]/ pglx ;Fu g} 5nkmn rnfpg'kb{5. pglx nfo{ slt a]nf dgdf ck7]/f] k5{ / of] s'/f 3/df pglx n] sf];fu egg ;S5g\ egg] s'/fsf] klg hfgsf/l u/fpfbf pglx n] afa'cfdfnfo{ Pp6f ;fylsf]?kdf klg k fkt ug{ ;S5g\. ljbfno lsg hfg'k of] k9]/ s] x'g5, xfdln] gk9] klg vfpsf 5f} t, afafcfdfn] o:tf] egbf dnfo{ ljbfno cfpg dg nfub}g / cfp klg k9\g dg nfub}g, of] egfo dsjfgk'/ lhnnfsf] Ps ljbfnodf cwoog/t aflnsfsf] xf]. ljbfno gcfpg] cfp klg emf]qmfp/ a:g] / ;fylx ;Fu em}emu8f ul//fvg] aflnsfn] dgf]k/fdz{sf] qmddf lzifs ;fd' pgn] ol s'/fx JoQm u/]sl lyog\. 3/df x'g] 3/]n' em}emu8fn] afnaflnsfx nfo{ dfgl;s?kdf c;/ u5{. pglx nfo{ d]/f] dfof ug]{ sf]xl klg 5}g, d]/f] eljio s] xf]nf h:tf vfnsf 8/ / lrgtfn] ;tfo/xg5 o;n] ubf{ pglx nfo{ k9fok lt rf;f] gb]vfpg], ;fylx ;Fu em}emu8f ug]{ jf emf]qmfp/ a:g] ub{5g\. cleejfsn] 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] x]g'{kg]{ csf]{ dxtjk"0f{ kif eg]sf] pglx sf] ;fyl ;+ut klg /x]sf] 5. unt ;+utn] c;n afnaflnsf klg v/faaf6f] / s'ntdf km:g] ;Defjgf x'g5. cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ;fylx s] s:tf 5g\ pglx ljbfno ;dodf g} k'u5g\ ls k'ub}gg\ / a]n'sf 3/ slt a]nf cfok'u5g\ / v/fa ;+utn] s:tf] k efj kf5{ / o;n] x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt b'3{6gfx s] s] x'g ;S5g\ eg]/ pglx nfo{ a'emfpg ;Sg'kb{5. à

35 35 dfgl;s tgfjnfo{ s;/l Joj:yfkg ug]{< 8f= slkn b]j pkfwofo al/i7 dgf]lrlst;s lrlst;f lj1fgdf prr /Qmrfk, dw'd]x, w]/} df]6f]kgf, /utdf sf]n]:6]/f]nsf] dfqf a9l, zf/ll/s Jofofdsf] sdl jf zf/ll/s kl/>d gug]{ JolQm / r'/f]6, /S;L, ;"tl{ tyf nfu' cf}ifwl ;]jg ug]{x nfo{ ljlegg /f]u nfug] vt/f a9l x'g5 eg]/ k9fog5. t/ cfhsn o; k"j{ elgpsf sf/0fx sf] ;fy ;fy} dfgl;s tgfj a9l x'g] JolQmnfO{ /f]u a9l nfug] / prr /Qmrfk -High Blood Pressure_, k]6sf] cn;/ / d'6' ;DjlGw /f]u h:t} xf6{ P6}s a9l x'g5 egg] tyox aflx/ cfpsf 5g\. cfhsn sfd ug{sf] nflu ;'ljwfx w]/} ylkpsf 5g sdko"6/ 5, df]afon 5, OG6/g]6 5, ˆofS; 5, cyf{t ;'v ;'ljwf / cf/fd lbg] x/]s s'/fsf] Joj:yf 5 t/ klg ol ;'ljwf pkef]ulx df emg\ a9l tgfj, clgb f, lrgtf/f]u, lbsbf/lkg, PSnf]kgf, prr /Qmrfk, cn;/, rd{ /f]u / slnnf] pd]/ d} d'6' ;DjlGw :jf:yo ;d:ofx b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\. w]/} hgfsf] cg'dfg 5 o:tf] x'g'df xfd f] vfglkgdf cfpsf] kl/jt{g, /f;folgs dn k of]u u/]/ ptkfbg u/]sf vfg]s'/fx, hj/h:tl ksfpsf kmnkm"nx, xl/of] t/sf/ldf /fvg k of]u ul/g] /;fogx, vfgf /fd f] b]vfpg k of]u ul/g] ljlegg /+ux, kmf:6km"8x, aff;l vfg]s'/fx cfbl w]/} s'/fx zfob xf]nfg\. :jr5 lkpg] kfgl / :jff; lngsf] nflu :jr5 xfjf xfd f] :jf:yosf] nflu clt cfjzos 5, t/ zx/df a:g]x sf] nflu

36 36 ;kmf kfgl / ;kmf xfjfsf] kl/snkgf klg ug{ ;lsb}g. ol ;j} sf/0fx n] xfd f] :jf:yodf gsf/ftds k efj kl//x]sf] x'g ;Sb5. ol s'/fx afx]s 5f]6f] ;dodf ljlegg /f]u nfugdf dfgl;s tgfj Pp6f k d'v sf/0f dflgg5. t/ tgfj eg] xfdl cfkm}n] lgdtofpsf] xf}+ eg] klg x'g5 lsg ls cf/fd lng' kg]{ ;dodf xfdl cf/fd lnb}gf}, ;'Tg' kg]{ ;dodf ;'Tb}gf}, cfˆgf] Ifdtf egbf a9l sfd ug{ vf]h5f}, vfglkgdf vf;} Wofg lbb}gf}, kl/jf/, ;fylefo{, s]6fs]6lx sf] nflu ;do lbg rfxb}gf}, zfob gu/l gx'g] sfd, glbo gx'g] ;do afx]s c? s'/fdf vf;} Wofg lbb}gf}. cfhsn egg] rng 5 Work life balanceú eof] eg] dfq tgfj sd ug{ ;lsg5. sfd dfq hlt a9l u of] / lhgbulsf] csf]{ kf6f] hljgnfo{ jf:tf u/]g eg] dfgl;s tgfj x'g5 cyf{t olb tkfo{ sfdnfo{ dfq a9l k fyldstf lbg' x'g5 / cfˆgf] kl/jf/, s]6fs]6l, ;fylefo{ tyf cfˆgf] / kl/jf/sf] :jf:yok lt Wofg lbg' x'b}g eg] dfgl;s tgfj :jtm a9l x'g5. hlt dfgl;s tgfj a9\of] Tolt lrgtf a9\g] / /fd f];fu sfddf Wofg lbg g;lsg] eog5, cyf{t dfgl;s tgfjn] ptkfbglzntf 36fpF5. dfgl;s tgfj s} sf/0f l/; p7\g], d'8 v/fj x'g] / emu8f ;d]t x'g ;S5. dfgl;s tgfj 36fpg] s]xl tl/sfx M -!_ sfd ug]{ /fd f] jftfj/0f -Positive Work Environment_M /fd f] sfd ug{sf] nflu sfd ug]{ jftfj/0f /fd f] x'g' k5{. /fd f] jftfj/0f 5}g eg] dgdf sfd u/f} egg] pt;fx x'b}g. sfd ug]{ hf]; hfu/ rnb}g. To;sf/0f clkm;df sfd ug]{ /fd f] jftfj/0f agfpg' kg]{ x'g5. x'gtm of] l6d js{ (Team work) xf], sfd ug]{ ;j} :6fkmx n] /fd f] jftfj/0f agfpg ;xof]u ug'{ k5{ c?n] jf sfof{no k d'vn] Wofg lbg' kg]{ xf] egg] / cfkm' klg5g] egbf, cfkm} cl3 ;/]/ sfd ug]{ jftfj/0f agfpg] k of; ug'{ pqd dflgg5. -@_ clkm;df sfd ug]{ :6fkm;+Fu /fd f] ;DjGw / ljzjf;sf] jftfj/0f jgfpg]m Ps csf{df ljzjf; epg eg], k ]d, ;b\efj epg eg] clkm;sf] jftfj/0f /fd f] x'g ;Sb}g. Ps cfk;df ljzjf;sf] jftfj/0f eof] eg] o;n] l6d js{sf] nflu w]/} kmfobf k'u5. -#_ sfd ug]{ ;dodf ukm u/]/ ;do v]/ gkmfng]m /fd f] sfd ug{ ;do rflxg5, sfddf Wofg lbg' kg]{ x'g5. o:tf] a]nfdf cgfjzos kmf]gx df h?/l gepsf s'/fx df jf cgfjzos ukm u/]/ ;do latfpg k of] eg] /fd f] sfd ug{ ;lsb}g / sfd k'/f x'b}g. cfkm'n] ;'? u/]sf] sfd k'/f e};s]kl5 eg] s]lx kmf]gsnx / 5f]6f] ukm klg ug{ ;lsg5. To;sf] nflu s]lx ;dokl5 s'/f ug]{ jf kmf]g ug]{ s'/f ug{ ;lsg5. -$_ c?;+u s'/f ubf{ ;w} ;sf/ftds s'/fx df a9l hf]8 lbg] c?sf] ljrf/ cfkm';+u gldng ;S5 t/ To;f] egb}df Tof] ljrf/ g} l7s xf]og egg] lgisif{ lgsfng' x'b}g. To:t} u/]/ c?;+u s'/f ubf{ s]xl dflg;x n] cfˆgf s'/fx dfq a9l ug]{ u5{g\ / c?sf] s'/f ;'Gg rfxb}gg\. c?sf] s'/f /fd f];fu g;'lglbg' eg]sf] pgsf] cgfb/ ug'{ xf] To;}n] c?sf] s'/f Wofg lbp/ ;'Gg] afgl a;fnf}. s]xl dflg;x c?sf] g/fd f] s'/f dfq sf]6\ofpg rfxg5g\ To:tf] ubf{ ;DjGw lr;f] x'g5. g/fd f] s'/fnfo{ jf:tf gu/]/ /fd f] s'/f jf ;sf/ftds s'/fdf 5nkmn cl3 a9fpg' /fd f] x'g5. -%_ /fd f] sfdsf] h; cfkm'n] dfq lng' x'b}g. xfdlx ;a}sf] k of;n] of] sfd ;kmn x'g ;s]sf] xf] eg]/ cfˆgf] l6dnfo{ g} h; lbg] afgl a;fng' k5{. ;DkGg u/]sf] sfd df s;}sf] a9l / s;}sf] 36L d]xgt k/]sf] x'g ;S5 t} klg h; l6dn] lng' /fd f] x'g5. -^_ /fd f] sfdsf] h; cfkm'n] lng] / lju ]sf] sfdsf] bf]if c?dfly yf]kfg]{ afgl s;} s;}sf] x'g5. o:tf] slxn] klg ug'{ x'b}g. g/fd f] sfdsf] bf]if cfkm'n] lng ;Sg' w]/} 7"nf] s'/f xf]. To;f] ubf{ cfˆgf] l6dn] tkfo{nfo{ emg cfb/efjn] x]g]{ 5. -&_ cfˆgf] ;fylx sf] sfddf ;Sg' x'g5 eg] ;xof]u ug'{;\ M k fljlws sl7gfon], 1fgsf] sdl, goff sd{rf/l epsfn] cflb ljlegg sf/0f sfof{nosf sd{rf/lnfo{ sfd k"/f ug{ sl7gfo{ x'g ;S5 To:tf] a]nfdf ;xof]u rflxpsf] 5 eg] ;xof]u lbg' /fd f] x'g5. cfˆgf ;xsdl{x n] /fd f] sfd ug'{ eg]sf] klg l6dsf] sfd /fd f] x'g' xf]. à

37 37 k s[ltn] dflg;nfo{ cg'kd dlztis / z/l/ lbpsf] 5. dlzt:sdf w]/} lsl;dsf /;x -Chemicals_ x x'g5g\ h; dwo] OG8f]/lkmG;sf] agfj6, sfd u/fo{ / cfggb lbg] tl/sf aflx/ kfog] clkmd hgo kbfy{x h:t} dlkm{g -Morphine_, x]/f]og -Heroin_ ;+u ldnbf] h'nbf] x'g5. oxffx nfo{ cjut g} 5 cfggbsf] vf]hldf sltko o'jf o'jtlx clkmd hgo nfu' kbfy{sf] k of]u ug{ yfnb5g\ t/ To:tf] cfggb lbg] kbfy{ t xfd f] dlzt:sdf g} x' Fbf] /x]5. xfd f] dlzt:sdf /x]sf] OG8f]/lkmG;nfO{ s;/l a9fpg] / s;/l a9l cfggb lng] egg] s'/f ubf{, o;nfo{ a9fpg] w]/} tl/sfx 5g h:t} M v'j dhfn] lvtlvtfp/ xff:g] jf To:tf] gep j]nf j]nfdf d':s'/fpg]. ld7f], :jflbnf] vfg]s'/fx vfg]. cfkm'nfo{ dg kg]{ zf/ll/s Jofofd ug]{ h:t} lx8\g], kf}8l v]ng] jf cgo v]nx To:t} u/]/ /dfp/ ult uhn jf ehg ufpfbf, afwojfbg ahfpfbf / cfggbljef]/ ep/ ;+ult ;'Gbf klg OG8f]/lkmG;n] sfd ul//x]sf] x'g5. cfkm'nfo{ dg kg] { ;fyl;fu a:bf, s'/fsfgl ubf{ cfggbsf] cg'ej x'g5. k ]dl k ]ldsf ljrsf] /fd f] ;DjGw x'bff t dg v';l gx'g] s'/} epg. cfkm'n] latfpsf v';lsf lbg jf cfggbsf If0fx nfo{ ;+lembf klg dlzt:sdf /fd f] k efj k/]/ dg v';l x'g ;S5. /dfpg ;Sg], xff:g ;Sg] / hljgnfo{ ;sf/ftds?kn] lng] dflg;x nfo{ 8/, l/;, lrgtf h:tf ;d:ofx n] k fom ;tfpb}gg\. loglx hlgbul /fd f];fu latfpg hfg]sf x'g5g\, ldng;f/ x'g5g\, ;[hgzln x'g5g\ t'ngftds lx;fjn] hljgdf w]/} ;kmntf xffl;n klg u5{g\. d}n] lrg]sf] d]/f] ;fyl Pshgf lrlst;s x'g'x'g5. sf7df8f} aflx/sf] c:ktfndf xfdl ;+u} sfd uyof{}. pxffsf] sfdsf] af]em lgs} a9l lyof] lsg ls /ft j]/ft c:ktfndf bf}8l /xg' kg]{ / ck/];g ug'{ kg}{ eo{/xgyof]. slxn] /fte/l $ % j6f ck/]zg ug'{ k of] ;'Tg} kfopg egg' x'gyof], lvtlvtfp/ xf:g' x'gyof], slxn] cfh t c;fwo} ysfo{ nfu]sf] 5 hlt sfd u/] klg g;lsg] eg]/ egg' x'gyof] / dhhfn] xf:g' x'gyof]. dnfo{ cfzro{ nfuyof] o:tf] a]nfdf klg xff:g ;Sg] eg]/. zfob pxffnfo{ klg d':s'/fp/ / xff;]/ klg dfgl;s tgfj 36fpg ;lsg5 o;/l xff:bf s] kmfo{bf x'g5 egg] yfxf gx'g klg ;S5 t/ o;/l xff:bf t dfgl;s tgfj sd x'g] /x]5, ysfo{ d]l6g] /x]5, dgnfo{ v';l kfg]{ ttj OG8f]/lkmG; dlzt:sdf a9\g] /x]5 / km]/l v6]/ sfd ug]{ :km"lt{ ;d]t cfpfbf] /x]5. dfgl;s tgfj / ysfo{ d]6\g] s:tf] /fd f] t/lsf. xf:bf tgfj sd x'g5 egg] hfgsf/l epsf] sl/j!% jif{ hlt eof] xf]nf. Tolts} xff:bf jf d':s'/fpbf s;}n] of] t v':sof] ls < egnf egg] 8/ nfunf. lbdfun] sfd gu/]/ xf:b} lx8\g] xf] ls < egg] 8/ nfunf. cfkm'n] lrg]sf] dflg; ;+u d':s'/fpfbf jf xff:bf 8/fpg' kg]{ s'g} sf/0f 5}g. olb ck7\of/f] g} nfu5 eg] P]gfdf x]/]/ xff:g t ;Sg'x'G5 lg < xff:bf :jf:yodf ;sf/ftds k efj k5{ eg] lsg sgh';fo{ ug]{. t/ cfkm' k lt d':s'/fpfg';, cfkm}nfo{ x]/]/ xff:g] ug'{;\, c?sf] dhfs p8fp/ eg] xff:g] ug'{ x'b}g, ldng] ;fyl;+u eg] To;/L xff:g ;Sg' x'g5. oxffx n] ;'Gg' eps} xf]nf xff:g]x sf] Snjsf] af/]df. Snjdf hddf ep/ xff;f] gnfu] klg xff, xff, xff u/]/ xff:g nfu] kl5 c?x n] klg To;} u/]sf] b]v]/ ;flrrs} xff;f] nfug yfnb5 clg t k]6 ldlr ldlr xf;] e} xfnof]. z/l/df hddf epsf] 6]G;g 36fpg] lgs} /fd f] tl/sf xf], ;fwg xf] o;/l xff:g] afgl. cf6{ ckm lnleª -Art of Living_ sf] u'? >L /ljz+s/ Ho" sf7df8f} cfpg' epsf] a]nfdf pxffn] 6'8Lv]ndf / csf]{ lbg ;f]n6l xf]6ndf ToxfF e]nf epsfx nfo{ Wofg u/fpg' epsf] lyof] / d klg ToxfF ;xeful lyp. pxffn] Wofg u/fpbf egg' eof]. d':s'/fpb} d':s'/fpb} nfdf] :jf; lng'xf]; / la:tf/} 5f]8\g'xf]; cyf{t d':s'/fp/ nfdf] nfdf] :jf; lnbff /fd f] k efj kbf]{/x]5 eg]/ g} pxffn] o;f] egg' x'fbf] /x]5. k ]dk"j{s jf leq}jf6 ;b\efj hfu]/ gd:sf/ ubf{ jf 9f]u ubf{ xfdln] cfggbsf] cg'ej u5f}{. cfˆgf lk ohg;+u c+sdfn ubf{ xfdl /dfpf5f}. v';l;fy xft ldnfpbf klg cfggb cfpf5. To;/L g} dg vf]n]/ xff:g kfpfbf klg xfdlnfo{ w]/} cfggb cfpf5. "A smile costs nothing but gives much". To;}n] xff:g l;sf}, xff;f} / ;se/ hlgbul cfggb l;t latfpf. à

38 38 afnaflnsfx n] s;/l l;s5g\ < h:tf] ef]ufo{ p:t} l;sfo{ bf]/f]yl n gf]nt] cfnf]rgf lar x's]{sf] afnsn] et;gf{ ug{ l;sb5 cdof{bf alr x's]{sf] afnsn] nlhht x'g l;sb5 zfgt jftfj/0fdf x's]{sf] afnsn] w}o{jfgx'g l;sb5 cfb/ / ;Ddfgdf x's]{sf] afnsn] k z+;f ug{ l;sb5 ;b\efjgf / ldqtfdf x's]{sf] afnsn] dfof / :g]x ug{ l;sb5 tgfj / laafbdf x's]{sf] afnsn] em}emu8f ug{ l;sb5 nfhdf x's]{sf] afnsn] k5'tfpg l;sb5 ;'/lift?kdf x's]{sf] afnsn] ljzjf; ug{ l;sb5{ k z+;fdf x's]{sf] afnsn] sb/ ug{ l;sb5 ;dfgtfdf x's]{sf] afnsn] Gofo lbg l;sb5 ;xdtldf x's]{sf] afnsn] ;dfhnfo{ dg k/fpg l;sb5 Children Learn What They Live -Dorothy Law Nolte If a child lives with criticism, he/she learns to condemn If a child lives with ridicule, he/she learns to be shy. If a child lives with tolerance, he/she learns to be patient. If a child lives with praise, he/she learns to appreciate. If a child lives with acceptance and friendship, he/she learns to find love in the world. If a child lives with hostility, he/she learns to fight. If a child lives with shame, he/she learns to feel guilty If a child lives with security, he/she learns to have faith. If a child lives with encouragement, he/she learns to be confident. If a child lives with fairness, he/she learns justice. If a child lives with approval, he/she learns to like himself. à

39 39 dlxnf :jf:yo :jo+;]ljsfsf nflu tflnd e"sdkaf6 k efljtx?sf nflu dgf]k/fdz{ ;]jf :jf:yosdl{x?sf nflu dfgl;s :jf:yo tflnd j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ;DaGwL t]; f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng lzifsx?sf nflu ljbfno dgf]k/fdz{ tflnd ljzj :jf:yo lbj;df ;xeful